tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-83822592024-03-07T16:42:53.761-07:00AgoraLysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.comBlogger361125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-2998766130401982232017-06-11T08:25:00.002-06:002017-06-11T08:44:49.825-06:00Second Trip in 2017 On Saturday, June 10, 2017, the Camp Loll Staff had planed to head into Loll for the summer. However, a long cold winter, heavy snow, and a cool spring has presented a challenge. On that day five Loll Staff Members did make it into Camp. Camp Loll is in great shape. The buildings all standing, the incinerator appears to have weathered the storms of winter well, however challenges still remain. <br />
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A crew had attempted to get to Loll on Monday, June 5th, but were turned back by heavy snow on the road from the west side of Calf Creek. We couldn't even make it to the top in our truck. (See the post just before this one for pictures and comments.) Saturday we were able to make it to the "snow pole" at the top of Calf Creek divide. The north-east facing grade was still blocked by a fallen tree and drifts, but the five intervening warm days had greatly reduced the "snowpack" and given some hope that another week would render the road passible at this point. Beyond the shaded Calf Creek section the road to Loll was relatively clear until the turn off into Camp. <br />
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Here are some pictures that will take our trip to the turn off to Loll<br />
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Here is the crew at the top of Calf Creek Divide. We call it the "Snow Pole" although there has not been a poll here for some years.<br />
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This is the north-east slope of Calf Creek Hill. This is the largest tree down on the road. (*Note - on our way back out, we noted that a large truck had driven in as far as this snow bank. It had broken up the drift about half way to the fallen tree.)<br />
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At the downed tree. </div>
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Beyond the "tree" the road is still blocked by drifts, but a warm week of snow melting will reduce them to conquerable barriers for a determined Camp Loll Staff. <br />
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Starting up the hill on the east side of Calf Creek, the road is clear. There is still mud, and soft spots. I had been raining the night before and there road was wet. This is the view looking back toward Calf Creek.<br />
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Here is the view looking west, toward Camp. </div>
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There are some drifts, but a warm week will much reduce these, and what is left will soon fall to a crew of determined shovel men. <br />
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I was concerned that a high run-off would take out the road, but Boone Creek seems to have stayed within its banks. The water on the road is snow melt from the drifts above. <br />
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Here is the last run up to the "Camp Turnoff". The Loll Road Sign spends the summer right at the top of the ridge here. <br />
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To this point there was nothing that seemed unsurmountable with a week of melting and a determined crew. Things were about to become a little more challenging. <br />
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This is looking south up the road from the turnoff from the Grass Lake Road headed toward Loll. <br />
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There were some promising open spots, but most of the road in was still under a foot of more of snow. <br />
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Long sections of the east facing side of the hill were still covered. </div>
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Here is the corner at the top of the first long hill, where the road turns back to the west. </div>
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There were a few small trees down over the road.</div>
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We crest the hill and head down toward Loll. </div>
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We are not alone in the Wilderness. </div>
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A quick stop at the Parking Lot. </div>
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The Road in was relatively clear. </div>
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Lake of the Woods appears through the trees. <br />
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The Lodge is still standing - always a relief! </div>
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The last turn in will surely take some digging. </div>
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The roof withstood a lot of snow; camp is full of a lot of snow, but if the weather cooperates there is hope of being into Loll by next weekend. </div>
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At this time we are still considering our options, but wanted to have some pictures available for those who will be involved in the great adventure. More to come. </div>
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-55423242765991627452017-06-06T07:45:00.003-06:002017-06-11T12:52:03.388-06:00The First Trip In - 2017 <div style="text-align: left;">
On June 5th a Crew from Camp Loll attempted the first entry into Camp for the Summer of 2017. Unfortunately winter had not yet left our beloved mountains. The road is in great shape; we met the Forest Service crew clearing downed trees - they have done a great job. However, as we started up the Calf Creek divide we ran into snow. The road was impassible from the "pull out" about half way up coming in from the west. On this west facing side of the mountain, there were bare spots in sun exposed sections, but the drifts that covered the road were deep, hard, and blocked the entire roadway in most places. Once we reached the top, where the "Snow Pole" once stood, things became even more discouraging. The entire road running down the north-east facing slope of Calf Creek Divide was deeply buried in snow. The peaks of the drifts were up to four feet deep. Here are some pictures:</div>
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This is the first drift we encountered. It is just past where we parked the truck in the pull out to the south of the road. You can see one vehicle has gone further up the road, but it was parked just past the end of the track plowing through the snow that you can see to the left of the picture.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhge_NZHBFdwj35WxJSUtpDp37QPuMQNdn82d1NF0PXEviQl9XPPVg6pT1eFAohUCiQ9ORxCp6EPxbNTB3cX7KKwbm3s3hEL-ibL4J0iTyL9zq5msGIEuhQn19g-z3FZpWa_dVA/s1600/DSC_9654.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1504" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhge_NZHBFdwj35WxJSUtpDp37QPuMQNdn82d1NF0PXEviQl9XPPVg6pT1eFAohUCiQ9ORxCp6EPxbNTB3cX7KKwbm3s3hEL-ibL4J0iTyL9zq5msGIEuhQn19g-z3FZpWa_dVA/s320/DSC_9654.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Here is the road going up toward the Calf Creek Summit, (the snow pole). You can see it is completely buried under two to three feet of hard snow. The water was flowing out under the drifts and flowing off the road in the diversion ditches along the north side of the road. <br />
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Yes, this is bear sign. We are never alone in the woods!</div>
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Looking back down the road toward the west from the top of Calf Creek Divide. Imagine trying to drive the cargo truck up this! It gets worse! </div>
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The "far" side of the Calf Creek Divide. Down the road a bit the road dives into even denser forest. The snow will get even deeper.<br />
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The drifts looking toward the north-east. <br />
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We hiked down the road to the place were the meadow opens up to the West. Then started the trudge back up the hill. You can see that wherever there is shade over the road the "drifts" are standing four feet deep. <br />
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I am standing on top of the drift, the guys are standing on the surface of the road. My feet are about level with their heads.<br />
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A little further up the hill, Chris stands on the road's edge, the snow, rising about him, buries the road. <br />
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Looking back down from the top - we prepare to head home. The power to move this barrier to our summer home is in the hands of Mother Nature: warm winds, sunshine, and time.<br />
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-84119686523439876232017-04-23T20:34:00.000-06:002017-04-24T20:00:12.730-06:00Thucydides - The Peloponnesian WarI have not read Thucydides since college - in Dr. Gorge Ellsworth's Greek History Class. That was back in 1972. It was a hard read this time - as it was then, just at the end of the Vietnam War. Thucydides speaks of the recurring nature of history: <br />
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"But if he who desires to have before his eyes a true picture of the events which have happened, and of the like events which may be expected to happen hereafter in the order of human things shall pronounce what I have written to be useful, then I shall be satisfied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My history is an everlasting possession, not a prize composition which is heard and forgotten." (p. 15)<br />
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It is an everlasting possession and an everlasting heart ache. <br />
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I started listening to the Benjamin Jowett translation on "Audible" and enjoyed his presentation so much that I bought a copy of his 1881 publication and read it. It was painful and beautiful, terrifying and true. It seemed that everyday I found the latest headlines mirrored in the ancient text. <br />
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I have selected 215 quotes. The bold print introductions are my own words. There is an index after the quotes. I hope it will be helpful in finding today in these words from yesterday.<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></i></b> </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 107%;">Thucydides</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 107%;">, translated by Benjamin Jowett,
1817-1893<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
I, </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">pages
1 - 93</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Importance
of the War</b> – No movement ever stirred Hellas more deeply than this; it was
shared by many of the Barbarians, and might be said even to affect the world at
large.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Neolithic
Times</b> – The country which is now called Hellas was not regularly settled in
ancient times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The people were
migratory, and readily left their homes whenever they were overpowered by
numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 1-2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Immigration
Benefits –</b> Certainly Attica, of which the soil was poor and thin, enjoyed a
long freedom from civil strife, and therefore retained its original
inhabitants. And a striking confirmation of my argument is afforded by the fat
that Attica through immigration increased in population more than any other
region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the leading men of Hellas,
when driven out of their own country by war or revolution, sought an asylum at
Athens; and from the very earliest times, being admitted to rights of
citizenship, so greatly increased the number of inhabitants that Attica became
incapable of con5aining them, and was at last obliged to send out colonies to
Ionia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 2-3 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">King
Hellen Will Give His Name to the People – </b>. . . I am inclined to think that
the very name was not as yet given to the whole country, and in fact did not
exist at all before the time of Hellen, the son of Deuclion; the different
tribes, of which the Pelasgian was the most widely spread, gave their own names
to different districts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when Hellen
and his sons became powerful in Phthiotis, their aid was invoked by other
cities, and those who associated with them gradually began to be called
Hellenes . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Second
Amendment, Right to Carry</b> – The fashion of wearing arms among these
continental tribes is a relic of their old predatory habits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For in ancient times all Hellenes carried
weapons because their homes were undefended and intercourse was unsafe; like
the Barbarians they went armed in their every-day life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the continuance of the custom in certain
parts of the country proves that it once prevailed everywhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archeology
– Only a Guess – </b>When it is said that Mycenae was but a small place, or
that any other city which existed in those days is inconsiderable in our own,
this argument will hardly prove that the expedition was not as great as the
poets related and as is commonly imagined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Suppose the city of Sparta to be deserted and nothing left but the
temples and the ground-plan, distant ages would be very unwilling to believe
that the power of the Lacedaemonians was at all equal to their fame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yet they own two-fifths of eh
Peloponnesus, and are acknowledged leaders of the whole, as well as of numerous
allies in the rest of Hellas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But their
city is not regularly built and has no splendid temples or other edifices; it
rather resembles a straggling village like the ancient towns of Hellas, and
would therefore make a poor show. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ship’s
Rowers Are Warriors – </b>That the crews were all fighting men as well as
rowers he clearly implies when speaking of the ships of Philoctetes; for he
tells us that all the oarsmen were likewise archers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dorian
Invasion</b> – In the eightieth year after the war [Trojan War], the Dorians led
by the Heraclidae conquered the Peloponnesus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corinth
Built the First Trirems</b> – The Corinthians are said to have first adopted
something like the modern style of ship-building, and the oldest Hellenic
triremes to have been constructed at Corinth. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 10 – BC 704<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparta’s
Good Laws – </b>. . . nevertheless she [Sparta] obtained good laws at an
earlier period than any other and has never been subject to tyrants; she has
preserved the same form of government for rather more than four hundred years,
reckoning to the end of the Peloponnesian War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 12 – BC 804<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Persian
War – Process and Aftermath (Land and Sea) Hellenes Divided between Athens and
Sparta </b>– In the greatness of the impending danger, the Lacedaemonians, who
were the most powerful state in Hellas, assumed the lead of the
confederates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Athenians, as the
Persian host advanced, resoled to forsake their city, broke up their homes,
and, taking to their ships, became sailors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Barbarian was repelled by a common effort; but soon the Hellenes, as
well those who had revolted from the King as those who formed the original
confederacy, took different sides and became the allies either of the Athenians
or of the Lacedaemonians; for these were now the two leading powers, the one
strong by land and the other by sea. pp. 12-13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">12. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greatest
War </b>– And, though men will always judge any war in which they are actually
fighting to be the greatest at the time, but, after it is over, revert to their
admiration of some other which has preceded, still the Peloponnesian, if
estimated by the actual facts, will certainly prove to have been the greatest
ever known. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 15 – BC 404<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thucydides on His Speeches</b> – As to the
speeches which were made either before or during the war, it was hard for me,
and for others who reported them to me, to recollect the exact words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have therefore put into the mouth of each
speaker the sentiments proper to the occasion, expressed as I thought he would
be likely to express them, while at the same time I endeavored, as nearly as I
could, to give the general purport of what was actually said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">14.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Happen
Again</b> – But if he who desires to have before his eyes a true picture of the
events which have happened, and of the like events which may be expected to
happen hereafter in the order of human things shall pronounce what I have
written to be useful, then I shall be satisfied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My history is an everlasting possession, not
a prize composition which is heard and forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 15 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">15. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colonies
Estranged by Injustice</b> – If they [Corinth] say that we [Corcyraeans] are
their colony and that therefore you have no right to receive us, they should be
made to understand that all colonies honor their mother-city when she treats
them well, but are estranged from her by injustice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 23 – BC 433<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">16, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Enemy
of Your Enemy Is Your Friend</b> – Above all, our enemies are your enemies,
which is the best guarantee of fidelity in an ally; and they are not weak but
well able to injure those who secede from them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 24 – BC 453<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Justice
and Expedience</b> – Do not say to yourselves that this is just, but that in
the event of war something else is expedient; for the true path of expediency
is the path of right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(The Corinthian argument)
p. 29 – BC 433<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War
Inevitable Anyway </b>– For they knew that in any case the war with
Peloponnesus was inevitable, and they had no mind to let Corcyra and her navy
fall into the hands of the Corinthians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 30 – BC 432<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Battle
(Cheimerium) Described</b> – The engagement was obstinate, but more courage
than skill was displayed, and it had almost the appearance of a battle by land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When two ships once charged on another it was
hardly possible to part company, for the throng of vessels was dense, and the
hopes of victory lay chiefly in the heavy-armed, who maintained a steady fight
upon the decks, the ships meanwhile remained motionless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were no attempts to break the enemy’s
line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Brute force and rage made up for
the want of tactics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everywhere the
battle was a scene of tumult and confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 32 – BC 432 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corinthians
Compare Athens to Sparta</b> – Of all Hellenes, Lacedaemonians, you are the
only people who never do anything . . . They are revolutionary, equally quick
in the conception and in the execution of every new plan; while you are
conservative—carful only to keep what you have, originating nothing and not
acting even when action is necessary. . . For they hope to gain something by
leaving their homes; but you are afraid that any new enterprise may imperil
what you have already. . . but if they fail, they at once conceive new hopes
and so fill up the void.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With them alone
to hope is to have for they lose not a moment in the execution of an idea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the life-long task, full of danger
and toil, which they are always imposing upon themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None enjoy their good things less, because they
are always seeking for more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To do their
duty is their only holiday, and they deem the quiet of inaction to be as
disagreeable as the most tiresome business. If a man should say of them, in a
word, that they were born neither to have peace themselves no to allow peace to
other men, he would simply speak the truth. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 43-46 – BC 432 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Athens
Empire Develops</b> – The subsequent deployment of our power was originally
forced upon us by circumstances; fear was our first motive; afterwards
ambition, and then interest stepped in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p 48 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Justice
and Violence</b> – Mankind resent injustice more than violence, because the one
seems to be an unfair advantage taken by an equal, the other is the
irresistible force of a superior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus
King of Sparta</b> – But Archidamus their king, who was held to be both an abel
and a prudent man came forward and spoke as follows: -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 50-51 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus
on War</b> – At my age, Lacedaemonians, I have had experienced many wars, and I
see several of you who are as old as I am, and who will not, as men too often
do, desire war because they have never known it, or in the belief that it is
either a good or a safe thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 51 –
BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus
on Athenian Resolve to Keep Their Freedom</b> – Nay, I fear that we shall
bequeath it to our children; for the Athenians with their high spirit will
never barter their liberty to save their land, or be terrified like novices at
the sight of war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 52 – BC 432 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">26. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus
on Spartan Resolve</b> – Remember that we have always been citizens of a free
and most illustrious state, and that for us the policy which they condemn may
well be truest good sense and discretion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is a policy which has saved us from growing insolent in prosperity or
giving way under adversity, like other men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are not stimulated by the allurements of flattery into dangerous
courses of which we disapprove; nor are we goaded by offensive charges into
compliance with any man’s wishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
have not acquired that useless over-intelligence which makes a man an excellent
critic of an enemy’s plans, but paralyses him in the moment of action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We think that the wits of our enemies are as
good as our own, and that the element of fortune cannot be forecast in words. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 53 – BC 432 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus
on the Hardest School</b> – We should remember that one man is much the same as
another, and that he is best who is trained in the severest school.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 53-54 – BC 432 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Themistocles
on the Wall for Athens </b>–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He [Themistocles]
then proposed that he himself start at once for Sparta and that they should
give him colleagues who were not to go immediately, but were to wait until the
wall reached the lowest height which could possibly be defended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole people, men, women, and children,
should join in the work and they must spare no building, private or public,
which could be of use, but demolish them all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 57 – BC 479<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Themistocles
on the Piraeus</b> – Themistocles also persuaded the Athenians to finish the
Piraeus, of which he had made a beginning in his year of office as Archon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The situation of the place, which had three
natural havens, was excellent; and now that the Athenians had become sailors,
he thought that a good harbor would greatly contribute to the extension of
their power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 59 – BC 481? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delos the
Seat of the Alliance</b> – The island of Delos was the treasury, and the
meetings of the allies were held in the temple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 61 – BC 477 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Long
Walls</b> – About this time the Athenians began to build their long walls
extending to the sea, one to the harbor of Phalerum and the other to the
Piraeus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 66 – BC 460-457<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Power of
Athens Is Sparta’s Motivation</b> – But the Athenians were growing too great to
be ignored and were laying hands on their [Sparta’s] allies. They could now
bear it no longer: they made up their minds that they must put out all their
strength and overthrow the Athenian power by force of arms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And therefore, they commenced the
Peloponnesian War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 72 – BC 439 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delphi’s Promise
to Sparta</b> – They had already voted in their own assembly that the treaty
had been broken and that the Athenians were guilty; they now sent to Delphi and
asked the god if it would be for their advantage to make war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is reported to have answered that, if they
did their best, they would be conquerors, and that he himself, invited or
uninvited, would take their part.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 72
-73 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War Sometimes
Necessary – the Corinthians Call</b> – And therefore let no one hesitate to
accept war in exchange for peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wise
men refuse to move until they are wronged, but brave men as soon as they are
wronged go to war, and when there is a good opportunity make peace again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are not intoxicated by military success:
but neither will they tolerate injustice from a love of peace and ease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For he who pleasure makes a coward will
quickly lose if he continues inactive the delights of ease which he is so
unwilling to renounce; and he whose arrogance is stimulated by victory does not
see how hollow is the confidence which elates him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 73-74 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mercenaries
Base of Athenian Power</b> – The Athenian power consists of mercenaries, and
not of their own citizens; but our soldiers are not mercenaries, and therefore
cannot so be bought, for we are strong in men if poor in money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 74 – BC 432 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Naturel
Gifts and Learned Skill</b> – For that [courage] is a natural gift which they
cannot learn but their superior skill is a thing acquired, which we must attain
by practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 74 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dangers
in War</b> – Are we not open to one of three most serious charges--folly,
cowardice, or carelessness? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 75 – BC
432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War
Assures Peace</b> – For by war peace is assured, but to remain at peace when
you should be going to war may be often very dangerous. p. 77 – BC 432<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sin of
Killing Prisoners</b> – When the Athenians, to whose charge the guard had been
committed, saw them dying in the temple, they bade them rise, promising to do
them no harm, and then led them away and put them to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They even slew some of them in the very presence
of the awful Goddesses at whose altars, in passing by, they had sought
refuge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The murderers and their
descendants are held to be accursed, and offenders against the Goddess [Athena
– Goddess of Justice].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 78 – BC 620?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pericles
Praised</b> – For he [Pericles] was the leader of the state and the most
powerful man of his day, and his policy was utterly opposed to the
Lacedaemonians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would not suffer the
Athenians to give way, but was always urging upon them the necessity of
war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 79 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ephors
Wall Up the Temple</b> – Whereupon he [Former Spartan King, Pausanias – the son
of Leonidas – who had made deals with the Persians.] ran and fled to the temple
of Athene of the Brazen House and arrived before them, for the precinct was not
far off. . . When his pursuers, who had failed in overtaking him, came up, they
unroofed the building, and having made sure that he was within and could not
get out, they built up the doors, and, investing the place, starved him to
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 84 – BC 471<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Learn the
Language</b> – The King is said to have been astonished at the boldness of his
[Themistocles] character, and told him to wait a year as he proposed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the interval, he made himself acquainted
as far as he could, with the Persian language and the manners of the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the year was over, he arrived at the court
and became a greater man there than any Hellene had ever been before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 86-87 – BC 465 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pericles
Answer to Sparta’s Conditions for Peace</b> – At last Pericles the son of
Xanthippus, who was the first man of his day at Athens, and the greatest orator
and statesman, came forward and advised as follows; p. 88 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Never
Yield</b> – Athenians, I say, as I always have said, that we must never yield
to the Peloponnesians, although I know that men are persuaded to go to war in
one temper of mind, and act when the time comes in another, and that their
resolutions changed with the changes of fortune.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 88 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Be Firm</b>
– You should have no lingering uneasiness about this; you are not really going
to war for a trifle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For in the seeming
trifle is involved the trial and confirmation of your whole purpose. If you
yield to them in a small matter, they will think that you are afraid, and will
immediately dictate some more oppressive conditions, but if you are firm, you
will prove to them that they must treat you as their equals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 89 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Resources</b> – That our resources are equal
to theirs, and that we shall be as strong in the war, I will now prove to you
in detail. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Peloponnesians cultivate
their own soil, and they have no wealth either public or private.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor have they any experience of long wars in
countries beyond the sea; their poverty prevents them from fighting, except in
person against each other and that for a short time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 89-90 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Property
and Owners</b> – And men who cultivate their own lands are more ready to serve
with their persons than with their property; they do not despair of their
lives, but they soon grow anxious least their money should all be spent,
especially if the war in which they are engaged is protracted beyond their
calculations, as may well be the case.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 90 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Weakness
of Confederacy</b> – The members of such a confederacy are slow to meet, and
when they do meet, they give little time to the consideration of any common
interest, and a great deal to schemes with further the interest of their
particular schemes which further the interest of their particular state. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>p.
90 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Naval
Skills Valuable </b>– Maritime skill is like skill of other kinds, not a thing
to be cultivated by the way or at chance times; it is jealous of any other
pursuit which distracts the mind for an instant from itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 91– BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">g) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mercenaries
Unreliable</b> – No mercenary will choose to fight on their side for the sake
of a few days’ high pay, when he will not only be an exile, but will incur
greater danger, and with have less hope of victory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp 91-92 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">h) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Men More
Important than Houses or Lands</b> – Mourn not for houses and lands, but for men;
men may gain these, but these will not gain men. p. 92 – BC 432 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Don’t Try
to Extend Empire</b> – I have many other reasons for believing that you will
conquer, but you must not be extending your empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 92 – BC 432<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">j) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Answer to
the Demands of the Lacedacmonians</b> – That we will not exclude the Mergrians
from our markets and harbors, if the Lacedacmonians will not exclude foreigners
whether ourselves or our allies, from Sparta; for the treaty no more forbids
the one than the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That we will
concede independence to the cities, if they were independent when we made the
treaty, and as soon as the Lacedacmonians allow their subject states to be
governed as they choose, not for the interest of Lacedaemon, but for their
own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also that we are willing to offer
arbitration according to the treaty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
that we do not want to begin war, but intend to defend ourselves if
attacked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 92-93 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">k) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to Win
a War</b> – Our fathers, when they withstood the Persian, had no such empire as
we have; what little they had they forsook: not by good fortune but by wisdom,
and not by power but by courage, they repelled the Barbarian and raised us to
our present height of greatness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must
be worthy of them, and resist our enemies with all our might, that we may hand
down our empire unimpaired to posterity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 93 – BC 432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
II, </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">pages
94 – 168</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beginnings,
Full of Energy</b> – On neither side were there any mean thoughts; they were
both full of enthusiasm: and no wonder, for all men are energetic when they are
making a beginning. At that time the youth of Peloponnesus and the youth of
Athens were numerous; they had never seen war, and were therefore very willing
to take up arms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 99 – BC 431 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Archidamus,
King of Sparta, Speaks</b> – When the whole army was assembled, Archidamus, the
king of the Lacedaemonians, and the leader of the expedition, called together
the generals of the different states and their chief officers and most
distinguished men, and spoke as follows ;– <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danger of Over
Confidence in War</b> – War is carried on in the dark; attacks are generally
sudden and furious, and often the smaller army, animated by a proper fear, has
been more than a match for a larger force which disdaining their opponent, were
taken unprepared by him. When invading an enemy’s country, men should always be
confident in spirit, but they should fear too, and take measures of precaution;
and thus they will be at once most valorous in attack and impregnable in
defense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 101 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Steps to Victory</b>
– Remembering how great this city is which you are attacking, and what a fame
you will bring on your ancestors and yourselves for good or evil according to
the result, follow whithersoever you are led; maintain discipline and caution
above all things, and be on the alert to obey the word of command.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A great army is most assured of glory and
safety when visibly animated by one spirit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 101 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Suspicion
Against Pericles</b> – While the Peloponnesians were gathering at the Isthmus,
and were well on their way, but before they entered Attica, Pericles the son of
Xanthippus, who was one of the ten Athenian generals, knowing, that the
invasion was inevitable, and suspecting that Archidamus in wasting the country
might very likely spare his lands, ether out of courtesy and because he
happened to be his friend, or by the order of the Lacedaemonian authorities
(who had already attempted to raise a prejudice against him when they demanded
the expulsion of the polluted family, and might take this further means of
injuring him in the eyes of the Athenians), openly declared in the assembly
that Archidamus was his friend, but not to the injury of the state, and that
supposing the enemy did not destroy his lands and buildings like the rest, he
would make a present of them to the public; and he desired that the Athenians
would have no suspicion of him on that account.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 102-103 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wealth of
Athens</b> – The state of their [Athens] finances was encouraging; they had on
an average six hundred talents coming in annually from their allies, to say
nothing of their other revenue; and there were still remaining in the Acropolis
six thousand talents of coined silver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(The whole amount had once been as much as nine thousand seven hundred
talents, but from this had to be deducted a sum of three thousand seven hundred
expended on various buildings, such as the Propylaea of the Acropolis, and also
on the siege of Potidaea.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover
there was uncoined gold and silver in the form of private and public offerings,
sacred vessels used in processions and games, the Persian spoil and other
things of the like nature, worth at least five hundred talents more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was also at their disposal, besides
what they had in the Acropolis, considerable treasure in various temples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they were reduced to the last extremity
they could even take off the plats of gold with which the image of the goddess
was overlaid; these, as he pointed out, weighed forty talents, and were of
refined gold, which was all removable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 103 – BC 431 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Walls of
Athens</b> – The Phaleric wall extended four miles from Phalerum to the city
walls: the portion of the city wall which was guarded was somewhat less than
five miles; that between the Long Wall and the Phaleric requiring no
guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Long Walls running down to
the Pireeus were rather more than four and a-half miles in length; the outer
only was guarded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole circuit of
the Piraeus and of Munychia was not quite seven miles, of which half required a
guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 104 – BC 431 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Theseus Sets
Up the City</b> – Theseus came to the throne, he, being a powerful as well as a
wise ruler, among other improvements in the administration of the country,
dissolved the councils and separate governments, and united all the inhabitants
of Attica in the present city, establishing one council and town hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 105 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Country
Life</b> – Thus for along the ancient Athenians enjoyed a country life in
self-governing communities; and although they were now united in a single city,
they and their descendants, down to the time of this war, from old habit generally
resided with their households in the country where they had been born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 106 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Metics Also
Fought</b> – About the end of the summer the entire Athenian force, including
the metics, invaded the territory of Mergara, under the command of Pericles the
son of Zanthippus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 114 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Funeral
Oration</b> – During the same winter, in accordance with an old national
custom, the funeral of those who first fell in this war was celebrated by the
Athenians at the public charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cemetery
(Note: Heroes of Marathon Buried on the Field) </b>– The public sepulcher is
situated in the most beautiful spot outside the walls; there they always bury
those who fall in war; only after the battle of Marathon the dead, in
recognition of their per-eminent valor, were interred on the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 115-116 – BC 431<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Honor by Deeds</b>
– But I [Pericles] should have preferred that, when men’s deeds have been
brave, they should be honored in deed only, and with such an honour as this
public funeral, which you are now witnessing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 116 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gift from Ancestors</b>
– I [Pericles] will speak first of our ancestors, for it is right and becoming
that now, when we are lamenting the dead, a tribute should be paid to their
memory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There has never been a time when
they did not inhabit this land, which by their valour they have handed down
from generation to generation, and we have receive from them a free state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 117 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gift from Fathers</b>
– But if they were worthy of praise, still more were our fathers, who added to
their inheritance, and after many a struggle transmitted to us their sons their
great empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 117 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gift from Ourselves</b>
– And we ourselves assembled here to-day, who are still most of us in the
vigoro of life, have chiefly done the work of improvements, and have richly
endowed our city with all things, so that she is sufficient for herself both in
peace and war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 117 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Government,
Democracy/Law/Merit</b> – Our form of government does not enter into rivalry
with the institutions of others. We do not copy our neighbors, but are an
example to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is true that we are
called a democracy, for the administration is in the hands of the many and not
of the few.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But while the law secures
equal justice to all alike in their private disputes, the claim of excellence
is also recognized; and when a citizen is in any way distinguished, he is
preferred to the public service, not as a matter of privilege, but as the
reward of merit. pp. 117-118 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">g) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Equality
of Opportunity </b>– Neither is poverty a bar, but a man may benefit his
country whatever be the obscurity of his condition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no exclusiveness in our public life,
and in our private intercourse we are not suspicious of one another, nor angry
with our neighbor if he does what he likes; we do not put on sour looks at him
which, though harmless, are not pleasant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 118 – BC 431 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">h) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freedom
and Duty to Unwritten Laws</b> – While we are thus unconstrained in our private
intercourse, a spirit of reverence pervades our public acts; we are prevented
from doing wrong by respect for authority and for the laws, having an especial
regard to those which are ordained for the protection of the injured as well as
to those unwritten laws which bring upon the transgressor of them the
reprobation of the general sentiment. p.118 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pleasure</b>
– And we have not forgotten to provide for our weary spirits many relaxations
from toil; we have regular games and sacrifices throughout the year; at home
the style of our life is refined; and the delight which we daily feel in all
these things helps to banish melancholy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 118 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">j) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trade</b>
– Because of the greatness of our city the fruits of the whole earth flow in upon
us; so that we enjoy the goods of other countries as freely as of our own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 118 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">k) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Military
Training</b> – Then, again, our military training is in many respects superior
to that of our adversaries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 118 – BC
431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">l) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Open City</b>
– Our city is thrown open to the world, and we never expel a foreigner or
prevent him from seeing or learning anything of which the secret if revealed to
an enemy might profit him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 118 – BC
431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">m) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Education</b>
– And in the matter of education, whereas they from early youth are always
undergoing laborious exercises which are to make them brave, we live at ease,
and yet are equally ready to face the perils which they face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 118 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">n) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Training Methods</b>
– . . . we prefer to meet danger with a light heart but without laborious
training, and with a courage which is gained by habit and not enforced by law,
are we not greatly the gainers? p. 119 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">o) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love of Beauty</b>
– For we are lovers of the beautiful, yet simple in our tastes, and we
cultivate the mind without loss of manliness. p. 119 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">p) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Service</b>
– In doing good, again, we are unlike others; we make our friends by
conferring, not by receiving favors. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We alone do good to our neighbors not upon calculation of interest, but
in the confidence of freedom and in a frank and fearless spirit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 119-120 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">q) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fight for
the City</b> – For we have compelled every land and every sea to open a path
for our valor, and have everywhere planted eternal memorials of our friendship
and of our enmity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such is the city for
whose sake these men nobly fought and died; they could not bear the thought
that she might be taken from them; and every one of us who survive should
gladly toil on her behalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 120 – BC
431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">r) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Love
Athens</b> - . . . fix your eyes upon the greatness of Athens, until you become
filled with the love of her; and when you are impressed by the spectacle of her
glory, reflect that this empire has been acquired by men who knew their duty
and had the courage to do it, who in the hour of conflict had the fear of
dishonor always present to them, and who, if ever they failed in an enterprise,
would not allow their virtues to be lost to their country, but feely gave their
lives to her as the fairest offering which they could present at her
feast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 122 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">53) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Plague</b>
– They had not been there many days when the plague broke out at Athens for the
first time. p. 124 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Doctors Die
</b>– For a while physicians, in ignorance of the nature of the disease, sought
to apply remedies; but it was in vain, and they themselves were among the first
victims, because they oftenest came into contact with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 124 – BC 431<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thucydides
had the Disease</b> – But I shall describe its actual course, and the symptoms
by which any one who knows them beforehand may recognize the disorder should it
ever reappear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For I was myself
attacked, and witnessed the sufferings of others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 125 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Disease Described</b>
– The season was admitted to have been remarkable free from ordinary sickness;
and if anybody was already ill of any other disease, it was absorbed in
this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many who were in perfect health,
all in a moment, and without any apparent reason, were seized with violent
heats in the head and with redness and inflammation of the eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Internally the throat and the tongue were
quickly suffused with blood, and the breath became unnatural and fetid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There followed sneezing and hoarseness; in a
short time the disorder, accompanied by a violent cough, reached the chest; and
then fastening lower down, it would move the stomach and bring on all the
vomits of bile to which physicians have ever given names; and they were very
distressing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An ineffectual retching producing
violent convulsions attacked most of the sufferers; some as soon as the
previous symptoms had abated, others not until long afterwards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The body externally was not so very hot to
the touch, nor yet pale; it was of a livid color inclining to red, and breaking
out in pustules and ulcers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the
internal fever was intense; the sufferers could not bear to have on them even
the finest linen garment; they insisted on being naked, and there was nothing
which they longed for more eagerly than to throw themselves into cold
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And many of those who had no one
to look after them actually plunged into the cisterns, for they were tormented
by unceasing thirst, which wasn’t in the least assuaged whether they drank
little or much. They could not sleep; a restlessness which was intolerable
never left them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the disease was
at its height the body, instead of wasting away, held out amid these sufferings
in a marvelous manner, and either they died on the seventh or ninth day, not of
weakness, for their strength was not exhausted, but of internal fever, which
was the end of most; or, if they survived, then the disease descended into the
bowels and there produced violent ulceration; severe diarrhea at the same time <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>set in, and at a later stage caused
exhaustion, which final with few exceptions carried them off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the disorder which had originally settled
in the head passed gradually through the whole body, and, if a person got over
the worst, would often seize the extremities and leave its mark, attacking the
privy parts and the fingers and the toes; and some escaped with the loss of
these some with the loss of their eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some again had no sooner recovered than they were seized with a forgetfulness
of all things and knew neither themselves nor their friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 125-126 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Birds and Dogs
Die</b> – The malady took a form not to be described, and the fury with which it
fastened upon each sufferer was too much for human nature to endure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was one circumstance in particular
which distinguished it from ordinary diseases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The birds and animals which feed on human flesh although so many bodies
were lying unburied, either never came near them or died if they touched
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was proved by a remarkable
disappearance of the birds of prey, who were not to be seen either about the
bodies or anywhere else; while in the case of the dogs the fact was even more
obvious because they live with man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
126 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">No One Got
It Twice</b> – But whatever instances there may have been of such devotion,
more often the sick and the dying were tended by the pitying care of those who
had recovered, because they knew the course the disease and were themselves
free from apprehension.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For no one was
ever attacked a second time, or not with a fatal result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All men congratulated them, and they
themselves, in the excess of their joy at the moment, had an innocent fancy
that they could not die of any other sickness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 127 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Law, Human and Divine, Ignored – </b>The temples
in which they lodged were full of the corpses of those who died in the; for the
violence of the calamity was such that men, not knowing where to turn, grew
reckless of all law, human and divine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
128 – BC 430<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">g) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lawless</b> – There were other and worse forms
of lawlessness which the plague introduced to Athens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men who had hitherto concealed their
indulgence in pleasure now grew bolder. For, seeing the sudden change, – how
the rich died in a moment, and those who had nothing immediately inherited their
property, – they reflected that life and riches were alike transitory, and they
resolved to enjoy themselves while they could, and to think only of
pleasure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who would be willing to sacrifice
himself to the law of honor when he knew not whether he would ever live to be
held in honor and of expedience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No fear
of God or law of man deterred a criminal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 128 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">h) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Religion Out</b>
– Those who saw all perishing alike, thought that the worship or neglect of the
Gods made no difference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For offences against
human law no punishment was to be feared; no one would live long enough to be
called to account.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Already a far heavier
sentence had been passed and was hanging over a man’s head; before that fell,
why should he not take a little pleasure?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 128 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Prophesy Fulfilled</b>
– The answer of the oracle to the Lacedaemonians when the God was asked
‘whether they should go to war or not,’ and he replied ‘that if they fought
with al ltheir might, they would conquer, and that he himself would take their
part,’ was not forgotten by those who had heard of it and they quite imagined
that they were witnessing the fulfilment of his words.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 129 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blame on
Pericles </b>– They blamed Pericles<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>because
he had persuaded them to go to war, declaring that he was the author of their
troubles; and they were anxious to come to terms with the Lacedaemonians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 130 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pericles
Last Speech</b> – At this assembly he came forward and spoke as follows: – <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Never Give
Up</b> – Nevertheless, being the citizens of a great city and educated in a
temper of greatness, you should not succumb to calamities however overwhelming,
or darken the luster of your fame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
133-134 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Masters of
the Sea</b> – You think that your empire is confined to your allies, but I say
that of the two divisions of the world accessible to man, the land and the sea,
there is one of which you are absolute masters, and have, or may have, the
dominion to any extent which you please.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Neither the great King nor any nation on earth can hinder a navy like
yours for penetrating whithersoever you choose to sail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 133 – BC 430 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freedom </b>–<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . and you may be sure that if we cling to
our freedom and preserve that, we shall soon enough recover all the rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, if we are the servants of others, we
shall be sure to lose not only freedom, but all that freedom gives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 133 – BC 430 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>War Based on Reason</b> – Any coward or
fortunate fool may brag and vaunt, but he only is capable of disdain whose
conviction that he is stronger than his enemy rests, like our own, on
reason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 134 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Glory Takes
Work</b> – Once more, you are bound to maintain the imperial dignity of your
city in which you all take pride; for you should not covet the glory unless you
will endure the toil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 134 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tyranny of
Empire</b> – Neither can you resign your power, if, at this crisis, any
timorous or inactive spirit is for thus playing the honest man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For by this time your empire has become a
tyranny which in the opinion of mankind may have been unjustly gained, but
which cannot be safely surrendered. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
134 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">g) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Don’t Blame
Me</b> – You must not be led away by the advice of such citizens as these, nor
be angry with me; for the resolution in favor of war was your own as much as
mine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What if the enemy has come and
done what he was certain to do when you refused to yield? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What too if the plague followed?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was an unexpected blow, but we might
have foreseen all the rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am well
aware that your hatred of me is aggravated by it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But how unjustly, unless to me you also
ascribe the credit of any extraordinary success which may befall you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 134-135 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">h) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fickleness
of the Masses</b> – The popular indignation was not pacified until they had
fined Pericles; but, soon afterwards, with the usual fickleness of the
multitude, they elected hi general and committed all their affairs to his
charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 136 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The death of Pericles</b> – He survived the commencement of hostilities
two years and six months; p. 136 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Winning and Losing</b> - . . . he had told
the Athenians that if they would be patient and would attend to their navy, and
not seek to enlarge their dominion while the war was going on, nor imperil the
existence of the city, they would be victorious; but they did all that he told
them not to do, and in matters which seemingly had nothing to do with the war
from motives of private ambition and private interest they adopted a policy
which had disastrous effect in respect both of themselves and of their allies;
their measures, had they been successful would only have brought honor and
profit to individuals, and, when unsuccessful, crippled the city in the conduct
of the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 136 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pericles Greatness</b> – The reason of the
difference was that he, deriving authority from his capacity and acknowledged
worth, being also a man of transparent integrity, was able to control the
multitude in a free spirit; he led them rather than was led by them; for, not
seeking power by dishonest arts, he had no need to say pleasant things but, on
the strength of his own high character, could venture to oppose and even to
anger them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he saw them unreasonably
elated and arrogant, his words humbled and awed them; and, when they were
depressed by groundless fears, he sought to reanimate their confidence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus Athens, though still in name a
democracy, was in fact ruled by her greatest citizen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 137 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Successor’s Failure</b> – But his
[Pericles] successors were more on an equality with one another, and each one
struggling to be first himself, they were ready to sacrifice the whole conduct
of affairs to the whims of the people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Such weakness in a great and imperial city led to many errors, of which
the greatest was the Sicilian expedition; not that the Athenians miscalculated
their enemy’s power, but they themselves, instead of consulting for the
interests of the expedition which they had sent out, were occupied in
intriguing against one another for the leadership of the democracy, and who not
only grew remiss in the management of the army, but became embroiled, for the
first time, in civil strife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 137 – BC
430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">*59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Defeated, How Athens Lost, Persia Involvement
</b>– And yet after they had lost in the Sicilian expedition the greater part
of their fleet and army, and were distracted by revolution at home still they
held out three years not only against their former enemies, but against the
Sicilians who had combined with them, and against most of their own allies who
had combined with them, and against most of their own allies who had risen in
revolt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even when Cyrus the son of the
King joined in the war and supplied the Peloponnesian fleet with money, they
continued to resist, and were at last overthrown, not by their enemies, but by
themselves and their own internal dissensions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 137 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War Crimes – </b>On the very day of their
arrival the Athenians, fearing that Aristeus, who they considered to be the
cause of all their troubles at Potidaea and in Chalcidice, would do them still
further mischief if he escaped, put them all to death without trial and without
hearing what they wanted to say; they then threw their bodies down a
precipice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They considered that they had
a right to retaliate on the Lacedaemonians, wo had begun by treating in the
same way the traders of the Athenians and their allies when they caught their
vessels off the coast of Peloponnesus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For at the commencement of the war, all whom the Lacedaemonians captured
at sea were treated by them as enemies and indiscriminately slaughtered,
whether they were allies of the Athenians or neutrals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 139 – BC 430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
III</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">,
pages 169 – 245<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mitylenaeans
Debate Alliance with Athens</b> – Since an alliance is our object, we will
first address ourselves to the question of justice and honors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We know that no friendship between man and
man, no league between city and city, can ever be permanent unless the friends
or allies have a good opinion of each other’s honesty, and are similar in
general character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the diversity in
men’s minds makes the difference in their actions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 173 – BC 428<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mitylenaean’s
Alliance Conditional, Things Changed</b> – But we were never the allies of the
Athenians in their design for subjugating Hellas; we were really the allies of
the Hellenes, whom we sought to liberate from the Persian . . . What trust then
could we repose in such a friendship or such a freedom as this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The civility which we showed to one another
was at variance with our real feelings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They courted us in time of war because they were afraid of us, and we in
time of peace paid a like attention to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And the faith which is generally assured by mutual good-will had with us
no other bound but mutual fear; for fear, and not for love, we were constrained
to maintain the alliance, and whichever of us first thought that he could
safely venture would assuredly have been the first to break it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
174-175 – BC 428 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Preemptive War; First Strike Justification</b>
– And therefore if any one imagines that we do wrong in striking first, because
they delay the blow which we dread, and thinks thatwe should wait and make
quite sure of their intentions, he is mistaken.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If we are on an equality with them, and in a position to counteract
their designs and imitate their threatening attitude, how is it consistent with
this equality that we must still be to their mercy?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The power of attack is always in their hands,
and the power of anticipating attack should always be in ours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 175 – BC 428<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Show of Strength; the Metics Fight.</b> – They
manned a hundred ships, in which they embarked, both metics and citizens, all
but the highest class and the Knights: they then set sail, and, after
displaying their strength along the shores of the Isthmus, made descents upon
the Peloponnesian coast wherever they pleased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 178 – BC 428<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Athenian Fleet</b> – At the time when
the fleet was at sea, the Athenians had the largest number of ships which they
ever had all together, effective and in good trim, although the mere number was
as large or even large at the commencement of the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For then there were a hundred which guarded Attica,
Euboea, and Salamis, and another hundred which were cruising off Peloponnesus,
not including the ships employed in blockading Potidaea and at other places; so
that in one and the same summer their fleet in all numbered two hundred and
fifty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 178 – BC 428<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hoplites Row the Boats</b> – So about the
beginning of autumn they sent to Mitylene, under the command of Paches the son
of Epicurus, a thousand Athenian hoplites who handled the oars themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 179 – BC 428 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Using Math to Prepare for Battle</b> – They
[Athenians] first made ladders equal in length to the height of the enemy’s
wall, which they calculated by help of the layers of bricks on the side facing
the town, at a place where the wall had accidentally not been plastered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A great many counted at once, and, although
some might make mistakes the calculation would be oftener right than wrong; for
they repeated the process again and again, and, the distance not being great,
they could see the wall distinctly enough for their purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this manner they ascertained the proper length
of the ladders, taking as a measure the thickness of the bricks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 180 – BC 428<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Commons Revolt Once Armed.</b> – Salaethus
himself began to despair of the arrival of the ships, and therefore he put into
the hands of the common people (who had hitherto been light-armed) shields and
spears, intending to lead them out against the Athenians. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, having once received arms, they would no
longer obey their leaders; they gathered into knots and insisted that the
nobles should bring out the corn and let all share alike; if not, they would
themselves negotiate with the Athenians and surrender. p. 185 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">General’s Key to Success</b> – The danger
should not deter us; for we should consider that the execution of a military
surprise is always dangerous, and that the general who is never taken off his
guard himself, and never loses an opportunity of striking at an unguarded foe,
will be most likely to succeed in war. p. 186 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mitylenaeans to Be Killed</b> – Concerning
the other captives a discussion was held, and in their indignation the Athenian
determined to put to death not only the men then at Athens, but all the
grown-up citizens of Mitylene, and to enslave the women and children; the act
of the Mitylenaeans appeared inexcusable, because they were not subjects like
the other states which had revolted but free. p. 189 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Remorse about Mitylenaeans</b> – But on the
following day a kind of remorse seized them; they began to reflect that a
decree which doomed to destruction not only the guilty, but a whole city, was
cruel and monstrous. p. 189 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleon’s Speech Calling for the Death of the
Mitylenaeans</b> – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . Cleon the son
of Cleaenetus had carried the decree condemning the Mitylenaeans to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . he came forward a second time and spoke
as follows: –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have remarked again and
again that a democracy cannot manage an empire, but never more than now, when I
see you regretting your condemnation of the Mitylenaeans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having no fear or suspicion of one another in
daily life, you deal with your allies upon the same principle, and you do not
consider that whenever you yield to them out of pity or are misled by their
specious tales, you are guilty of a weakness dangerous to yourselves, and receive
no thanks from them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You should remember
that your empire is a despotism exercised over unwilling subjects, who are
always conspiring against you; they do not obey in return for any kindness
which you do them to your own injury, but in so far as you are their master;
they have no love of you, but they are held down by force.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Besides, what can be more detestable than to
be perpetually changing our minds?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We forget
that a state is which the laws, though imperfect, are unalterable, is better
off than one in which the laws are good but powerless. p. 190 – BC 427 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleon Warns of the Dangers of Persuasive Speakers</b>
– In such rhetorical contests the city gives away the prizes to others, while
she takes the risk upon herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And you
are to blame, for you order these contests amiss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When speeches are to be heard, you are too
fond of using your eyes, but, where actions are concerned you trust your ears;
you estimate the possibility of future enterprises from the eloquence of an
orator but as to accomplished facts, instead, of accepting ocular
demonstration, you believe only what ingenious critics tell you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No men are better dupes, sooner deceived by
novel notions or slower to follow approved advice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You despise what is familiar while you are
worshippers of every new extravagance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 191 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Despise v Respect (Cleon) – </b>Yet it is
not too late to punish them as their crimes deserve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And do not absolve the people while you
throw the blame upon the nobles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
they were all of one mind when were attacked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Had the people deserted the nobles and come over to us, they might at
this moment have been reinstated in their city; but they considered that their
safety lay in sharing the dangers of the oligarchy, and therefore they joined
in the revolt. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 193 – BC 427 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stick to Your Decisions (Cleon)</b> – This
was my original contention, and I will maintain that you should abide by your
former decision and not be misled either by pity, or by the charm of words, or
by a too forgiving temper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are no
three things more prejudicial to your power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mercy should be reserved for the merciful, and not thrown away upon
those who will have no compassion on us, and who must by the force of
circumstance always be our enemies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
193-194 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Just & Expedient (Cleon)</b> – In one
word, if you do as I say you will do what is just to the Mitylenaeans, and also
what is expedient for yourselves; but if you take the opposite course, they will
not be grateful to you, and you will be self-condemned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For, if they were right in revolting, you
must be wrong in maintaining your empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But if, right or wrong, you are resolved to rule, then rightly or
wrongly they must be chastised for your good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Otherwise you must give up your empire, and, when virtue is no longer
dangerous, you may be as virtuous as you please.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 194 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diodotus Speech in Defense of the
Mitylenaeans</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">and of Debate</b> –
Such were the words of Cleon: and after him Diodotus the son of Eucrates, who
in the previous assembly had been the chief opponent of the decree which
condemned the Mitylenaeans, came forward again and spoke as follows:– I am far
from blaming those who invite us to reconsider our sentence upon the
Mitylenaeans, nor do I approve of the censure which has been cast on the
practice of deliberating more than once about matters so critical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 195 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Two Things Adverse to Good Council, Haste
and Passion (Diodotus) </b>– In my opinion the two things most adverse to good
counsel are haste and passion; the former is generally a mark of folly, the
latter of vulgarity and narrowness of mine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When a man insists that words ought not to be our guides in action, he
is either wanting in sense or wanting in honesty: he is wanting in sense if he
does not see that there is no other way in which we can throw light on the
unknown future; and he is not honest if, seeking to carry a discreditable
measure, and knowing that he cannot speak well in a bad cause, he reflects that
he can slander well and terrify his opponents and his audience by the
audaciousness of his calumnies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 195 –
BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evil Power of Slander (Diodotus)</b> –
Worst of all are those who, besides other topics of abuse declare that their
opponent is hired to make an eloquent speech.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If they accuse him of stupidity only, when he failed in producing an
impression he might go his way having lost his reputation for sense but not for
honesty; whereas he who is accused of dishonesty, even if he succeed, is viewed
with suspicion, and, if he fall, is thought to be both fool and rogue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 195-196 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">80<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Argument Not Accusation and Slander - Suspicion (Diodotus)</b> – It
has come to this, that the best advice when offered in plain terms is as much
distrusted as the worst; and not only he who wishes to lead the multitude into
the most dangerous cause must deceive them, but he who speaks in the cause of
right must make himself believed by lying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In this city, and in this city only, to do good openly and without
deception is impossible, because you are too clever; and, when a man confers an
unmistakable benefit on you, he is rewarded by a suspicion that, in some underhand
manner, he gets more than he gives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
196 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Responsible of Those in the Know (Diodotus)</b>
– But, whatever you may suspect, when great interests are at stake, we who
advise ought to look further and weigh our words more carefully than you whose
vision is limited.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And you should
remember that we are accountable for our advice to you, but you who listen are
accountable to nobody.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 196 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Our Interests; Justice and Expedience
(Diodotus)</b> – I do not come forward either as an advocate of the
Mitylenaeans or as their accuser; the question for us rightly considered is
not; what are their crimes? but, what is for our interest?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 197 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">82a. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diodotus Speaks for Sparing the
Mitylenaeans (Diodotus) </b>– If I prove them ever so guilty, I will not on
that account bid you put them to death, unless it be clearly for the good of
the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For I conceive that we are
now concerned, not with the present, but with the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Cleon insists that the infliction of
death will be expedient and will secure you against revolt in time to come, I,
like him taking the ground of future expedience, stoutly maintain the contrary
position; and I would not have you be misled by the apparent fairness of his
proposal, and reject the solid advantage of mine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You are very angry with the Mitylenaeans, and
the superior justice of this argument may for the moment attract you; but we
are not at law with them, and do not want to be told what is just; we are
considering a matter of policy, and desire to know how we can turn them to
account.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 197 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Death Penalty Not a Deterrent (Diodotus</b>)
– All are by nature prone to err both in public and in private life, and no law
will prevent them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men have gone through
the whole catalogue of penalties in the hope that, but increasing their
severity, they may suffer less at the hands of evil-doers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In early ages the punishment, even of the
worst offences would naturally be milder; but as time went on and mankind
continued to transgress, they seldom stopped short of death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And still there are transgressors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some greater terror than has yet to be
discovered; certainly, death deters nobody.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>. . . In a word then, it is impossible, and simply absurd to suppose,
that human nature when bent upon some favorite project can be restrained either
by the power of law or by any other terror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 197-198 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Give Them a Way Out or They Will Never Give
in. (Diodotus) </b>– We ought not therefore to act hastily out of a mistaken
reliance on the security which the penalty of death affords.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor should we drive our rebellious subjects
to despair; they must not think that there is no place for repentance, or that
they may not at any moment wipe out their offense. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 198 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Allowing Repentance More Expedient
(Diodotus) </b>– Consider: at present, although a city may actually have
revolted, when she becomes conscious of her weakness she will capitulate while
still able to defray the cost of the war and to pay tribute for the future; but
if we are too severe, will not the citizen make better preparations, and, when
besieged, resist to the last, knowing that it is all the same whether they come
to terms early or late? pp. 198-199 – BC 427<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Better Way Than Severity (Diodotus)</b> –
Do not hope to find a safeguard in the severity of your laws, but only in the
vigilance of your administration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
present we do just the opposite; a free people under a strong government will
always revolt in the hope of independence; and when we have put them down we
think that they cannot be punished too severely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But instead of inflicting extreme penalties
on free men who revolt, we should practice extreme vigilance before they
revolt, and never allow such a thought to enter their minds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When however they have been once put down we
ought to extenuate their crimes as much as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>p. 199 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mercy Better Than Justice (Diodotus)</b> –
But if you destroy the people of Mitylene who took no part in the revolt, and who
voluntarily surrendered the city as soon as they got arms into their hands; in
the first place they were your benefactors, and to slay them would be a crime;
in the second place you will play into the hands of the ruling oligarchies, who
henceforward, when they can induce a city to revolt, will at once have the people
on their side; for you will have proclaimed to all that the innocent and the
guilty will share the same fate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if
they were guilty you should wink at their conduct, and not allow the only
friends whom you have left to be converted into enemies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Far more conducive to the maintenance of our
empire would it be to suffer wrong willingly, then for the sake of justice to
put to death those whom we had better spare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cleon may speak of a punishment which is just and also expedient, but
you will find that, in any proposal like his, the two cannot be combined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 199-200 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Plataeans Seek Justice from Sparta</b>
– Men of Lacedaemon, we surrendered our city because we had confidence in you;
we were under the impression that the trial to which we submitted would be
legal, and of a very different kind from this; and when we accepted you and you
alone to be our judges which indeed you are, we thought that at your hands we
had the best hope of obtaining justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But we fear that we are doubly mistaken, having too much reason to
suspect that in this trial our lives are at stake and that you will turn out to
be partial judges. p. 203 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Plataeans’ Defense – </b>During the
late peace and in the Persian War our conduct was irreproachable; we were not
the first to violate the peace, and we were the only Boeotian who took part in
the repelling the Persian invader and in the liberation of Hellas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although we are an inland city,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>we joined in the sea-fight of Artemisium; we
were at your side when you fought in our land under Pausanias, and, whatever
dangers the Hellenes underwent in those days, we took a share beyond our
strength in all of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 204 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Plataeans Appeal to the Law of Arms</b>
– Before you pass judgment, consider that we surrendered ourselves, and
stretched out our hands to you; the custom of Hellas does not allow the
suppliant to be put to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 207 –
BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reasons for Mercy </b>– These things O
Lacedaemonians,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would not be for your
honour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would be an offence
against the common feeling of Hellas and against your ancestors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You should be ashamed to put us to death, who
are your benefactors and have never done you any wrong, in order that you may
gratify the enmity of another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spare us,
and let your heart be softened toward us; be wise, and have mercy upon us,
considering not only how terrible will be our fate, but who the sufferers are;
think to of the uncertainty of fortune, which may strike any one however
innocent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 207 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Theban Excuse for Siding with Persia</b> –
The rulers of the state, hopping to strengthen their private interest if the
Persians won, kept the people down and brought him in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The city at large, when she acted thus, was
not her own mistress; and she cannot be fairly blamed for and error which she
committed when she had no constitution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 209 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Theban Condemnation of the Plataeans</b> – Do
not let your hearts be softened by tales about their ancient virtues, if they
ever had any; such virtues might plead for the injured but should bring a
double penalty on the authors of a base deed, because they are false to their
own character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 213 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Murder of the Plataeans</b> – They put to
death not less than two hundred Plataeans, as well as twenty-five Athenians who
had shared with them in the siege; and made slaves of the women. p. 214 – BC
427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Murder in the Senate</b> – The culprits,
knowing that the law was against them, and perceiving that Peithias as long as
he remained in the senate would try to induce the people to make an alliance
offensive and defensive with Athens, conspired together, and , rushing into the
council chamber with daggers in their hands, slew him and others to the number
of sixty, as well private persons as senators.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 216 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evils of Revolution – Murder of Prisoners</b>
– Eurymedon after his arrival remained with his sixty ships, the Corcyraens
continued slaughtering those of their fellow-citizens whom they deemed their
enemies; the professed to punish them for their designs against the democracy,
but in fact some were killed for motives of personal enmity, and some because
money was owing to them, by the hand of their debtors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every form of death was to be seen, and
everything, and more than everything that commonly happens in revolutions,
happened then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The father slew the son,
and the suppliants were torn from the temples, and slain near them; some of
them were even walled up in the temple of Dionysus, and there perished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To such extremes of cruelty did revolution
go; and this seemed to be the worst of revolutions, because it was the first.
p. 221 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Calamities of War, Evils of Revolution</b>
– And revolution brought upon the cities of Hellas many terrible calamities,
such as have been and always will be while human nature remains the same but
which are more or less aggravated and differ in character with every new
combination of circumstances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In peace
and prosperity both states and individuals are actuated by higher motives,
because they do not fall under the dominion of imperious necessities; but war
which takes away the comfortable provision of daily life is a hard master, and
tends to assimilate men’s characters to their conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 222 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Changing the Meaning of Words</b> – The
meaning of words had no longer the same relation to things, but was changed by
them as they thought proper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reckless
daring was held to be loyal courage; prudent delay was the excuse of a coward;
moderation was the disguise of unmanly weakness; to know everything was to do
nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frantic energy was the true
quality of a man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . The seal of good
faith was not divine law, but fellowship in crime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . Revenge was dearer than
self-preservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any agreements sworn
to by either party, when they could do nothing else, were binding as long as
both were powerless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In general the dishonest more easily gain
credit for cleverness than the simple for goodness; men take a pride in the
one, but are ashamed of the other. pp. 222 – 223 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Party” and Love of Power, the Cause of
Evil</b> – The cause of all these evils was the love of power, originating in
avarice and ambition, and the party-spirit which is engendered by them when men
are fairly embarked in a contest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
the leaders of either side used specious names, the one party professing to
uphold the constitutional equality of the many, the other the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wisdom of the aristocracy, while them made
the public interests, to which in name they were devoted, in reality their
prize. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Striving in every way to overcome
each other, they committed the most monstrous crimes; yet even these were surpassed
by the magnitude of their revenges which they pursued to the very utmost,
neither party observing any definite limits either of justice or public
expediency, but both alike making the caprice of the moment their law. p. 223 –
BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Inferior Intellects Succeeded Best</b> –
Inferior intellects general succeeded best.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For, aware of their own deficiencies, and fearing the capacity of their
opponents, for whom they were no match in powers of speech, and whose subtle
wit were likely to anticipate them in contriving evil, they struck boldly and
at once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 224 – BC 427 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Covetousness and Enmity – Socialism and
Blind Hate</b> – There were the dishonest designs of others who were longing to
be relieved form their habitual poverty, and were naturally animated by a
passionate desire of their neighbor’s goods; and there were crimes of another
class which men commit, not from covetousness, but from the enmity with equals
foster toward one another until they are carried away by their blind rage into
the extremes of pitiless cruelty. p. 224 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sicilian City Calls for Athenian Help</b> –
The Leontines and their allies sent to Athens, and on the ground, partly of an
old alliance, partly of their Ionian descent, begged the Athenians to send them
ships, for they were driven off both sea and land by their Syracusan enemies.
p. 226 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Impact of the Plague</b> – In the following
winter the plague, which had never entirely disappeared, although abating for a
time, again attacked the Athenians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
continued on this second occasion not less than a year, having previously
lasted for two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the power of
Athens certainly nothing was more ruinous; not less than four thousand four
hundred Athenian hoplites who were on the roll died, and also three hundred
horsemen, and an incalculable number of common people. p. 226 – BC 427<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Melos</b> – They also sent sixty ships and
two thousand hoplites to Melos, under the command of Nicias, the son of
Niceratus, wishing to subdue the Melians, who, although they were islanders,
resisted them and would not join their alliance. p. 228 – BC 426<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
IV</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">,
pages 246-337<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">105. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Preemptive War</b> – The Syracusans took
part in this affair chiefly because they saw that Messene was the key to
Sicily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were afraid that the
Athenians would one day establish themselves there and come and attack them
with a larger force. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>p. 246 – BC 425<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">106. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">To Keep Them Busy – the Soldiers Build a
Fort</b> – The weather was unfit for sailing; he was therefore compelled to
remain doing nothing; until at length the soldiers, who were standing about
idle, were themselves seized with a desire to fortify the place forthwith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So they put their hands to the work; and,
being un-provided with iron tools, brought stones which they picked out and put
them together as they happened to fit; if they required to use mortar, having
no hods, they carried it on their backs which they bent so as to form a
resting-place for it, clasping their hands behind them that it might not fall
off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By every means in their power they
hurried on the weaker points, wanting to finish them before the Lacedaemonians
arrived. p. 248 – BC 425<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Athenian – v – Lacedaemonian Military
Excellence</b> – For in those days it was the great glory of the Lacedaemonians
to be an inland people distinguished for their military prowess, and of the
Athenians to be a nation of sailors and the first naval power in Hellas. p. 253
– BC 425<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sparta Offers Peace, the Chances of War</b>
– We were neither stronger nor weaker than before, but we erred in judgment,
and to such errors all men are liable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Therefore you should not suppose that, because your city and your empire
are powerful at this moment, you will always have fortune on your side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wise ensure their own safety by not
making too sure of their gains, and when disasters come they can tell better
where they are; they know that war will go on its way whithersoever chance may
lead, and will not be bound by the rules which he who begins to meddle with it
would fain prescribe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They of all men
will be least likely to meet with reverses, because they are not puffed up with
military success, and they will be most inclined to end the struggle in the
hour of victory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be for your
honour, Athenians, to act thus toward us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And then the victories which you have gained already cannot be attributed
to mere luck; as they certainly will be if, rejecting our prayer, you should
hereafter encounter disasters, a thing which is not unlikely to happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you may if you will leave to posterity a
reputation for power and wisdom which no danger can affect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Lacedemonians invite you to make terms
with them and to finish the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
offer peace and alliance and a gereral friendly and happy relation, and they
ask in return their countrymen who are cut off in the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 257-258 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fruits of Peace</b> – If you decide for
peace, you may assure yourselves the lasting friendship of the Lacedaemonians
freely offered by them, you on your part employing no force but kindness
only.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consider the great advantages
which such a friendship will yield.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
you and we are at one, you may be certain that the rest of Hellas, which is
less powerful than we, will pay to both of us the greatest deference. P. 259 –
BC 425<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleon’s Evil Advice Kills the Peace</b> –
This proposal was assailed by Cleon in unmeasured language: he had always know,
he said, that they meant no good, and now their designs were unveiled; for they
were unwilling to speak a word before the people, but wanted to be closeted
with a select few; if they had any honesty in them, let them say what they wanted
to the whole city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the
Lacedaemonians knew that, although they might be willing to make concessions
under the pressure of their calamities, they could not speak openly before the
assembly, (for if they spoke and did not succeed, the terms which they offered
might injure them in the opinion of their allies); they saw too that the
Athenians would not grant what was asked of them on any tolerable
conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, after a fruitless
negotiation, they returned home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 260
– BC 425<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">111. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danger of “Guerilla War” </b>- . . . he
feared that the nature of the country would give the enemy an advantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For, however large the force with which he
landed, the Lacedaemonians might attack him from some place of ambush and do
him much injury.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their mistakes and the
character of their forces would be concealed by the wood; whereas all the
errors made by his own army would be palpable, and so the enemy, with whom the
power of attack would rest, might come upon them suddenly wherever they liked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 266 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">112. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowers (Oarsmen) Also Soldiers, Not Slaves!
</b>– When the dawn appeared, the rest of the army began to disembark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were the crews of rather more than
seventy ships, including all but the lowest rank of rowers, variously equipped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 268 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Value of Missile Weapons </b>– The Athenian
hoplites were right in front, and the Lacedaemonians advanced against them,
wanting to come to close quarters; but having light-armed adversary’s both on
their flank and rear, they could not get at them or profit by their own
military skill, for they were impeded by a shower of missiles from both sides. p.
269 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thermopylae All Over Again – To Compare
Small Things with Great </b>- . . . he [the Messenian General] and his men with
great difficulty got round unseen and suddenly appeared in the rear, striking
panic into the astonished enemy and redoubling the courage of his own friends
who were watching for his reappearance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Lacedaemonians were now assailed on both sides, and to compare a
smaller thing to a greater were in the same case with their own countrymen at
Thermopylae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 271 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">115. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spartan Surrender</b> – The Lacedaemonians
bid you act as you think best, but you are not to dishonor yourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where upon they consulted together, and then
gave up themselves and their arms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 272
– BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleon Fulfills His Promise</b> – And the
mad promise of Cleon was fulfilled; for he did bring back the prisoners within
twenty days as he had said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 273 – BC
425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Corcyraeans Murder the Oligarchs</b> –
The Corcyraeans took the prisoners and shut them up in a large building; then
leading them out in bands of twenty at a time, they made them pass between two
files of armed men; they were bound to one another and stuck and pierced by the
men on each side, whenever anyone saw among them an enemy of his own; and there
were men with whips, who accompanied them to the palace of execution and quickened
the steps of those who lingered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this
manner they brought the prisoners out of the building, and slew them to the number
of sixty undiscovered by the rest, who thought they were taking them away to
some other place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . The prisoners sought
to shelter themselves as they best could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most of them at the same time put an end to their own lives’ some thrust
into their throats arrows which were shot at them, others strangled themselves
with cords taken from beds which they found in the place, or with strips which
they tore from their own garments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
went on during the greater part of the night, which had closed upon their sufferings,
until in one way or another, either by their own hand or by missiles hurled
form above, they all perished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
277-278 – BC 425 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">118. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why War</b> – You will know, and therefore
I shall not rehearse to you at length, all the misery of war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody is compelled to go to war by
ignorance, and no one who thinks that he will gain anything from it is deterred
by fear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The truth is that the aggressor
deems the advantage to be greater than the suffering; and the side which is
attacked wild sooner run any risk than suffer the smallest immediate loss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 283-284 – BC 424<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why Don’t We Make Peace?</b> – And why, if
peace is acknowledged by all to be the greatest of blessings, should we not
make peace among ourselves?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 285-286
– BC 424 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Revenge Not Good, No Guarantee of Victory</b>
– For he knows that many a man before now who has sought a righteous revenge,
far from obtaining it, has not even escaped himself; and many an one who in the
consciousness of power has grasped at what was another’s, has ended by losing
what was his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The revenge of the
wrong is not always successful merely because it is just; nor is strength most
assured of victory when it is most full of hope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 286 – BC 424 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fortune Beyond Control</b> – Nor am I so
obstinate and foolish as to imagine that, because I am master of my own will, I
can control fortune, of whom I am not master; but I am disposed to make
reasonable concessions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Hermocrates) p.
287 – BC 424<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Generals Punished for Making Peace</b> –
The cities in alliance with Athens sent for the Athenian generals and told them
that a treaty was about to be made in which they might join if they
pleased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They assented; the treaty was
concluded; and the Athenian ships sailed away from Sicily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the generals returned the Athenians
punished two of the, Pythodorus and Sophocles, with exile, and imposed a fine
on the third, Eurymedon, believing that they might have conquered Sicily but
had been bribed to go way. Pp. 287-288 – BC 424 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">123. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Brasidas to the Men of Acanthus, Liberty Against
One’s Will (Not a bad speaker, for a Spartan.)</b> – Men of Acanthus, the
Lacedaemonians have sent me out at the head of this army to justify the
declaration which we made at the beginning of the war—that we were going to
fight against the Athenians for the liberties of Hellas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . We Lacedaemonians thought that we were
coming to those who even before we came in act were our allies in spirit, and
would joyfully receive us; having this hope we have braved the greatest
dangers, marching for many days through a foreign country, and have shown the
utmost zeal in your cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now, for
you to be of another mind and to set yourselves against the liberties of your
own city and of all Hellas would be monstrous!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The evil is not only that your resist me yourselves, but wherever I go
people will be less likely to join me; they will be offended when they hear
that you to whom I first came, representing a powerful city and reputed to be
men of sense, did not receive me, and I shall not be able to give a
satisfactory explanation, but shall have to confess either that I offer a
spurious liberty, or that I am weak and incapable of protecting you against the
threatened attack of the Athenians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. .
. For I am not come hither to be the tool of a faction; nor do I conceive that
the liberty which I bring you is of an ambiguous character; I should forget the
spirit of my country were I to enslave the many to the few, or the minority to
the whole people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such a tyranny would
be worse than the dominion of the foreigner, and we Lacedaemonians should
receive no thanks in return for our trouble, but instead of honour and
reputation only reproach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We should lay
ourselves open to charges far more detestable that those which are our best
weapons against the Athenians, who have never been great examples of
virtue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . But if you plead that you
cannot accept the proposal which I offer, and insist that you ought not to
suffer the rejection of them because you are our friends; If you are of opinion
that liberty is perilous and should not in justice be forced upon any one, but
gently brought to those who are to receive it,--I shall first call the Gods and
heroes of the country to witness that I have come hither for you good, and that
you would not be persuaded by me: I shall then use force and ravage you country
without any more scruple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . On any
other ground we should certainly be wrong in taking such a step; it is only for
the sake of the general weal that we Lacedaemonians have any right to be
forcing liberty upon those who would rather not have it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 303-304 – BC 424 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">124. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why the Barbarians Are Ineffectual Soldiers
(Need for Discipline)</b> – When every man is his own master in battle he will
readily find a decent excuse for saving himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They clearly think that to frighten us at a
safe distance is a better plan than to meet us hand to hand’ else why do they
shout instead of fighting?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You may
easily see that all the terrors with which you have invested them are in
reality nothing; they do but startle the sense of sight and hearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you repel their tumultuous onset, and,
when opportunity offers, withdraw again in good order, keeping your ranks you
will sooner arrive at place of safety, and will also learn the lesson that mobs
like these, if an adversary withstand their first attack, do but threaten at a
distance and make a flourish of valor, although if he yield to them they are
quick enough to show their courage in following at his heels when there is no
danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Brasidas) p. 331 – BC 423 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
V</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">,
pages 338-407 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">125. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Choose Freedom or Slavery</b> – To-day you
have to choose between freedom and slavery; between the name of Lacedaemonian
allies, which you will deserve if you are brave, and of servants of
Athens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For even if you should be so
fortunate as to escape bonds or death, servitude will be your lot, a servitude
more cruel than hitherto; and what is more, you will be an impediment to the
liberation of the other Hellenes. p. 344 – BC 422<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">126. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleon and Brasidas Die in a Day</b> –
Brasidas was going on to the right wing when he was wounded, the Athenians did
not observe his fall, and those about him carried him off the field. . . . Cleon
indeed, who had never intended to remain, fled at once, and was overtaken and
slain by a Myrcinian targeteer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . Brasidas
was carried safely by his followers out of the battle into the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was still alive, and knew that his army
had conquered, but soon afterwards he died. pp. 345-346 – BC 422<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">127. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Both Sides Want Peace</b> – Both alike were
bent on peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Athenians had been
beaten at Delium, and shortly afterwards at Amphipolis; and so they had lost
that confidence in their own strength which had indisposed them to treat at a
time when temporary success seemed to make their final triumph certain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . The Lacedaemonians on the other hand
inclined to peace because the course of the war had disappointed their
expectations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a time when they
fancied that, if they only devastated Attica, they would crush the power of
Athens within a few years; and yet they had received a blow at Sphacteria such
as Sparta had never experienced until then; their country was continually
ravaged from Pylos and Cythera; the Helots were deserting, and they were always
fearing lest those who had not deserted, relying on the help of those who had,
should seize their opportunity and revolt, as they had done once before. . . .
Upon these grounds both governments thought it desirable to make peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 347-348 – BC 422 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">128. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thucydides Count of Dates</b> – I would
have a person recon the actual periods of time, and not rely upon catalogues of
the archons or other official personages whose names may be used in different
cities to mark the dates of past events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For whether an event occurred in the beginning or in the middle, or
whatever might be the exact point, of a magistrate’s term of office is left
uncertain by such a mode of reckoning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But if he measure by summers and winters as they are here set down, and
count each summer and winter as a half year, he will find that ten summer and
ten winters passed in the first part of the war. p. 353 – BC 422-421 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">129. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Six Years of “Peace”</b> – For six years
and ten months the two powers abstained from invading each other’s territories,
but abroad the cessation of arms was intermittent, and they did each other all
the harm which they could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At last they
were absolutely compelled to break the treaty made at the end of the first ten
years, and to declare open war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 356 –
BC 421<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">130. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The War Lasts Twenty-Seven Years</b> – Altogether
the war lasted twenty-seven years, for if any one argue that the interval
during which the truce continued should be excluded, he is mistaken. . . . For
I well remember how, from the beginning to the end of the war, there was a
common an often-repeated saying that it was to last thrice nine years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I lived through the whole of it, and was of
mature years and judgement and I took great pains to make out the exact
truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 356-357 – BC 421<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">131. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thucydides’ Banishment – </b>For twenty
years I was banished from my country after I held the command at Amphipolis,
and associating with both sides, with the Peloponnesians quite as much as with
the Athenians, because of my exile, I was thus enabled to watch quietly the
course of events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will now proceed to
narrate the quarrels which after the first ten years broke up the treaty, and
the event of the war which followed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
357 – BC 421<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">132. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meet Alcibiades</b> - . . . the war party
at Athens in their turn lost no time in pressing their views.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Foremost among them was Alcibiades the son of
Cleinias, a man who would have been thought young in any other city, but was
influential by reason of his high descent: he sincerely preferred the Argive
alliance, but at the same time he took part against the Lacedaemonians from
temper, and because his pride was touched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 369 – BC 420 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">133. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agis Son of Archidamus is King, the Signs
Unfavorable</b> – About the same time the Lacedaemonians with their whole
force, under the command of king Agis the son of Archidamus, likewise made an
expedition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They marched as far as
Leuctra, a place on their own frontier in the direction of Mount Lycaeum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one, not even the cities whence the troops
came, knew whither the expedition was going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But at the frontier the sacrifices proved unfavorable; so they returned,
and sent word to their allies that, when the coming month was over, which was
Carneus, a month held sacred by the Dorians, they should prepare for an
expedition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 377-378 – BC 419 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">134. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Command of the Spartan King</b> - . . .
the king Agis, according to the law, directing their several movements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For when the king is in the field nothing is
done without him; he in person give orders to the polemarchs, which they convey
to the commanders of divisions; these again to the commanders of fifties, the
commanders of fifties to the commanders of enomoties, and theses to the
enomoty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In like manner any more precise
instruction are passed down through the army, and quickly reach their
destination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 386 – BC 418 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">135. “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">All” Spartans Are Officers</b> – for almost
the whole Lacedaemonian army are officers who have officers under them, and the
responsibility of executing an order devolves upon many. pp. 386-387 BC – 418 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">136. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spartan Numbers and Formation</b> –
However, the following calculation may give some idea of the Lacedaemonian
numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were seven divisions in
the field, besides the Sciritae who numbered six hundred in each division there
were four pentccosties, in every pentccosty four enomoties, and of each enomoty
there fought in the front rank four.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
depth of the line was not everywhere equal, but was left to the discretion of
the generals commanding division; on an average it was eight deep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The front line consisted of four hundred and
forty-eight men, exclusive of the Sciritae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 387 – 388 – BC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">137. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spartan Marching Music</b> – The
Ladedaemonians moved slowly forward and to the music of many flute-players, who
were stationed in their ranks, and played, not as an act of religion, but in
order that the army might march evenly and in true measure, and that the line
might not break, as often happens in great armies when they go into battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 388-389 – BC 418<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">138. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Each Soldier Covered by His Comrade’s
Shield – </b>All armies, when engaged, are apt to thrust outwards their right
wing; and either of the opposing forces tends to outflank his enemy’s left with
his own right, because every soldier individually fears for his exposed side,
which he tries to cover with the shield of his comrade on the right, conceiving
that the closer he draws in the better he will be protected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 389 – BC 418<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">139. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spartans Win By Courage Alone</b> – Then
the Lacedaemonians showed in a remarkable manner that, although utterly failing
in their tactics, they could win by their courage alone. p. 390 – BC 418 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">140. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Debate with the Melians</b> – They
spoke as follows:-- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">An Appeal to Justice </b>. . . your warlike movements. Which are
present not only to our fears but to our eyes, seem to belie your works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We see that, although you may reason with us,
you mean to be our judges; and that at the end of the discussion, if the justice
of our cause prevails and we therefore refuse to yield, we may expect war; if
we are convinced by you, slavery. p. 398 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) Athenians –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Might
Makes Right – </b>Well, then, we Athenians will use no fine words; we will not
go out of our way to prove at length that we have a right to rule, because we
overthrew the Persians, or that we attack you now because we are suffering any
injury at your hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . But you and
we should say what we really think, and aim only at what is possible, for we
both alike know that into the discussion of human affairs the question of
justice only enters where the pressure of necessity is equal, and that the
powerful exact what they can, and the weak grant what they must. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 399 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Expedience and Justice</b> – Well, then,
since you set aside justice and invite us to speak of expediency, in our judgment
it is certainly expedient that you should respect a principle which is for the
common good; and that to every man when imperil a reasonable claim should be
accounted a claim of right, and any plea which he is disposed to urge even if
failing of the point a little, should help his cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your interest in this principle is quite as
great as our, inasmuch as you, if you fall, will incur the heaviest vengeance,
and will be the most terrible example to mankind. pp. 399-400 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who the Enemy Is</b> – . . . for ruling
states such as Lacedaemon are not cruel to their vanquished enemies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we are fighting not so much against the
Lacedaemonians, as against our own subjects who may someday rise up and
overcome their former masters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But this
is a danger which you may leave to us. p. 400 – BC 416 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Masters and Slaves</b> – It may be your
interest to be our masters, but how can it be ours to be your slaves? p. 400 –
BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Advantages, Yours and Ours</b> – To you the
gain will be that by submission you will avert the worst; and we shall be all
the richer for your preservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 400
– BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">g<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">) Back and Forth</b> – Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Can’t
We Be Neutral?</b> – But must we be your enemies?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will you not receive us as friends if we are
neutral and remain at peace with you? Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NO! – </b>No, your enmity is not half so mischievous to us as your
friendship; for the one is in the eyes of our subjects an argument of our
power, the other of our weakness. Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aren’t We Different? –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>But
are you subjects really unable to distinguish between states in which you have
no concern, and those which are chiefly you own colonies, and in some case have
revolted and been subdued by you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 400
– BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">h) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Expedience</b> – Will you not be making
enemies of all who are now neutrals?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When they see how you are treating us they will expect you some day to
turn against them; and if so, are you not strengthening the enemies whom you
already have, and bringing upon you others who, if they could help, would never
dream of being you enemies at all?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
401 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who We Fear</b> – We do not consider our
really dangerous enemies to be any of the peoples inhabiting the mainland who,
secure in their freedom, may defer indefinitely any measures of precaution
which they take against us, but islanders who, like you, happen to be under no
control, and all who may be already irritated by the necessity of submission to
our empire—these are our real enemies, for they are the most reckless and most
likely to bring themselves as well as us into a danger which they cannot but
foresee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 401 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">j) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">We Should Suffer for Freedom</b> – Surely
then if you and your subjects will brave all this risk, you to preserve your
empire and they to be quite of it, how base and cowardly would it be in us, who
retain our freedom, not to do and suffer anything rather than be your slaves.
p. 401 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>k) Athenians –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">We Are Too Strong for You</b> –
Not so, if you calmly reflect: for you are not fighting against equals to whom
you cannot yield without disgrace, but you are taking counsel whether or not
you shall resist and overwhelming force.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The question is not one of honour but of prudence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 401 – 402 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">l) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fortunes of War</b> – But we know that the fortune
of war is sometimes impartial, and not always on the side of numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we yield now, all is over; but if we
fight, there is yet a hope that we might stand upright. p. 402 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">m) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Flaw of Hope</b> – Hope is a good
comforter in the hour of danger, when men have something else to depend upon,
although hurtful, she is not ruinous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But when her spendthrift nature has induced them to stake their all,
they see her as she is in the moment of their fall, and not till then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the knowledge of her might enable them
to be ware of her, she never fails.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
are weak and a single turn of the scale might be your ruin. p. 402 – BC 416 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">n) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Faith in Gods and the Lacedaemonians</b> –
We know only too well how hard the struggle must be against you power, and
against fortune, if she does not mean to be impartial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless we do not despair of fortune;
for we hope to stand as high as you in the favor of heaven, because we are righteous,
and you against whom we contend are unrighteous; and we are satisfied that our
deficiency in power will be compensated by the aid of our allies the
Lacedaemonians; they cannot refuse to help us, if only because we are their
kinsmen, and for the sake of their own honour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And therefore our confidence is not so utterly blind as you suppose. p.
402 – BC 416 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">o) Athenians –<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gods’
Favor</b> – As for the Gods, we expect to have quite as much of their favor as
you: for we are not doing or claiming anything which goes beyond common opinion
about divine or men’s desires about human things. pp. 402-403 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">p) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Self-evident Truth – </b>For of the Gods we
believe, and of men we know, that by a law of their nature wherever they can
rule they will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 403 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">q) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Failings of the Spartans</b> – And then
as to the Lacedaemonians—when you imagine that out of very shame they will
assist you, we admire the simplicity of your idea, but we do not envy you the
folly of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Lacedaemonians are exceedingly
virtuous among themselves, and according to their national standard of
morality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, in respect of their
dealing with others, although many things might be said, a word is enough to
describe them,--of all men whom we know they are the most notorious for
identifying what is pleasant with what is honorable, and what is expedient with
what is just.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But how inconsistent is
such a character with your present blind hope of deliverance! p. 403 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">r) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Justice v Expedience</b> – But do you not
see that the path of expediency is safe, whereas justice and honour involve
danger in practice, and such dangers the Lacedaemonians seldom care to face? p.
403 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">s) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Path to Safety</b> – To maintain our rights
against equals, to be politic with superiors, and to be moderate towards
inferiors is the path of safety. p. 405 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">t) Melians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Final Decision</b> – Men of Athens, our
resolution is unchanged; and we will not in a moment surrender that liberty
which our city, founded seven hundred years ago, still enjoys; we will trust in
the good-fortune which, by the favor of the Gods, has hitherto preserved us,
and for human help to the Lacedaemonians, and endeavor to save ourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 405 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">u) Athenians – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Response</b> – Well, we must say, judging
from the decision at which you have arrived, that you are the only men who deem
the future to be more certain than the present, and regard things unseen as
already realized in your fond anticipation, and that the more you cast
yourselves upon the Lacedaemonians and fortune, and hope, and trust them, the
more complete will be our ruin. pp. 405-406 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">141. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fall and Destruction of Melos</b> – The
place was now closely invested, and there was treachery among the citizens
themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So the Melians were induced
to surrender at discretion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Athenians thereupon put to death all who were of military age, and made slaves
of the women and children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They then
colonized the island, sending thither five hundred settlers of their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 407 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
VI</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">,
pages 408-484 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">142. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reasons for War</b> – They the Athenians
were determined to make war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
virtuously professed that they were going to assist their own kinsmen and their
newly-acquired allies, but the simple truth was that they aspired to the empire
of Sicily. p. 412 – BC 416<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">143. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Against the War</b> – Nicias, who
had been appointed general against his will, thought that the people had come
to a wrong conclusion, and that upon slight and flimsy ground they were
aspiring to the conquest of Sicily, which was no easy task. p. 414 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">144. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias on Self Interest</b> - . . . not
that I think the worse of a citizen who takes a little thought about his life
or his property, for I believe that the sense of a man’s own interest will
quicken his interest in the prosperity of the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 414 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">145. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Speaks His Mind</b> – But I have
never been induced by the love of reputation to say a single word contrary to
what I thought; neither will I now: I will say simply what I believe to be
best.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I told you to take care of what
you have and not to throw away present advantage in order to gain an uncertain
and distant good, my words would be powerless against a temper like yours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would rather argue that this is not the
time, and that your great aims will not be easily realized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">146. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Counsels against Spending Money on Foreign
Wars</b> – It is our duty to expend our new resources upon ourselves at home,
and not upon begging exiles who have an interest in successful lies; who find
it expedient only to contribute words, and let others fight their battles; and
who, if saved, prove ungrateful; if they fail, as they very likely may, only
involve their friends in a common ruin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 417 – BC 415<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">147. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Rips Alcibiades</b> – I dare say
there may be some young man here who is delighted at holding a command, and the
more so because he is too young for his post; and he, regarding only his own
interest, may recommend you to sail; he may be one who is much admired for his
stud of horses and wants to make something out of his command which will
maintain him in his extravagance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But do
not you give him the opportunity of indulging his own magnificent tastes at the
expense of the state. p. 417 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">148. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias on Bad Allies</b> – Let us have no
more allies such as ours have too often been, whom we are expected to assist
when they are in misfortune, but to whom we ourselves when in need may look in
vain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 418 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">149. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias on the Duty of a Good Magistrate</b>
– The first duty of a good magistrate is to do the very best which he can for
his country, or, at least, to do her no harm which he can avoid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 418 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">150. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Those against Alcibiades Damage the State</b>
– They thought that he was aiming at a tyranny and set themselves against
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And therefore, although his talents
as a military commander were unrivalled, they entrusted the administration of
the war to others, because they personally objected to his private life, and so
they speedily shipwrecked the state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
419 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">151. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Brag</b> – I sent into the lists
[at the Olympic Games] seven chariots,--no other private man ever did the like;
I was victor, and also won the second and fourth prize; and I ordered
everything in a style worthy of my victory. p. 419 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">152. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Athenian’s Mistake in Driving out
Alcibiades</b> (Repeat of 150) – They thought that he was aiming at a tyranny
and set themselves against him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
therefore, although his talents as a military commander were unrivalled, they
entrusted the administration of the war to others, because they personally
objected to his private life, and so they speedily shipwrecked the state. p.
419 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">153. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades’s Olympic Triumph </b>(Repeat of
151) – I sent into the lists seven chariots,--no other private man ever did the
like; I was victor, and also won the second and fourth prize; and I ordered
everything in a style worthy of my victory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 419 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">154. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Benefits the State at His Own
Expense and Exalts in His “Superiority” (Think Trump)</b> – There is some use
in the folly of a man who at his own cost benefits not only himself, but the
state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And where is the injustice, if I
or anyone who feels his own superiority to another refuses to be on a level
with him? p. 420 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">155. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Disparages the Mixed-Multitude
of Sicily (Think Hitler) </b>– For although the Sicilian cities are populous,
their inhabitants are a mixed multitude, and they readily give up old forms of
government and receive new ones from without.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>No one really feels that he has a city of his own; and so the individual
is ill-provided with arms, and the country has no regular means of defense. . .
They are a motley crew, who are never of one mind in counsel, and are incapable
of any concert in action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every man is
for himself, and will readily come over to any one who makes an attractive
offer; the more readily if, as report says, they are in a state of
revolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 421 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">156. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Must Fulfill Alliances to Grow the Empire</b>
– We have sworn to them, and have no right to argue that they never assisted
us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In seeking their alliance we did not
intend that they should come and help us here, but that they should harass our
enemies in Sicily, and prevent them from coming hither.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like all other imperial powers, we have
acquired our dominion by our readiness to assist any one, whether Barbarian or
Hellene, who may have invoked our aid. p. 422 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">157. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goal of the War – To Humble the Spartans</b>
– We shall humble the pride of the Peloponnesians when they see that, scorning
the delights of repose, we have attacked Sicily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the help of acquisitions there, we shall
probably become masters of all Hellas . . . p. 422 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">158. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Description of the Athenian Force at
Departure</b> – No armament so magnificent or costly had ever been sent out by
any single Hellenic power . . . p. 429 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">159. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Arrest of Alcibiades Ordered after a Prejudiced
Investigation</b> – There they [the Athenian Fleet] found that the vessel
Salaminia had come from Athens to fetch Alcibiades, who had been put upon his
trial by the state and was ordered home to defend himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With him were summoned certain of his
soldiers, who were accused, some of profaning the mysteries, others of
mutilation of the Hermae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For after the
departure of the expedition the Athenians prosecuted both enquiries as keenly
as ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did not investigate the
character of the informers, but in their suspicious mood listened to all manner
of statements, and seized and imprisoned some of the most respectable citizens
of the evidence of wretches; they thought it better to sift the matter and
discover the truth; and they would not allow even a man of good character against
whom an accusation was brought to escape without a thorough investigation,
merely because the informer was a rogue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For the people, who had heard by tradition that the tyranny of
Pisistratus and his sons ended in great oppression, and knew moreover that
their power was overthrown, not by Harmodius or any efforts of their own, but
by the Lacedaemonians, were in a state of incessant fear and suspicion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 445-446 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">160. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Historian Looks Back – the Murder of
Hippias’ Brother and His<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Revenge</b> –
They [Aristogiton and Harmodius] found Hipparchus [Hippias’ brother] near the
Leocorium, as it was called, and then and there falling upon him with all the
blind fury, one of an injured lover, the other of a man smarting under an
insult, they smote an slew him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
crowd ran together, and so Aristogiton for the present escaped the guards; but
he was afterwards taken and not very gently handled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harmodius perished on the spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . Such was the conspiracy of Harmodiius
and Aristogiton, which began in the resentment of a lover, the reckless attempt
which followed arose out of a sudden fright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To the people at large the tyranny simply became more oppressive, and
Hippias, after his brother’s death living in great fear, slew many of the
citizens; he also began to look abroad in hope of securing an asylum should a
revolution occur. pp. 449-450 – BC 514 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">161. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“False” Witness Granted Immunity</b> – At
last one of the prisoners, who was believed to be deeply implicated [in the
mutilation of the Hermae and the mockery of the mysteries], was induced by a
fellow-prisoner to make a confession-whether true or false I cannot say;
opinions are divided, and no one knew at the time, or to this day knows, who
the offenders were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His companion argued
that even if he were not guilty he ought to confess and claim a pardon; he
would thus save his own life, and at the same time deliver Athens from the
prevailing state of suspicion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
chance of escaping would be better if he confessed his guilt in the hope of a
pardon, than if he denied it and stood his trial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So he gave evidence both against himself and
others in the matter of the Hermae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Athenians were delighted at finding out what they supposed to be the truth;
they had been is despair at the thought that the conspirators against the
democracy would never be known, and they immediately liberated the informer and
all whom he had not denounced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
accused they brought to trial, and executed such of them as could be found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those who had fled they condemned to death,
and promised a reward to any one who would kill them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one could say if the sufferers were justly
punished, but the beneficial effect on the city at the time was undeniable. pp.
450-451 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">162. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Condemned, Switched Sides</b> –
From every quarter suspicion had gathered around Alcibiades, and the Athenian
people were determined to have him tried and executed; so they sent the ship Salaminia
to Sicily bearing a summons to him and to others against whom information had
been given.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was ordered to follow the
officers home and defend himself, but they were told not to arrest him . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alcibiades, now in exile, crossed not long
afterwards in a small vessel from Thurii to Peloponnesus, and the Athenians on
his non-appearance sentenced him and his companions to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 452 – BC 415<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">163. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Value of Skill</b> – For they [the
Syracusans] showed no want of spirit or daring in this or any other engagement;
in courage they were not a whit inferior to their enemies, had their skill only
been adequate, but when it failed, they could no longer do justice to their
good intentions. P. 457 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">164. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Want of Discipline Could Be Overcome</b> –
He [Hermocrates] told them [the Syracusans] not to be disheartened at the
result of the battle; for their resolution had not been defeated, but they had
suffered from want of discipline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet
they had proved less unequal than might have been expected; and they should
remember that they had been contending against the most experienced soldiers of
Hellas; they were unskilled workmen, and the Athenians masters in their craft .
. . if they had a few experienced generals, and during the winter got their
hoplites into order, providing arms for those who had none, and so raising the
number of their forces to the utmost, while at the same time they insisted on
strict drill and discipline, they would have a good chance of victory; for they
had courage already, and only wanted steadiness inaction. p. 459 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">164. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Athenian Empire Established out of Victory
over Persia, not the Liberation of the Hellenes</b> – The Ionians and other
colonists of theirs who were their allies, wanting to be revenged on the
Persian, freely invited them to be their leaders; and they accepted the
invitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But soon they charged them,
some with desertion, and some with making war upon each other; any plausible
accusation which they could bring against any of them became and excuse of
their overthrow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was not for the
liberties of Hellas that Athens, or for her own liberty that Hellas, fought
against the Persians; they fought, the Athenians that they might enslave Hellas
to themselves instead of him, the rest of the Hellenes that they might get a
new master, who may be cleverer, but certainly makes a more dishonest use of
his wits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 462 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">165. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Expedience </b>– Now to a tyrant or to an
imperial city nothing is inconsistent which is expedient, and no man is a
kinsman who cannot be trusted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 467 –
BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">166. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Speaks to the Spartans:<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">a) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Follies of Democracy</b> – Any power adverse to despotism is called
democracy, and my family have always retained the leadership of the people in
their hands because we have been the persistent enemies of tyrants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Living too under a popular government, how
could we avoid in a great degree conforming to circumstances?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, we did our best to observe political
moderation amid the prevailing license.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But there were demagogues, as there always have been, who led the people
into evil ways, and it was they who drove me out. . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The follies of democracy are universally
admitted, and there is nothing new to be said about them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 472-473 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">b) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">War Plan</b> – We sailed to Sicily hoping in the first place to conquer
the Sisilian cities; then to proceed against the Hellenes of Italy; and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lastly, to make an attempt on the Carthaginian
dominions, and on Carthage itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
all or most of these enterprises succeeded, we meant finally to attack
Peloponnesus, bringing with us the whole Hellenic power which we had gained
abroad, besides many barbarians whom we intended to hire—Iberians and the
neighboring tribes, esteemed to be most warlike barbarians that now are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the timber which Italy supplies in such
abundance we meant to build numerous additional triremes, and with them to
blockade Peloponnesus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time
making inroads by land with our infantry, we should have stormed some of your
cities and invested others,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus we
hoped to crush you easily, and to rule over the Hellenic world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the better accomplishment of our various
aims our newly-acquired territory would supply money and provisions enough,
apart from the revenue which we receive in Hellas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 473 – BC 415 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">c) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Advice to the Spartans</b> 1. You must send to Sicily a force of
hoplites who will themselves handle the oars and will take the field
immediately on landing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2. A Spartan
commander I conceive to be even more indispensable that an army; his duty will
be to organize the troops which are already enlisted, and to press the
unwilling into the service.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus you
will inspire confidences in your friends and overcome the fears of eh
wavering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3) Here too, in Hellas you
should make open war. The Syracusans, seeing that you have not forgotten them,
will then persevere in their resistance, while the Athenians will have greater
difficulty in reinforcing their army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4)
You ought above all to fortify Deccelea in Attica; the Athenians are always in
dread of this; to them it seems to be the only calamity which they have not
already experienced to the utmost in the course of the war. . . . I will sum up
briefly the chief though by no means all the advantages which you will gain,
and the disadvantages which you will inflict, by the fortification of
Decclea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole stock of the country
will fall into your hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The slaves
will come over to you of their own accord; what there is besides will be seized
by you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Athenians will at once be
deprived of the revenues which they obtain from silver mines of Laurium, and of
all the profits which they make by the land or by the law courts, above all,
the customary tribute will fail; for their allies, when they see that you are
now carrying on the war in earnest, will not mind them. pp. 474-475 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">True Enemies of Athens</b> – The true enemies of my country are not
those who, like you, have injured her in open war, but those who have compelled
her friends to become her enemies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
love Athens, not in so far as I am wronged by her, but in so far as I once
enjoyed the privileges of a citizen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The country which I am attacking is no longer mine, but a lost country
which I am seeking to regain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 475 –
BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">e) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Definition of a True Patriot</b> – He is the true patriot, not who,
when unjustly exiled, abstains from attacking his country, but who in the
warmth of his affection seeks to recover her without regard to the means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 475 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Alcibiades Has to Offer</b> – I desire therefore that you,
Lacedaemonians, will use me without scruple in any service however difficult or
dangerous, remembering that, according to the familiar saying, “the more harm I
did you as an enemy, the more good can I do you as a friend.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For I know the secrets of the Athenians,
while I could only guess at yours. p. 475 – BC 415<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
VII, </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">pages 485-549<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">167.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Nicas Letter Complains of Difficulty of
Leading in a Democracy</b> – Moreover I know your dispositions; you like to
hear pleasant things, but afterwards lay the fault on those who tell you them
if they are falsified by the event; therefore I think it safer to speak the
truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 493 – BC 414<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">165. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Supply Line Cut</b> – Many perished and
many prisoners were made at the capture of the forts, and abundant spoil of
different kinds was taken . . . The loss of Plemmyrium was one of the greatest
and severest blows which befell the Athenians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For now they could no longer even introduce provision with safety, but
the Syracusan ships lay watching to prevent them and they had to fight for
passage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>General discouragement and dismay
prevailed throughout the army. p. 500 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">166. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Burden of Two Wars</b> – But worse than
all was the cruel necessity of maintaining two wars at once, and they carried
on both with a determination which no one would have believed unless he had actually
seen it. p. 503 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">167. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slaughter and Murder by the Thracins: the
Worst</b> – The Thracians dashed into the town, sacked the houses and temples,
and slaughtered the inhabitants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
spared neither old nor young, but cut down, one after another, all whom they
met, the women and children, the very beasts of burden, and every living thing
which they saw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the Thracians, when
they dare, can be as bloody as the worst barbarians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There in Mycalessus the wildest panic ensued,
and destruction in every form was rife. They even fell upon a boy’s school, the
largest in the place, which the children had just entered, and massacred them
every one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No greater calamity than this
ever affected a whole city; never was anything so sudden or so terrible. . . .
Such was the fate of Mycalessus; considering the size of the city, no calamity
more deplorable occurred during the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 504-505 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">168. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Is a Winner? </b>– For the Corinthians
considered themselves conquerors, if they were not severely defeated; but the
Athenians thought that they were defeated because they had no gained a signal
victory. pp. 508-509<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">169. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Technology and Tactics</b> – Profiting by
the experience which they had acquired in the last sea fight, they
[Syracussans] devised several improvement in the construct of their
vessels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cut down and strengthened
the prows, and also made the beams which projected from them thicker; these
latter they supported underneath with stays of timber extending from the beams
through the sides of the ship a length of nine feet within and nine without,
after the fashion in which the Corinthians had refitted their prows before they
fought with the squadron from Naupactus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For the Syracusans hoped thus to gain an advantage over the Athenian
ships, which were not constructed to resist their improvement, but had their
prow slender. Because they were in the habit of rowing round and enemy and
striking the side of his vessel instead of meeting him prow to prow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The plan would be the more effectual, because
they were going to fight in the Great Harbors, where many ships would be
crowded in a narrow space.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would
charge full in face, and presenting their own massive and solid beaks would
stave in the hollow and weak forepart of their enemies’ ships; while the
Athenians, confronted as they were, would not be able to wheel round them or
break their line before striking, to which maneuvers they mainly trusted—the want
of room would make the one impossible, and the Syracusans themselves would do their
best to prevent the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What had
hitherto been considered a defect of skill on the part of their pilots, the
practice of striking beak to beak, would now be a great advantage, to which
they would have constant recourse; for the Athenians, when forced to back
water, could only retire towards the land, which was too near, and of which but
a small part, that is to say, their own encampment, was open to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Syracusans would be masters of the rest
of the harbor, and, if the Athenians were hard pressed at any point, they would
all be driven together into one small spot, where they would run foul of one
another and fall into confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(which
proved to be the case, for nothing was more disastrous to the Athenians in all
these sea-fights than the impossibility of retreating, as the Syracusans could,
to any part of the harbor.) pp. 509-510 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">170. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias’ Failures</b> – For Nicias was
dreaded at his first arrival, but when instead of at once laying siege to
Syracuse, he passed the winter at Catana, he fell into contempt, and his delay
gave Gylippus time to come with an army from Peloponnesus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whereas if he had struck hard at first, the
Syracusans would never even have thought of getting fresh troops; strong in
their own self-sufficiency, they would have recognized their inferiority only
when the city had been actually invested, and then, if they had sent for
reinforcements, they would have found them useless. p. 514 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">171. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Demosthenes Wanted to Leave</b> –
Demosthenes gave his voice against remaining; he said that the decisive attack
upon Epipolae had failed, and, in accordance with his original intention, he
should vote for immediate departure, while the voyage was possible, and while
with the help of the ships which had recently joined them they had the upper
hand at any rate by sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was more
expedient for the city that they should make war upon the Peloponnesians, who
were raising a fort in Attica, then against the Syracusans, whom they could now
scarcely hope to conquer; and there was no sense in carrying on the siege at a
vast expense and with no result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
was the opinion of Demosthenes. p. 518 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">172. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Falters</b> – Nicias in his own mind
took the same gloomy view of their affairs; but he did not wish openly to
confess their weakness, or by a public vote given in a numerous assembly to let
their intention reach the enemy’s ears, and so to lose the advantage of
departing secretly whenever they might choose to go. p. 518 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">173. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Political Considerations = Evil</b> – But
in addressing the council he positively refused to withdraw the army; he
[Nicias] knew, he said, that the Athenian people would not forgive their
departure if they left without an order from home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The men upon whose votes their fate would
depend would not, like themselves, have seen with their own eyes the state of
affairs; they would be convinced by any accusation which a clever speaker might
bring forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed many or most of
the very soldiers who were now crying out that their case was desperate would
raise the opposite cry when they reached home, and would say that the generals
were traitors, and had been bribed to depart; and therefore he, knowing the
tempers of the Athenians, would for his own part rather take his chance and
fall, if he must, alone by the hands of the enemy, than die unjustly on a
dishonorable charge at the hands of the Athenians. p. 519 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">174. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Eclipse of the Moon – False Omen or False
Interpretation</b> – Even Nicias now no longer objected, but only made the
condition that there should be no open voting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So, maintaining such secrecy as they could, they gave orders for the
departure of the expedition; the men were to prepare themselves against a given
signal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The preparations were made and
they were on the point of sailing, when the moon, being just then at the full,
was eclipsed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The mass of the army was
greatly moved, and called upon the generals to remain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nicias himself, who was too much under the
influence of divination and omens, refused even to discuss the question of
their removal until they had remained thrice nine days, as the soothsayers
prescribed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the reason why the
departure of the Athenians was finally delayed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 521 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">175. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Athenian Defeat at Sea</b> – The Athenians
on their side put out with eight-six ships; and the two fleets met and fought,
Eurymedon, who commanded the right wing of the Athenians, hoping to surround
the enemy, extended his line too far towards the land, and was defeated by the
Syracusans, who, after overcoming the Athenian center, shut him up in the inner
bay of the harbor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There he was slain,
and the vessels which were under his command and had followed him were
destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Syracusans now pursued
and began to drive ashore the rest of the Athenian fleet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 522 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">176. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Syracusans Murder Prisoners of War</b> –
Most of the Athenian ships were saved and brought back to the Athenian
station.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still the Syracusans and their
allies took eighteen, and killed the whole of their crews. p. 523 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">177. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Defeat at Sea – the Final Straw</b> – They
had failed at almost every point, and were already in great straits, when the
defeat at sea, which they could not have thought possible, reduced their
fortunes to a still lower ebb. p. 523 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">178. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Syracusans Close the Harbor</b> – The
Syracusans at once sailed round the shore of the harbor without fear, and
determined to close the mouth, that the Athenians might not be able, even if
they wanted, to sail out by stealth. . . . if they could conquer the Athenians
and their allies by sea and land, their success would be glorious in the eyes
of all the Hellenes, who would at once be set free, some from slavery, others
from fear. p. 524 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">179. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicias Final Call to Action</b> – Remember
the sudden turns of war; let your hope be that fortune herself may yet come
over to us; and prepare to retrieve your defeat in a manner worthy of the
greatness of your own army which you see before you . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let me appeal once more to you who are
Athenians, and remind you that there are no more ships like these in the
dockyards of the Piraeus, and that you have no more recruits fit for
service.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In any event but victory you
enemies here will instantly sail against Athens, while our countrymen at home,
who are but a remnant, will be unable to defend themselves against the attacks
of their former foes reinforced by the new invaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You who are in Sicily will instantly fall
into the hands of the Syracusans (and you know how you meant to deal with
them), and your friends at Athens into the hands of the Lacedaemonians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this one struggle you have to fight for
yourselves and them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 529 – 531 – BC
413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">180. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gylippus’ Call for Vengeance</b> – Against
such disorder, and against hateful enemies whose good-fortune has run away from
them to us, let us advance with fury.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
should remember in the first place that men are doing a most lawful act when
they take vengeance upon an enemy and an aggressor, and that they have a right
to satiate their heart’s animosity; secondly, that this vengeance, which is
proverbially the sweetest of all things, will soon be with our grasp . . . let
no one’s heart be softened towards them. p. 533 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">181. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Motivation in Battle</b> – On the Athenian
side they were shouting to their men that they must force a passage and seize
the opportunity now or never of returning in safety to their native land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the Syracusans and their allies was
represented the glory of preventing the escape of their enemies, and of a
victory by which every man would exalt the honour of his own city. p. 536 – BC
413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">182. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Armies Watch the Sea Battle from the
Shore </b>– While the naval engagement hung in the balance the two armies on
shore had great trial and conflict of soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Sicilian soldier was animated by the hope of increasing the glory
which he had already won, while the invader was tormented by the fear that his
fortunes might sink lower still.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
last chance of the Athenians lay in their ships, and their anxiety was
dreadful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fortune of the battle
varied; and it was not possible that the spectators on the shore should all
receive the same impression of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being
quite close and having different points of view, they would some of them see
their own ships victorious; their courage would then revive, and they would
earnestly call upon the Gods not to take from them their hope of
deliverance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But others, who say their
ships worsted, cried and shrieked aloud, and were by the sight alone more
utterly unnerved than the defeated combatants themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others again, who had fixed their gaze on
some part of the struggle which was undecided, were in a state of excitement
still more terrible; they kept swaying their bodies to and fro in an agony of
hope and fear as the stubborn conflict went on and on; for at every instant
they were all but saved or all but lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 536 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">183. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Retreat Begins</b> – And the
land-forces, no longer now divided in feeling, but uttering one universal groan
of intolerable anguish, ran, some of them to save the ships, others to defend
what remained of the wall; but the greater number began to look to themselves
and to their own safety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Never had there
been a great panic in an Athenian army than at that moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 537 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">184. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Retreat</b> – On the third day after
the sea-fight, when Nicias and Demosthenes thought that their preparations were
complete, the army began to move.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
were in a dreadful condition; not only was there the great fact that they had
lost their whole fleet, and instead of their expected triumph had brought the
utmost peril upon Athens as well as upon themselves, but also the sights which
presented themselves as they quitted the camp were painful to every eye and
mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dead were unburied, and when
any one saw the body of a friend lying on the ground he was smitten with sorrow
and dread, while the sick or wounded who still survived but had to be left were
even a greater trial to the living, and more to be pitied than those who were
gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their prayers and lamentations
drove their companions to distraction; they would beg that they might be taken
with them, and call by name any fried or relation whom they saw passing; they
would hang upon their departing comrades and follow as far as they could, and
when their limbs and strength failed them and they dropped behind many were the
imprecations and cries which they uttered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So that the whole army was in tears, and such was their despair that
they could hardly make up their minds to stir, although they were leaving an
enemy’s country, having suffered calamities too great for tears already, and
dreading miseries yet greater in the unknown future. pp. 539-540 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">185. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Men Constitute the State</b> – For men, and
not walls or ships in which are no men, constitute a state. (Nicas) p. 542 – BC
413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">186. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Disaster at the River Crossing</b> – The
Athenians hurried on to the rive Assinarus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They hoped to gain a little relief if they forded the river, for the
mass of horsemen and other troops overwhelmed and crushed them; and they were
worn out by fatigue and thirst.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But no
sooner did they reach the water than they lost all order and rushed in; every
man was trying to cross first, and, the enemy pressing upon them at the same
time, the passage of the river became hopeless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Being compelled to keep close together they fell on upon another, and
trampled each other underfoot: some at once perished, pierced by their own
spears; others got entangled in the baggage and were carried down the
stream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . Where upon the water at once
became foul, but was drunk all the same, although muddy and dyed with blood,
and the crowd fought for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At last,
when the dead bodies were lying in heaps upon one on other in the water and the
army was utterly undone, some perishing in the river, and any who escaped being
cut off by the cavalry . . . p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>547 – BC
413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">187. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Captives Placed in the Quarries</b> – The
captive Athenians and allies they deposited in the quarries, which they thought
would be the safest place of confinement. p. 548 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">188. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Death of Nicias and Demosthenes</b> –
Nicias and Demosthenes they put to the sword, although against the will of
Gylippus. p. 548 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">189. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Suffering in the Quarries</b> – Those who
were imprisoned in the quarries were at the beginning of the captivity harshly
treated by the Syracusans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were
great numbers of them, and they were crowded in a deep and narrow place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first the sun by day was still scorching
and suffocating, for they had no roof over their heads, while the autumn nights
were cold, and the extremes of temperature engendered violent disorders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Being cramped for room they had to do
everything on the same spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The corpses
of those who died from their wounds, exposure to the weather, and the like, lay
heaped one upon another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The smells were
intolerable; and they were at the same time affected by hunger and thirst.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During eight month they were allowed only
about half a pint of water and a pint of food a day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every kind of misery which could befall man
in such a place befell them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was
the condition of all the captives for about ten weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At length the Syracusans sold them, with the
exception of the Athenians and of any Sicilian or Italian Greeks who had sided
with them in the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole number
of the public prisoners is not accurately known, but there were not less than
seven thousand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 549 – BC 413<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">190. “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greatest” War</b> – Of all the Hellenic
actions which took place in this war, or indeed of all Hellenic actions which
are on record, this was the greatest—the most glorious to be victors, the most
ruinous to the vanquished; for they were utterly and at all point defeated, and
their sufferings were prodigious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fleet
and army perished from the face of the earth, nothing was saved, and of the
many who went forth few returned home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus ended the Sicilian expedition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 549 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
VIII</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">,
pages 550-626 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">191. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blame Others – Forget Their Own Vote – </b>The
news was brought to Athens, but the Athenians could not believe that the
armament had been so completely annihilated, although they had the positive
assurances of the very soldiers who had escaped from the scene of action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At last they knew the truth; and then they
were furious with the orators who had joined in promoting the expedition—as if
they had not voted it themselves—and with the soothsayers, and prophets, and
all who by the influence of religion had at the time inspired them with the
belief that they could conquer Sicily. p. 550 – BC 413<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">192. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Implication of the Loss</b> – The citizens
mourned and the city mourned; they had lost a host of cavalry and hoplites and
the flower of their youth, and there were none to replace them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And when they saw an insufficient number of
ships in their docks, and no crews to man them, nor money in the treasury, they
despaired of deliverance. p. 550 – BC 413 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">193. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Will Not Give Way</b> – Still they
determined under any circumstances not to give way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would procure timber and money by
whatever means they might, and build a navy. pp. 550-551 – BC 413<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">194. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">When Democracy Works</b> – After the manner
of a democracy, they were very amenable to discipline while their fright
lasted. p. 551 – BC 413 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">195. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tissaphernes Appointed to Bring Persian
Support </b>- . . . they were accompanied by an envoy from Tissaphernes, whom
King Darius the son of Artaxerxes had appointed to be governor of the provinces
on the coast of Asia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tissaphernes too
was inviting the assistance of the Lacedaemonians, and promised to maintain
their troops, for the King had quite lately been demanding of him the revenues
due from the Hellenic cities in his province, which he had been prevented by
the Athenians from collecting, and therefore still owed. p. 553 – BC 413<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">196. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lacedaemonian Alliance with the King of
Persia</b> – Immediately after the revolt of Miletus the Lacedaemonians made
their first alliance with the King of Persia, which was negotiated by
Tissaphernes and Chalcideu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It ran as
follows: -- The Lacedaemonians and their allies make an alliance with the King
and Tissaphernes on the following terms:-- I. All the territory and all the
cities which are in possession of the King, or were in possession of his
forefathers, shall be the King’s, and whatever revenue or other advantages the
Athenians derived from these cities, the King, and the Lacedaemonians and their
allies, shall combine to prevent them from receiving such revenue or
advantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>II. The King, and the
Lacedaemonians and their allies, shall carry on the war against the Athenians
in common, and they shall not make peace with the Athenians unless both
parties—the King on the one hand and the Lacedaemonians and their allies on the
other—agree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>III. Whosoever revolts from
the King shall be the enemy of the Lacedaemonians and their allies, and
whosoever revolts from the Lacedaemonians and their allies shall be the enemy
of the King in like manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such were the
terms of the alliance. p. 561 – BC 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">197. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Retreat Better than Defeat</b> – There was
no dishonor in Athenians retreating before an enemy’s fleet when circumstances
required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there would be the deepest
dishonor under any circumstances or in a defeat. And the city would then not
only incur disgrace, but would be in the utmost danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 567 – BC 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">198. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Persia Pays</b> – During the following
winter, Tissaphernes, after he had put a garrison in Iasus, came to
Miletus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There he distributed one month’s
pay among all the ships, at the rate of an Attic drachma a day per man, as his
envoy had promised at Lacedaemon, in future he proposed to give half a drachma
only until he had asked the King’s leave, promising that if he obtained it he
would pay the entire drachma. p. 569 – BC 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">199. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">New Treaty between Persia and Sparta</b> –
The Lacedaemonians and their allies make agreement with King Darius and the
sons of the King, and with Tissaphernes, that there shall be alliance and
friendship between them on the following conditions.-- <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I. Whatever territory and cities belong to
King Darius, or formerly belonged to his father, or to his ancestors, against
these neither the Lacedaemonians nor their allies shall make war, or do them
any hurt, nor shall the Lacedaemonians or their allies exact tribute of
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither Darius the King nor the
subjects of the King shall make war upon the Lacedaemonians or their allies, or
do them any hurt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>II. If the Lacedaemonians
or their allies have need of anything from the King, or the King have need of
anything from the Lacedaemonians and their allies whatever they do by mutual
agreement shall hold good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>III. They
shall carry on the war against the Athenians and their allies in common, and if
they make peace, shall make peace in common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>IV. The King shall defray the expense of any number of troops for which
the King has sent, so long as they remain in the King’s country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>V. If any of the cities who are parties to
this treaty go against the King’s country, the rest shall interfere and aid the
King to the utmost of their power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
if any of the inhabitants of the King’s country or any country under the
dominion of the King shall go against the country of the Lacedaemonians or
their allies, the King shall interfere and aid them to the utmost of his power.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
573 – BC 412<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">200. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Changes Sides Again</b> – After
the death of Chalcideus and the engagement at Miletus, Alcibiades fell under
suspicion at Sparta, and orders came from him to Astyochus that he should be
put to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For he was hated by Agis,
and generally distrusted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fear he
retired to Tissaphernes, and soon, by working upon him, did all he could to
injure the Peloponnesian cause. p. 578 – BC 412<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">201. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Advice of Alcibiades to “Play” the
Greeks Against Each Other</b> – Alcibiades also advised Tissaphernes not to be
in a hurry about putting an end to the war, and neither to bring up the
Phoenician fleet which he was preparing, nor to give pay to more Hellenic
sailors; he should not be so anxious to put the whole power both by sea and
land into the same hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let the
dominion only remain divided, and then, whichever of the two rivals was
troublesome, the King might always use the other against him . . . Tissaphernes
was strongly inclined, if we may judge from his acts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For he gave his full confidence to Alcibiades,
whose advice he approved, and kept the Peloponnesians ill-provided, at the same
time refusing to let them fight at sea, and insisting that they must wait until
the Phoenician ships arrived; they would then fight at an advantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this manner he ruined their affairs and
impaired the efficiency of their navy, which had once been in first-rate
condition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were many other ways in
which he showed openly and unmistakably that he was not in earnest in the cause
of his allies. p. 580 – BC 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">202. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alcibiades Real Motivation</b> – In giving
this advice to Tissaphernes and the King, now that he had passed over to them,
Alcibiades said what he really thought to be most for their interests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he had another motive; he was preparing
the way for his own return from exile. He knew that, if he did not destroy his
country altogether, the time would come when he would persuade his countrymen
to recall him; and he thought that his arguments would be most effectual if he
were seen to be on intimate terms with Tissaphernes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the result proved that he was right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Athenian soldiers at Samos soon perceived
that he had great influence with him, and he sent messages to the chief persons
among them, whom he begged to remember him to all good men and true, and to let
them know that he would be glad to return to his country and cast in his lot
with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would at the same time
make Tissaphernes their friend, but they must establish an oligarchy, and
abolish the villainous democracy which had driven him out. pp. 580-581 – BC 412
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">203. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Attack against Alcibiades</b> – There
was great opposition to any change in the democracy, and he enemies of
Alcibiades were loud in protesting that it would be a dreadful thing if he were
permitted to return in defiance of the law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Eumolpidae and Ceryces called heaven and earth to witness that the
city must never restore a man who had been banished for profaning the
mysteries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 585 BC 412 BC – 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">204. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peisander on Ending the Democracy and
Brining Back Alcibiades – </b>Peisander came forward . . . he asked them
whether there was the least hope of saving the country unless the King could be
won over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They all acknowledged that
there was none.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He then said to them
plainly—But this alliance is impossible unless we are governed in a wiser
manner, and office is confined to a smaller number then the king will trust
us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do not let use dwelling on the form
of the constitution, which we may hereafter change as we please, when the very
existence of Athens is at stake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we
must restore Alcibiades, who is the only man living capable of saving us. p.
585 BC – 412 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">205. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Third Treaty with the Persians</b> – In the
thirteenth year of the reign of Darius and King . . . I. All the King’s country
which is in Asia shall continue to be the King’s and the King shall act as he pleases
in respect of his own country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>II. The
Lacedaemonians and their allies shall not go against the Kings country to do
hurt, and the King shall not go against the country of the Lacedaemonians and
their allies to do hurt . . . III. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tissaphernes shall provide food for the number
of ships which the Lacedaemonians have at present . . . the Lacedaemonians and
their allies shall at the end of the war repay to Tissaphernes the money which
they have received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the King’s
ships have arrived, the ships of the Lacedaemonians and of their allies and of
the King shall carry on the war in common, as may seem best to Tissaphernes and
to the Lacedaemonians and their allies: and if they wish to make peace with the
Athenians both parties shall make peace on the same terms. pp. 588-589 – BC 412<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">206. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coup by the Oligarchs</b> – There they
found the revolution more than half accomplished by the oligarchical
clubs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the younger citizens had
conspired and secretly assassinated one Androcles, a great man with the people,
who had been foremost in procuring the banishment of Alcibiades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their motives were two-fold: they killed him
because he was a demagogue; but more because they hoped to gratify Alcibiades,
whom they were still expecting to return, and to make Tissaphernes their
friend. p. 592 – BC 411 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">207. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Constitutional Convention – The New
Government</b> – First, they called an assembly and proposed the election of
ten commissioners, who should be empowered to frame for the city the best
constitution which they could devise; this was to be laid before the people on
a fixed day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the day arrived they
summoned an assembly to meet in the temple of Poseidon at Colonus without the
walls and distant rather more than a mile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the commissioners only moved that any Athenian should be allowed to
propose whatever resolution he please—nothing more; threatening at the same
time with severe penalties anybody who indicted the proposer for
unconstitutional action, or otherwise offered injury to him<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The whole scheme now came to light,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A motion was made to abolish all the existing
magistracies and the payment of magistrates, and to choose a presiding board of
five; these five were to choose a hundred, and each of the hundred was to co-opt
three other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Four Hundred thus selected
were to meet in the council-chamber; they were to have absolute authority, and
might govern as they deemed best; the Five Thousand were to be summoned by them
whenever they chose. p. 594 – BC 411 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">208. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Destruction of Athenian “Freedom”</b> –
No wonder then that, in the hands of all these able men, the attempt, however
arduous, succeeded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For an easy thing it
certainly was not, one hundred years after the fall of the tyrants, to destroy
the liberties of the Athenians, who not only were a free, but during more than
one half of this time had been and imperial people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The assembly passed all these measures
without dissentient voice, and was then dissolved . . . Having disposed their
forces the Four Hundred arrived, every one with a dagger concealed about his
person, and with them a hundred and twenty Hellenic youth, whose service they
used for any act of violence which they had in hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They broke in upon the council of five
hundred as they sat in the council-chamber, and told them to take their pay and
be gone . . . Soon however they wholly changed the democratic system; and
although they did not recall the exiles, because Alcibiades was one of the.
They governed the city with a high hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some few whom they thought would be better out of the way were put to
death by them, other imprisoned, others again exiled. pp. 595-596 – BC 411 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">209. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lies and Civil War</b> – Chaereas, seeing
in an instant how matters stood, had contrived to steal away and get back to
Samos, where he told the soldiers with much aggravation the news from Athens,
how they were punishing everybody with stripes, and how no one might speak a
word against the government; he declared that their wives and children were
being outraged, and that the oligarchy were going to take the relations of all
the men serving at Samos who were not of their faction and shut them up,
intending , if the fleet did not submit, to put them to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he added a great many other falsehoods .
. . When the army heard his report they instantly rushed upon the chief authors
of the oligarchy who were present and their confederates, and tried to stone
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they were deterred by the
warnings of the moderate party, and begged them not to ruin everything by
violence with the enemy were lying close to them, prow threatening prow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thrasybulus the son of Lycus, and Thrasyllus,
who were the chief leaders of the reaction, now thought that the time had come
for the open proclamation of democracy at Samos, and they bound the soldiers,
more especially those of the oligarchical party, but the most solemn oaths to
maintain a democracy and be of one mind, to prosecute vigorously the war with
Peloponnesus, to be enemies to the Four Hundred and to hold no parley with them
by heralds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 599-600 – BC 411<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">210. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Return of Alcibiades</b> – Ever since
Tharsybulus restored the democracy at Samos he had strongly insisted that
Alcibiades should be recalled; the other Athenian leaders were of the same
mind, and at last the consent of the army was obtained at an assembly which
voted his return and full pardon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thrasybulus then sailed to Tissaphernes, and brought Alcibiades to
Samos, convinced that there was no hope for the Athenians unless by his
means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tissaphernes could be drawn away
from the Peloponnesians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An assembly was
called, at which Alcibiades lamented the cruel an unjust fate which had
banished him; he then spoke at length of their political prospects; and bright
indeed were the hopes of future victory with which he inspired them, while he
magnified to excess his present influence over Tissaphernes . . . Tissaphernes,
he said had promised him that if he could only trust the Athenians they should
not want for food while he had anything to give, no not if he were driven at
last to turn his own bed into money; that he would bring up the Phoenician
ships (which were already at Aspendus) to assist the Athenians instead of the
Peloponnesians; but that he could not trust the Athenians unless Alcibiades
were restored and became surety for them. pp. 603-604 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">211. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Failings of Both Oligarchy and Democracy </b>–
This was the political pretext of<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>which
they availed themselves, but the truth was that most of them were given up to
private ambition of the sort which is more fatal than anything to the oligarchy
succeeding a democracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the instant
an oligarchy is established the promoters of it disdain mere equality, and
everybody thinks that he ought to be far above everybody else.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whereas in a democracy, when an election is
made, a man is less disappointed at a failure because he has not been competing
with his equals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The motives which most
sensibly affected them were the great power of Alcibiades at Samos, and an
impression that the oligarchy was not likely to be permanent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accordingly every one was struggling hard to
be the first champion of the people himself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">212. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Polity – the Best – </b>When the news came
the Athenians in their extremity still contrived to man twenty ships, and
immediately summoned an assembly (the first of many) in the placed called the
Pnyx, where they had always been in the habit of meeting; at which assembly
they deposed the Four Hundred, and voted that the government should be in the hands
of the Five Thousand; this number was to include all who could furnish
themselves with arms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one was to receive
pay for holding any office, on pain of falling under a curse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the numerous other assemblies which were
afterward held they re-appointed Nomothetae, and by a series of decrees
established a constitution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
government during its early days was the best which the Athenians ever enjoyed
with my memory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oligarchy and Democracy
were duly attempted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And thus after the
miserable state into which she had fallen, the city was again able to raise her
head,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The people also passed a vote
recalling Alcibiades and others from exile, and sending to him and to the army
in Samos exhorted them to act vigorously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 618 – BC 411 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 107%;">Index
to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thucydides, History of the
Peloponnesian War<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alcibiades:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First introduced – 132, Nicias rips on
Alcibiades – 147, Those against Alcibiades – 150, Alcibiades brags – 151,
Athenian’s mistake in driving out Alcibiades – 152, Olympic triumph – 153,
Benefits Athens at his own expense – 154, Disparages the mixed-multitude of
Sicily – 155, Call to support alliances – 156, Goal of the war – to humble
Sparta – 157, Arrest of Alcibiades ordered by prejudice investigation – 159,
False witness against Alcibiades– 161, Alcibiades condemned – 162, Speaks to
the Spartans – 166a-f, Follies of Democracy – 166a, War plan – 166b, Advice to
the Spartans – 166c, True enemies of Athens – 166d, Definition of a true
patriot – 166e, What Alcibiades has to offer to Sparta – 166f, Alcibiades
changes sides again – 200, Alcibiades advices the Persians play the Greeks
against each other – 201, Alcibiades Real Motivation – 202, Attack against
Alcibiades – 203, Peisander on ending the democracy and bringing back
Alcibiades – 204, Return of Alcibiades – 210, Faiing of both oligarchy and
democracy – 211, Polity the best government – 212. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Archeology: Only a
guess – 4. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Archidamus: King of
Sparta – 23, On war – 24, On Athenian Resolve – 25, On Spartan Resolve – 26, On
the hardest school – 27, Speaks on starting a War – 45a&b, Freedom – 52h,
Calls off attack due to “signs” – 133. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Athens: Compared to
Sparta – 20, Empire develops – 21, Resolve – 25, Use of mercenaries – 35, Never
Yield – 43a, Wealth – 47, Walls – 48, Country life – 50, Metics also fought –
51, Cemetery – 52a, Freedom a gift of the Ancestors – 52c, Empire a gift of the
fathers – 52d, Riches a gift to ourselves – 52e, Form of Government – 52f,
Equality of opportunity – 52g, Unwritten Laws – 52g, Pleasure – 52i, Trade –
52j, Military training superior – 52k, Open City – 52l, Fight for city – 52q,
The Plague – 53a-i, Their fleet – 65, Reasons for war – 142, Athenian forces
depart for Sicily – 158,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens Empire
established out of liberation of Hellenes from Persia – 164a, Defeat in Sicily
– Book VII, 168-190, Supply line cut – 165, Burdon of two wars – 166, Slaughter
and murder by Thracians – 167, Winner defined – 168, Technology and Tactics –
169, Nicias’ Failures – 170, Demosthenes wants to leave – 171, Nicas falters –
172,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Political considerations = evil –
173, Eclipse of the Moon – false Omen – 174, Athenian defeat at sea – 175,
Syracusans murder prisoners of war – 176, Defeat at Sea – Final Straw – 177,
Syracusans Close the Harbor – 178, Nicias Final Call to Action – 179, Gylippus’
call for Vengeance – 180, Motivation in Battle – 181, Armies watch battle from
shore – 182, The retreat begins – 183, The retreat – 184, Men constitute the
state – 185, Disaster at the River Crossing – 186, Captives placed in the
quarries – 187, Death of Nicias and Demosthenes – 188, Suffering in the
quarries – 189, Greatest war – 190, Athenians blame others – forget their own
vote – 191, Implication of the Loss in Sicily – 192, They will not give way –
193, Constitutional Convention – 207, Destruction of Athens’ freedom – 208. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Barbarians: Ineffectual
soldiers – 124, Slaughter and murder by Thracians – 167.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cleon: Cleon’s speech
against Mitylenaeans – Calling for the death of the Mitylenaeans – 72, Warns of
dangers of “persuasive speakers” – 73, Despise v respect – 74, Stick to your
decisions – 75, Justice v expedient – 76, Cleon’s “evil” advice kills the peace
– 110, Fulfills his promise – 116, Cleon and Brasidas die in a day – 125.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Colonies: Corinth’s
revolt – 15.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Corinth: Corinth’s
Colonies call for revolt – 15, Calls for war – 34. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Country Life: Around
Athens – 50. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Delphi and Omens:
Promise to Sparta – 33, Prophesy fulfilled – 53i, Eclipse of the Moon – false
Omen – 174.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Delos: Seat of Alliance
– 30. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Democracy: Follies of democracy
according to Alcibiades – 166a, Nicas complains of the difficulty of leading in
a democracy – 167, When democracy works – 194. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Diodotus speech on
Mitylenaeans – In defense of Mitylenaeans – 77, Bad council = haste and passion
– 78, Evil power of slander – 79, Argument better than either accusation or
slander – 80, Those in the know, responsible – 81, Our interests – justice and
expedience – 82, Spare the Mitylenaeans – 82a, Death penalty not a deterrent –
83, Give them a way out – 84, Allow repentance – 85, Better way than severity –
86, Mercy better than justice – 87.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Dorian Invasion: After
the Trojan War – 8. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Economic Pressures: Role
of property ownership – 43d. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Education: In Athens –
52m, Athenian training method – 52n.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Enemy of Your Enemy is
Your Friend – 16. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ephors: Wall up the
King in the Temple – 41. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fortune: Beyond control
– 121, Melians – Fortunes of War – 140l, Athenians – The flaw with hope – 140m,
Athenians – Self-evident truth – 140q.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Freedom: Personal life
– 52h, Freedom over slavers – 125, Melians – We should suffer for freedom –
140j.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Guerilla War: Dangers
of “Guerilla War” – 111. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hellenes: Named of King
Hellen – 3. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hippias’ brother’s
death and its revenge (a look back) – 160.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Honor: By deeds – 52b. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Immigration: Athens and
“open city” – 52l.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Justice: Justice and injustice
– 15, Justice and Expedience – 18, Justice and Violence – 22, Unjust, killing
prisoners – 39, War Crimes – 60, Justice v expedient (Cleon) – 76, Death
penalty not a deterrent – 83, Mercy better than justice (Diodotus) – 87,
Plataeans seek Justice from Sparta – 88, Melians – and appeal to Justice –
140a, Athenians – Might makes right – 140b. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Killing Prisoners:
Unjust act – 39, Corcyraeans murder the Oligarchs – 117, Syracusans murder
prisoners of war – 176, Suffering in the quarries – 189. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">King: Hellen gives his
name to the people – 3, Theseus set up Athens – 49, Authority, command of the
Spartan King – 134.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Love:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Love of Beauty – 52o, Love of Athens. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Math: Using math to
prepare for battel – 67. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Melian Debate: Back and
forth of speeches –140a-u, Melians – and appeal to Justice – 140a, Athenians –
Might makes right – 140b, Melians – Expedience and Justice – 140c, Athenians –
Who the enemy is – 140d, Melians – Masters and slaves – 140e, Athenians – Advantages,
yours and ours – 140f, Back and forth – 140g, Melians – Expedience – 140h,
Athenians – Who we fear – 140i, Melians – We should suffer for freedom – 140j,
Athenians – We are too strong for you – 140k, Melians – Fortunes of war – 140l,
Athenians – The flaw with hope – 140m, Melians – Faith in the Gods and the
Lacedaemonians – 140n, Athenians – God’s favor – 140o, Athenians – Self-evident
truth – 140p, Athenians – Failings of the Spartans – 140q, Athenians – Justice
v Expedience – 140r, Athenians – Path to safety – 140s, Melians – Final
decision – 140t, Athenians – response – 140u. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Melians – Expedience
and Justice – 140c, Melians – Expedience – 140h, Justice v Expedience – 140r,
Nicias on Self Interest – 144, Expedience – 165.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Melos: Athens sends ships
to Melos – 104, Fall of Melos – 141. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mercenaries: Athenians
use – 35, Unreliable – 43g. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Metics: Also fought –
51, Fight – 64. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mitylenaeans:
Mitylenaeans debate alliance with Athens – 61, Mitylenaean’s alliance
conditional – 62, Debate on killing the Mitylenaeans – 70-87,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Natural Gifts v Learned
Skills: Naturel gifts – 36. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Naval Power: Skills
valuable – 43f, Athenian fleet – 65, Hoplites row the boats – 66, Rowers
(Oarsmen) also soldiers, not slaves – 112. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Neolithic Times: Nomadic
people – 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nicias: Speech before
the Sicilian campaign – 143-149, Nicas against war – 143, Nicias on self-interest
– 144, Speaks his mind – 145, Against spending money on foreign wars – 146,
Rips on Alcibiades – 147, Nicias on bad allies – 148, Nicias on good
magistrates – 149, Nicas complains of the difficulty of leading in a democracy
– 167, Nicias’ failures – 170, Nicas falters – 172, Nicias final call to action
– 179, Death of Nicias and Demosthenes – 188.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Peace: Sparta offers
peace / chances of war – 108, Fruits of Peace – 109, Why don’t we make peace? –
119, Both sides want – 127, Six-year truce – 129. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pericles: Praised – 40,
Answer to Sparta’s ultimatum – 43, Don’t try to extend empire – 43i, Answer to demands
of the Lacedaemonians – 43j, How to win a war – 43k, Suspicions against (think
Trump and Putin) – 46, Funeral Oration – 52a-r, Blamed for setbacks – 53, Last
Speech 55a-I, On winning and losing – 56, His greatness – 57. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pericles Last Speech:
Never give up – 55a, Athens – master of the seas – 55b, On freedom – 55c, War
based on reason – 55d, Glory takes work – 55e, Tyranny of empire – 55f, Don’t
blame me – 55g, Fickleness of masses – 55h, Death of Pericles – 55i. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Piraeus: Themistocles
finishes the building – 29. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Persian Involvement:
For Spartans – 195-199, 1) Tissaphernes appointed – 195, Lacedaemonian alliance
with Persia – 196, Persia pays – 198, New treaty between Persia and
Lacedaemonians – 199, Third treaty with the Persians – 205. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Plague: Doctors die –
a, Thucydides had – 53b, Described – 53c, Birds and dogs die – 53d, No one got
twice – 53e, Laws, human and divine, ignored – 53f, Lawlessness – 53g, Religion
out – 53h, Prophesy fulfilled – 53i, Impact of the plague – 103. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Plataeans Destroyed by
Sparta: Debate and Destruction – 88-95, Plataeans seek justice – 88 Plataean
defense – 89, Appeal to the Law of Arms – 90, Reasons for mercy – 91, Theban
excuse for siding with Persia – 92, Thebans condemnation of Plataeans – 93,
Murder of Plataeans – 94, Murder in the Senate – 95. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pleasure: Of free life
in Athens – 52i. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Power: Motivates
Spartan action – 32. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Politics: Role of property
– 43d, Weakness of confederacy – 43e, Pericles successors fail – 58, Commons
revolt once armed – 68, Generals punished for making peace – 122, False witness
against Alcibiades granted immunity – 161, Political considerations = evil –
173, Athenians blame others – forget their own vote – 191, Destruction of
Athenian freedom – 208, Lies and Civil War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Revolution: Evils of
revolution – Murder of prisoners – 96, Calamities of war / evils of revolution
– 97, “Party” and love of power, the cause of evil – 99, Inferior intellects
succeed best – 100, Coup by the Oligarchs – 206. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Resources: Athens equal
to Sparta and their allies – 43c. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Revenge: Revenge not good,
no guarantee of victory – 120. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Service: Doing good to
others – 52p.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ships: Corinth built
the first triremes – 9.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sicilian City calls for
Athenian help: The call – 102. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Skill: value – 163, Hard
work over comes want of discipline – 164. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Soldiers: Rowers are warrior
– 7, Athenians fight for their city – 52q. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Socialism: Covetousness
and enmity – Socialism and blind hate – 101. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sparta: Laws good – 10,
Compared to Athens – 20, Resolve – 26, The hardest school – 27, Motivated by
Athenian Power – 32, Promise from Delphi – 33, Plague aids promise of Delphi –
53i, Plataeans seek Justice from Sparta – 88, Spartan surrender – 115, Brasidas
in Acanthus – 123, Authority, command of the Spartan King – 134, All Spartans
are officers – 135, Spartan numbers and formation – 136, Spartan marching to
music – 137, Each soldier covers his comrade – 138, Win by courage alone – 139,
Gylippus’ call for vengeance – 180.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Speeches: How Thucydides
will present – 13, Pericles on the war – 42 a – k,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nicias before the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sicilian campaign – 143-149.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Themistocles: Calls for
a wall – 28, On the Piraeus – 29, Becomes a great man in Persia – 42. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thermopylae: To compare
small things with great – 114. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Theseus: Sets up Athens
– 49. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thucydides -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How Thucydides will present speeches– 13,
Thucydides had the plague– 53b, Count of dates – 128, Banished for twenty years
– 131. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Trade: Basis of
Athenian wealth – 52j. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Training:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athens’s superior – 52k, Protect your
comrades – 138. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Unwritten Laws –
transgression = recognition of general sentiment – 52h, Appeal to the Law of
Arms – 90.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">U. S Government: Second
Amendment – 6, Compare to Athens and Sparta – 20, Freedom a gift of the
ancestors – 52c, Empire a gift of the fathers – 52d, Riches a gift to ourselves
– 52e, Democracy as a form of government – 52f, Equality of opportunity – 52g,
Freedom – 52h, Unwritten Laws – 52g, Commons revolt once armed – 68, Athenians
– self-evident truth – 140p, Constitutional Convention – 207.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Walls: Themistocles
calls for a wall – 28, Long Walls – 31, Of Athens – 48. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">War: Greatest War – 12,
Happen again – 14, Importance of <u>this</u> war – 1, Persian War, aftermath
and process – 11, Inevitable – 18, Battle (Cheimerium) described – 19, Corinthian
call for war – 34, Dangers – 37, Assures peace – 38, Pericles call to be firm –
43b, Property and owners – 43d, Naval skills valuable – 43f, Mercenaries unreliable
– 43g, Men more important than houses or land – 43h, Don’t try to extend empire
– 43i, How to win (Pericles) 43k, Beginnings, full of energy – 44, Danger of
overconfidence (Archidamus) – 45a, Steps to victory (Archidamus) 45b,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Defeated, how Athens lost, Persian
involvement – 59, War crimes – 60, Preemptive war – 63, The metics fight – 64, General’s
key to success – 69, Appeal to the Law of Arms – 90, Keep the soldiers busy –
106, Athenian v Lacedaemonian military excellence – 107, Dangers of “Guerilla
War” – 111, Rowers (Oarsmen) also soldiers, not slaves – 112, Value of missile
weapons – 113, Why war – 118, Why don’t we make peace? – 119, Barbarians are
ineffectual soldiers – 124, War lasts 27 years – 130, Protect your comrades in
battle – 138, Reasons for war – 142, Winner defined – 168, Technology and tactics
– 169, Motivation in battle – 181, Armies watch battle from shore – 182, Greatest
war – 190, Implication of the loss in Sicily – 192, The Athenians will not give
way – 193, Retreat better than defeat – 197.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 12pt 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Words: Changing the
meanings of words – 98. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-35045918657225697042016-09-16T13:36:00.001-06:002016-09-22T08:06:44.927-06:00The Boys in the Boat - Daniel James Brown<div style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This is one of the best books I've read in a long time, it is one of the best books I have ever read. Below are 129 chosen quotes followed by an index to help in finding specific topics. Read the book, check out the quotes. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;">The Boys in the Boat<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daniel James Brown <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the Beauty of the Sport (Prolog):</b>
In a sport like this—hard work, not much glory, but still popular in every
century—well, there must be some beauty which ordinary men can’t see, but
extraordinary men do. p. 1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">2<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock on unseen values (Ch 1):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having rowed myself since the tender age of
twelve and having been around rowing ever since, I believe I can speak
authoritatively on what we may call the unseen values of rowing—social, moral,
and spiritual values of this oldest of chronicled sports in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No didactic teaching will place these values
in a young man’s soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has to get
them by his own observation and lessons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>P. 7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">3<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. History – The Great Depression:</b> Along
the waterfront, seaplanes from the Gorst Air Transport Company rose slowly from
the surface of Puget Sound and droned westward, flying low under the cloud
cover, beginning their short hops over the naval shipyard at Bremerton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ferries crawled away from Colman Dock on
water as flat and dull as old pewter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Downtown, the Smith Tower pointed, like an upraised finger, toward
somber skies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the streets below the
tower, men in fraying suit coats, worn-out shoes, and battered felt fedoras
wheeled wooden carts toward the street corners where they would spend the day
selling apples and oranges and packages of gum for a few pennies apiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around the corner, on the steep incline of
Yesler Way, Seattle’s old, original Skid Road, more men stood in long lines,
heads bent, regarding the wet sidewalks and talking softly among themselves as
they waited for the soup kitchens to open.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Trucks form the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Post
Intelligencer</i> rattled along cobblestone streets, dropping off bundles of
newspapers. Newsboys in woolen caps lugged the bundles to busy intersections,
to trolley stops, and to hotel entrances. Where they held the papers aloft,
hawking them for two cents a copy, shouting the day’s headline: “15,000,000 to
Get U. S. Relief.” A few blocks south of Yesler, in a shantytown sprawling
along the edge of Elliott Bay, children awoke in damp cardboard boxes that
served as beds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their parents crawled
out of tin-and-tar-paper shacks and into the stench of sewage and rotting
seaweed from the mudflats to the west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They broke apart wooden crates and stooped over smoky campfires, feeding
the flames. The looked up at the uniform gray skies and, seeing in them tokens
of much colder weather ahead, wondered how they would make it through another
winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Northwest of downtown, in the
old Scandinavian neighborhood of Ballard, tugboats belching plumes of black
smoke nosed long rafts of logs into the locks that would raise them to the
level of Lake Washington. But the gritty shipyards and boat works clustered
around the locks were largely quiet, nearly abandoned in fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Salmon Bay, just to the east, dozens of
fishing boats, unused for months, sat bobbing at moorage, the paint peeling
form their weathered hulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Phinney
Ridge, looming above Ballard, wood smoke curled up from the stovepipes and
chimneys of hundreds of modest homes and dissolved into the mist overhead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the fourth year of the Great
Depression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One in four working
Americans—ten million people—had no job and no prospects of finding one, and
only a quarter of them were receiving any kind of relief.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Industrial production had fallen by half in
those four years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least one million,
and perhaps as many as two million, were homeless, living on the streets or in
shantytowns like Seattle’s Hooverville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In many American towns, it was impossible to find a bank whose doors
weren’t permanently shuttered; behind those doors the savings of countless
American families had disappeared forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nobody could say when, or if, the hard times would ever end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And perhaps that was the worst of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether you were a banker or a baker, a
homemaker or homeless, it was with you night and day—a terrible, unrelenting
uncertainty about the future, a feeling that the ground could drop out from
under you for good at any moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
March an oddly appropriate movie had come out and quickly become a smash hit: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">King Kong</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Long lines formed in front of movie theaters
around the country. People of all ages shelling out precious quarters and dimes
to see the story of a huge, irrational beast that had invaded the civilized
world, taken its inhabitants into its clutches, and left them dangling over the
abyss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 7-9<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">4<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Smoking good for you adds:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others dangled cigarettes from their lips,
and as they paged through the day’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle
Post-Intelligencer</i> they could take satisfaction in the half-page add that
trumpeted the latest proof of the health benefits of smoking. “21 of 23 Giants
World’s Champions Smoked Camels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
Takes Healthy Nerves to Win the World Series.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 11 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson and the power of a good coach:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He commanded enormous respect among his boys,
but he did so almost entirely without raising his voice, almost, in fact,
without speaking to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His few words
were so carefully chosen and so effectively delivered that every one of them
feel like a blade or a balm on the boy to whom they were delivered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He strictly forbade his boys form smoking,
cursing, or drinking, though he was known occasionally to do all three himself
when safely out of sight or earshot of his crews.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the boys, he seemed at times almost devoid
of emotion, yet year after year he somehow managed to stir the deepest and most
affirmative emotions many of the had ever know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 16-17<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to select a crew:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that, Ulbrickson knew, had to start here
on this dock, with the boys who were now wandering off into the waning
light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somewhere among the—those green
and untested boys—lay much of the stock from which he would have to select a
crew capable of going all the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
trick would be to find which few of them had the potential for raw power, the
nearly superhuman stamina, the indomitable willpower, and the intellectual
capacity necessary to master the details of technique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And which of them, coupled improbably with
all those other qualities, had the most important one: the ability to disregard
his own ambitions, to throw his ego over the gunwales, to leave it swirling in
the wake of his shell, and to pull, not just for himself, not just for glory,
but for the other boys in the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 23<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the growing of trees (Ch. 2):</b>
These giants of the forest are something to behold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some have been growing for a thousand years,
and each tree contains its own story of the centuries, long struggle for
survival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking at the annular rings
of the wood, you can tell what seasons they have been through.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some drought years they almost perished,
as growth is barely perceptible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
others, the growth was far greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Father and son and falling stars:</b> Most
of all he missed the times he and his father would sit out at night on the
cabin’s porch and stare up into the astonishing swirls of stars simmering in
the black vault of the Idaho night sky, saying nothing, just being together,
breathing in the cold air, waiting for a falling star to wish on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Keep on watching,” his father would
say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Keep your eyes peeled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You never know when one is going to
fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only time you don’t see them
is when you stop watching for them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
missed that something terrible. p. 37 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">9<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Finding things of value in unlikely
places:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One autumn day the
schoolteacher took Joe and the rest of his students on a natural-history field
trip into the woods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He led them to an
old, rotten stump on which a large white fungus was growing—a rounded,
convoluted mass of creamy folds and wrinkles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The teacher; plucked the fungus off the stump, held it aloft, and
proclaimed it a cauliflower mushroom, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparassis
radicata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Not only was it edible,
the teacher exclaimed, but is was delicious when stewed slowly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The revelation that one could find free food
just sitting on a stump in the woods landed on Joe like a thunderbolt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That night he lay in his bunk in the
schoolhouse, staring into the dark rafters above, thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There seemed to be more than a schoolroom science
lesson in the discovery of the fungus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
you simply kept your eyes open, it seemed, you just might find something
valuable in the most unlikely of places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That trick was to recognize a good thing when you saw it, no matter how odd
or worthless it might at first appear, no matter who else might just walk away
and leave it behind . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 37<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">10<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock on coaching, teaching, learning
(Ch 3):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every good rowing coach, in
his own way, imparts to his men the kind of self-discipline required to achieve
the ultimate from mind, heart, and body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Which is why most ex-oarsmen will tell you they learned more
fundamentally important lessons in the racing shell than in the classroom. p.
39 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Punishment equals beauty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Competitive rowing is an undertaking of
extraordinary beauty preceded by brutal punishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike most sports, which draw primarily on
particular muscle groups, rowing makes heavy and repeated use of virtually
every muscle in the body, despite the fact that a rower, as Al Ulbrickson liked
to put it. “scrimmages on his posterior annex.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And rowing makes these muscular demands not at odd intervals but in
rapid sequence, over a protracted period of time, repeatedly and without respite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one occasion, after watching the
Washington freshmen practice, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle
Post-Intelligencer’s </i>Royal Brougham marveled at the relentlessness of the
sport: “Nobody ever took time out in a boat race,” he noted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There’s no place to stop and get a
satisfying drink of water or a lungful of cool, invigorating air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You just keep your eyes glued on the red,
perspiring neck of the fellow ahead of you and row until they tell you it’s all
over . . . Neighbor, it’s no game for a softy.” p. 39<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">12<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Muscles needed to row:</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you row, the major muscles in your arms,
legs, a back—particularly the quadriceps, triceps, biceps, deltoids, latissimus
dorsi, abdominals, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles—do most of the grunt work,
propelling the boat forward against the unrelenting resistance of water and
wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, scores of
smaller muscles in the neck, wrists, hands and even feet continually fine-tune
your efforts, holding the body inconstant equipoise in order to maintain the
exquisite balance necessary to keep a twenty-four-inch-wide vessel—roughly the
width of a man’s waist—on and even keel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The result of all this muscular effort, on both the larger scale and the
smaller one, is that your body burns calories and consumes oxygen at a rate
that is unmatched in almost any other human endeavor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Physiologists in fact, have calculated that
rowing a two-thousand-meter race—the Olympic standard—takes the same
physiological toll as playing two basketball games back-to-back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it exacts that toll in about six
minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 39-40 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Oxygen consumption and bodily stress:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A well-conditioned oarsman or oarswoman
competing at the highest levels must be able to take in and consume as much as
eight liters of oxygen per minute: an average male is capable of taking in
roughly four to five liters at most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pound for pound, Olympic oarsmen may take in and process as much oxygen
as a thoroughbred racehorse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
extraordinary rate of oxygen intake is of only so much value, it should be
noted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While 75-80 percent of the energy
a rower produces in a two-thousand-meter race is aerobic energy fueled by
oxygen, races always begin, and usually end, with hard sprints.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These sprints require levels of energy
production that far exceed the body’s capacity to produce aerobic energy,
regardless of oxygen intake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead the
body must immediately produce anaerobic energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This, in turn, produces large quantities of lactic acid, and that acid
rapidly builds up in the tissue of the muscles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The consequence is that the muscles often begin to scream in agony
almost from the outset of a race and continue screaming until the very
end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it’s not only the muscles that
scream. The skeletal system to which all those muscles are attached also
undergoes tremendous strains and stresses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Without<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proper training and conditioning—and
sometimes even with them—competitive rowers are apt to experience a wide
variety of ills in the knees, hips, shoulders, elbows, ribs, neck, and above
all the spine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These injuries and
complaints range from blisters to sever tendonitis, bursitis, slipped
vertebrae, rotator cuff dysfunction, and stress fractures, particularly
fractures of the ribs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 40 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coach Bolles warns of the difficult task
ahead:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those first weeks,
Bolles’s topic varied each day, depending on factors as unpredictable as the
Seattle weather or what particular infelicities of technique he had noticed in
the previous practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe soon noted
that two larger and intertwined themes inevitably came up in these talks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys heard time and again that the course
they had chosen to embark on was difficult almost beyond imagining, that both
their bodies and their moral characters would be tested in the months ahead,
that only a very few of them who possessed near superhuman physical endurance
and mental toughness would prove good enough to wear the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">W </i>on their chests, and that by Christmas break most of them would
have given up, perhaps to play something less physically and intellectually
demanding, like football.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Bolles
sometimes spoke of life-transforming experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held out the prospect of becoming a part
of something larger than themselves, of finding in themselves something that
did not yet know they possessed, of growing from boyhood to manhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At times he dropped his voice a bit and
shifted his tone and cadence and talked of near mystical moments on the
water—moments of pride, elation, and deep affection for one’s fellow oarsmen,
moments they would remember, cherishes, and recount to their grandchildren when
they were old men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moments, even, that
would bring them nearer to God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 41 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">15<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock grows up:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Yeoman Pocock was all but born with an
oar in his hands. He came into the world at Kingston upon Thames on March 23,
1891, within sight of some of the finest rowing water in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was descended form a long line of boat
builders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His paternal grandfather had
made his living handcrafting rowboats for the professional watermen who plied
the Thames in London, providing water-taxi and ferry services as their
predecessors had done for centuries. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock’s maternal grandfather also worked in the boatbuilding trade,
designing and constructing a wide variety of small craft, among them the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lady Alice, </i>the custom-built sectional
boat that Sir Henry Stanley used to search for Dr. David Livingstone in Central
Africa in 1874.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His uncle Bill had built
the first keel-less shell, in his boatbuilding shop under London Bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father, Aaron, had taken up the trade as
well. Building racing shells for Eton College, where gentlemen’s sons had been
rowing competitively since the 1790’s. And it was in Eton’s ancient boathouse,
just across the river from the looming eminence of Windsor Castle, that George
had grown up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At age fifteen, he signed
papers formally apprenticing himself to his father, and for the next six years
he worked side by side with him, laboring with hand tools to maintain and add
to Eton’s prodigious fleet of racing shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But George didn’t just build boats; he also learned to row them, and to
row them very well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He carefully studied
the rowing style of the Tames watermen—a style characterized by short but
powerful strokes with a quick catch and a quick release—and adapted it to the
purpose of racing in a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The style
he developed soon proved to be in many ways superior to the traditional longer
stroke taught at Eton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Messing about on
the Thames after formal practice, the aristocratic Eton boys discovered that
George and his brother, Dick, although their social inferiors, could be counted
on to leve them in their wakes time and again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It wasn’t long before the Pocock boys found themselves giving informal
rowing lessons to the likes of the young Anthony Eden, to Prince Prajadipok
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siam, and to Lord Grosvenor, son of
the Duke of Westminster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock,
in turn, learned something for the highborn Eton lads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was inclined by nature to do whatever he
attempted on the highest possible level—to master each and every tool he laid
hands on in his father’s shop, to learn how to row the most efficient stroke,
to build the most elegant and best-performing racing shell possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, feeling the sting of British class
distinctions, pondering the difference between how he and his father spoke and
how they were spoken to, he decided to put in the effort to learn to speak, not
with his natural cockney accent, but with the crisp “educated” accent of the
boys they served.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, to almost
everyone’s amazement, he did it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
crisp voice soon stood out in the boathouse, not as an affectation but as a
point of pride and a demonstration of his deep commitment to grace, precision,
and what would turn out to be a lifelong pursuit of the ideal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Impressed by George’s perseverance, and by
his ability on the water, Aaron Pocock entered him in a professional race, the
Sportsman Handicap at Putney on the Thames, when he was seventeen. He told his
son he could build his own boat for the contest from scrap lumber in the Eton
boathouse and gave him some advice that George never forgot: “No one will ask
you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how long</i> it took to build; they
will only ask <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">who</i> built it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So George took his time, carefully and
meticulously handcrafting a single sculling shell from Norwegian pine and
mahogany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Putney he slipped his boat
into the water, leaned deep into his oars, and over the course of three heats
defeated a field of fifty-eight oarsmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He came home with a small fortune: fifty pounds in prize money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 42-43<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Building beautiful boats in bad conditions:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1912 things started looking up for the
Pocock boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Vancouver Rowing Club,
hearing of their reputation in England, commissioned them to build two single
sculls for one hundred dollars apiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Pococks set up shop in an old, derelict shed floating on timbers
fifty yards offshore in Coal Harbor and then finally resumed what would be
their life’s work—crafting fine racing shells, They set to work tirelessly in
their shop downstairs, stopping only at night, to sleep in an unheated room
above the shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conditions were not
ideal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daylight showed through the roof,
and wind and rain shuddered through wide gaps between the wallboards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To bathe, they had to dive out their bedroom
window and into the cold salt chuck of the harbor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For drinking water, they had to row over to a
public fountain in Stanly Park.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
time to time, the shed slipped its anchor and drifted aimlessly among inbound
and outbound ocean liners while the Pococks slept.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At low tide the shed sat on the sloping mud
bank, listing twenty-five degrees from bow to stern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the tide surged back in, the waterlogged
timbers on which the structure was built weighed it down and held it fast to
the mud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George later described the
daily routine: “The water would rise in the shop while we took refuge in the
room above and tried to estimate when the next act of the drama would occur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually, with a swish and a roar, the logs
would break the mud’s hold, and up would come the building, like a surfacing
submarine, with the water rushing out the door at each end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then we could start working again, until the
next change of tide.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The brothers
completed the work nonetheless, and as word of their craftsmanship spread
across Canada they began to get new commissions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By mid-192 the two of them—just twenty and
twenty-one—were beginning to feel that they had their feet under them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 44-45 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conibear Stroke:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When George began to watch the Washington
oarsmen on the water, he quickly spotted inefficiencies and deficiencies in the
mechanics of their stroke that no amount of fiddling with a skeleton could
fix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first he held his peace, not
inclined by nature to offer unsolicited advice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But when Conibear began to ask the Pocock’s for their opinion about his
boys’ rowing, George gradually spoke up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He began to teach Conibear elements of the stroke that he had learned
from Thames watermen in his boyhood and taught to the boys at Eton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conibear listened eagerly, learned quickly,
and what came to be called the “Conibear stroke” soon evolved from those
discussions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It featured a shorter
layback, a quicker catch, and a shorter but more powerful pull in the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It left the oarsmen sitting more upright at
the end of the stroke, ready to slide forward and begin the next stroke more
quickly and with less fuss and bother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It differed conspicuously from the rowing stroke long used by the
eastern schools (and Eton), with its exaggerated layback and long recovery, and
it began almost immediately to result in Washington’s first significant
victories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before long, even the eastern
schools were taking note of the Conibear stroke, trying to figure out how
something so unorthodox could be so successful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 47 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Driving out the weak:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the freshmen of 1933 flailed at their
oars in the first few days, Tom Bolles and Al Ulbrickson strode up and down <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old Nero’s </i>walkway in gray flannel suits
and fedoras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson mostly just
watched the boys, quietly, still sizing them up, Bolles, however, barked at
them continuously—to grip the oar this way and not that, to square their blades
to the water, to straighten their backs, to bend their knees, to straighten
their knees, to pull harder one moment, to ease up another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was bewildering and backbreaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old
Nero</i> was designed, in part, to drive boys who, by temperament, weren’t cut
out for crew—“mollycoddles,” Ulbrickson called them—to an early realization of
the fact, before they could break expensive oars and racing shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys strained and heaved and gasped for
breath, but for all their efforts they moved <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old Nero</i> only slowly and erratically out of the Cut and onto the
ruffled expanse of Lake Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
they tried to absorb their lessons and experience, and to synchronize their
efforts, they lived in constant fear of making any of the many egregious errors
Bolles kept pointing out to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Catching a crab:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One error in particular required no
scolding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They soon learned that if the
blades of the oars entered the water too deeply, at the wrong angle, or out of
time with the others, or if they remained in the water a fraction of a second
too long at the end of a stroke, they were apt to “catch a crab”: The oar would
suddenly and irretrievably become stuck in the water, immobilized as surely as
if some sort of gargantuan crustacean had reached up from the depths and seized
the blade, holding it fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old Nero</i> would keep going but the oar
would not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boy holding the oar would
either be smacked hard in the chest and knocked out of his seat or, if he held
on to the oar too long, be catapulted unceremoniously into the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ever stroke he took thus offered each boy the
possibility of a wet, cold, and spectacularly public form of humiliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What had to be learned to stroke; like
playing golf: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of the freshmen
in fact, found it easy to master it. To achieve even a reasonable smooth and
powerful stroke, they had to learn to execute a series of precisely timed and
carefully coordinated moves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facing the
stern of the boat, each boy began with his chest bent over his knees, his arms
stretched out in front of him, and both hands gripping the handle of his one
long oar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the beginning of the
stroke, the “catch,” he dropped the blade of his oar into the water and leaned
his torso back hard, toward the bow, keeping his back ramrod straight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As his shoulders came vertical over the
center of his body, he began the “leg drive” by propelling his legs forward,
his seat sliding toward the bow on greased runners beneath him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simultaneously, he pulled the oar toward his
chest against the resistance of the water, throwing all the strength of his
combined arm, back, and leg muscles into the stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the oar came to his chest, and with his
back inclined about fifteen degrees toward the bow, he reached the full extent
of his “layback.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he began his
“release.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dropped his hands toward
his waist and pulled the blade quickly and decisively form the water while at
the same time rolling the wrist of the hand nearest the water in order to
“feather the blade parallel to the surface of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next, to begin the “recovery,” he rotated his
shoulders forward and pushed his arms sternward against the oar while pulling
his knees up toward his chest, thus propelling his body forward on the sliders
back into the crouched position in which he had begun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, as the boat moved forward beneath
him, he again rotated the oar to bring the blade perpendicular to the surface
of the next catch, dropped it cleanly back into the water at precisely the same
moment as the other boys, and immediately repeated the entire procedure over
and over again at whatever rate the coxswain was calling for through the small
megaphone strapped on his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Done
correctly this process levered the boat forward in the water smoothly and
powerfully, but it had to be done in one continuous and unbroken cycle of
uncoiling and coiling the body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had
to be done rapidly, and it had to be done in precisely the same manner—at the
same rate and with the same amount of applied power—as everyone else in the
boat was doing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was maddeningly
difficult, as if eight men standing on a floating log that threatened to roll
over whenever they moved had to hit eight golf balls at exactly the same
moment, with exactly the same amount of force, directing the ball to exactly the
same point on the green, and doing so over and over, every two or three
seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 50-51<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe knew how to hurt:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Joe made his way down to the shell house
every afternoon, he saw more and more familiar boys—boys who had abandoned
their boats—lounging on the grass in front of Suzzallo Library,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>casting him quick glances as he passed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hurting was taking its toll, and that was
just fine with Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hurting was nothing
new to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 51<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">22<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Georg Pocock on overcoming resistance
makes you stronger (Ch. 4):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
hard to make the boat go as fast as you want to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The enemy, of course, is resistance of the
water, as you have to displace the amount of water equal to the weight of men
and equipment, but that very water is what supports you and that very enemy is
your friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So is life: the very
problems you must overcome also support you and make you stronger in overcoming
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 53<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bears and cougars:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The woods just beyond the property were full
of bears and cougars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That troubled
Thula and made her understandably nervous about her flock of small children,
but Joe thrilled at night when he heard the bears splashing as they fished in
the pond or the cougars screeching as they met their mates in the dark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 55 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Depression:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A month later came a much more serious
calamity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rural economy of the
United States had already been in desperate straits for some time by that
fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Huge surpluses of wheat, corn,
milk, pork, and beef produced in the Midwest had caused the price of farm commodities
to crash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wheat brought in only a tenth
of what it had nine or ten years before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In Iowa a bushel of corn fetched less than the price of a packet of gum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the price collapse began to spread to the
Far West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things in Sequim were not yet
as hard as on the Great Plains, but they were hard enough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Rantz farm, like countless others across
the country, had so far barely managed to remain profitable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when they picked up the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sequim Press</i> on October 30 and read what
had happened in New York over the last several days, Harry and Thula Rantz knew
the cold certainty that the world had utterly changed, that they would not long
be sheltered from the storm on Wall Street, not even in Sequim, out in the far
northwestern corner of the whole country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 57<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He did get up:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe lay in bed for a long time, listening,
remembering the days he had spent lying in bed in his aunt’s attic in
Pennsylvania listening to the mournful sound of trains in the distance, with
fear and aloneness weighing on him, pressing down on his chest, pushing him
into the mattress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The feeling was
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did not want to get up, did not
really care if he ever got up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally,
though, he did get up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He made a fire in
the woodstove, put water on to boil, fried some bacon, and made some coffee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very slowly, as he ate the bacon and the
coffee cleared his mind, the spinning in his head began to diminish and he
found himself creeping up on a new realization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He opened his eyes and seized it, took it in, comprehended it all at
once, and found that it came accompanied by a fierce determination, a sense of
rising resolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was sick and tired
of finding himself in this positon—scared and hurt and abandoned and endlessly
asking himself why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever else came
his way, he wasn’t going to let anything like this happen again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From now on, he would make his own way, find
his own route to happiness, as his father had said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d prove to his father and to himself that
he could do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wouldn’t become a
hermit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked other people too much
for that, and friends could help push away the loneliness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would never again let himself depend on
them, though, nor on his family, nor on anyone else, for his sense of who he
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would survive, and he would do
it on his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 59 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">26<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. The Depression:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crash had started on Wall Street, but it
quickly brought down communities from coast to coast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Downtown Sequim was desolate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The State Bank of Sequim was still afloat but
would fail within months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More and more
storefronts were boarded up every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As Joe sang, dogs sat on their haunches on the wooden sidewalks watching
him idly, scratching their fleas in the rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Black cars bounced down the unpaved street, splashing through muddy
potholes, sending up jets of brown water, but the drivers paid Joe little
heed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About the only audience he could
count on was a bearded character everyone called the Mad Russian, who had been
wandering Sequim’s streets barefoot and muttering to himself for a long as
anyone could remember.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 60 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe grows strong – good grades:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all of his Joe grew continually stronger
and ever more self-reliant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through it
all he stayed in school and earned good grades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the end of the day, though, he remained stoically alone, returning
each night to the empty, half-finished house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 62<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charlie McDonald, cottonwood trees and a
two horse team, synergy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
months that followed, Joe hunted for new opportunities in Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just down Silberhorn Road, he found part-time
work helping his older neighbor, Charlie McDonald.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>McDonald made his living logging—harvesting
enormous cottonwood trees that grew in the gravelly bottomlands along the
Dungeness River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The work was
backbreaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cottonwoods were so
immense—their diameters so great—that it sometimes took an hour or more for Joe
and Charlie to fell just one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pulling an
eighty-four-inch two-man saw back and forth through the soft white
heartwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the spring, when the sap
was running, it jetted up out of the stumps three or four feet into the air
after the trees finally toppled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then Joe and Charlie lopped off all the branches with axes, pried the
bark from the logs with long iron bars, and harnessed them to Charlie’s draft
horses, Fritz and Dick, so they could be dragged out of the woods and sent off
to the pulp mill in Port Angeles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charlie had been gasses in the Great War, his vocal cords all but
destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At best he could manage
croaks and whispers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they worked
together, Joe marveled at how Charlie could command the ponderous draft horses
to do his bidding with a barely audible “gee” or “haw” or, as often as not,
simply a whistle and nod of his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charlie would give a signal, and in unison Fritz and Dick would squat
down on their haunches while he chained them up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d give another signal, and the two would
rise and pull as if they were one horse, their movements crisply
synchronized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And they pulled with all
their hearts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When horses pulled like
that, Charlie told Joe, they could pull far more than twice what each could
pull alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’d pull, he said, till
the log moved, the harness broke, or their hearts gave out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 62-63<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gymnastics – his link to Ulbrickson:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One spring day in 1932, as Joe was practicing
“giants” on the high bar in the gym, he noticed a tall man in a dark gray suit and
a fedora, standing in the doorway and watching him intently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The man disappeared, but a few minutes later
Fred walked into the gym and called Joe over to the door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“A fellow just came into my classroom and
asked who you were,” Fred said. “Said he was from the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gave me this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Said you should look him up when you get to
the U.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That he might be able to use a
fellow like you.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fred handed Joe a
card, and Joe glanced down at it: Alvin M Ulbrickson . . . p. 67 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Remembering the smell:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She [Joyce] rushed through the woods looking
for Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When she found him, he always
hugged her tight, smelling, as she would remember seventy years later on her
deathbed, of wet wood and sweat and the sweet wildness of the outdoors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 68<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on endurance- no time outs
(Ch.5):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing is perhaps the
toughest of sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the race
starts, there are no time-outs, no substitutions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It calls upon the limits of human
endurance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The coach must therefore
impart the secrets of the special kind of endurance that come from mind, heart,
and body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing in the rain:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rain pelted their bare heads and
shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their oars slapped against
wind-tossed waves, sending up plumes of icy spray that blew back into their
faces and stung their eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their hands
grew so numb that they could never be sure they had a proper hold on their
oars. They could not feel their ears or noses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The icy water of the lake beneath them seemed to suck warmth and energy
out of them more quickly than they could produce it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their aching muscles cramped up the moment
they stopped moving them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And they
dropped like flies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dust Bowl:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A pall of another, quite literal, sort
continued to hang over the larger world as well that month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On November 11 farmers in the Dakotas awoke
after a windy night to find something they had never seen before—daytime skies
turned black by topsoil scoured from their fields and carried aloft by the
wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next day the skies over Chicago
grew dark and the dust cloud traveled eastward, and a few days later people in
upstate New York looked up, astonished into skies the color of rust.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody knew it yet, but the dust that month,
that first “black blizzard,” was merely a harbinger of what would come to be
call the Dust Bowl, the second great act in the long tragedy of the 1930s and
early 1940s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The winds of November 1933
would soon be followed by others, even stronger, that would blow away much of
the topsoil of the American plains and send hundreds of thousands of refugees
streaming westward across the continent in search of jobs that did not
exist—adrift, rootless, homeless, dispossessed in their own land, their
confidence as well and their livelihoods carried away on the wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 76 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">34. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the 1</span><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> boat – tears of joy:</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even now that they had stopped rowing, their
breathing was synchronize, and for a brief, fragile moment it seemed to Joe as
if all of them were part of a single thing . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe gulped huge drafts of the frigid air and
sat staring at the scene, watching it turn into a soft blur of colors as, for
the first time since his family had left him, tears filled his eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He turned his face to the water, fiddling
with his oar lock so the others would not see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He didn’t know where the tears had come from, what they were all
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But something inside him had
shifted, if only for a few moments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
78-79<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rains of 33:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the second day of December 1933, it began
to rain in Seattle as it had never rained before and has never rained
since.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next thirty days, there
was only one day when the skies were not leaden with clouds, only four when it
did not rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of the month,
fourteen and a quarter inches of rain had fallen at the University of
Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fifteen and a third inches
had fallen downtown, still the all-time record for any month of the year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some days it drizzled; some days it
poured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Either way, it just kept
coming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rivers all across western
Washington—the Chehalis, the Snoqualmie, the Duwamish, the Skokomish, the
Stillaguamish, the Snohomish—overflowed their banks, sweeping away farmhouses,
washing millions of tons of topsoil into Puget Sound, flooding the commercial
districts of riverside communities form the Canadian border all the way south
to the Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>North of Seattle the swollen
Skagit River sliced through earthen dikes near its mouth and sent tidal salt
water spilling across twenty thousand acres of the richest farmland in the
state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many of Seattle’s nicest
hillside neighborhoods—places like Alki and Madrona and Magnolia—homes slid
from eroding bluffs and tumbled into Lake Washington or Puget Sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roadways cracked and followed the homes
downhill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Downtown, storm water
overwhelmed the sewers, bubbled up through manholes, and flooded the streets
and businesses of the low-lying International District.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the miserable shantytown spread out along
the shore of Elliott Bay, unrelenting rain dissolved newspaper that had been
wadded into chinks in flimsy walls, soaked its way through the weather-beaten
fabric of old tents, and dripped through rusty corrugated steel roofs, soaking
old mattresses lying on muddy floors and chilling to the bone those who tried
to sleep on them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 79<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on his goal to be a
first-class artisan (Ch. 6):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
ambition has always been to be the greatest shell builder in the world; and
without false modesty, I believe I have attained that goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I were to sell the Boeing stock, I fear I
would lose my incentive and become a wealthy man, but a second-rate
artisan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I prefer to remain a
first-class artisan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 83<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The hard fight, rowing against rain and
cold and each other:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It rained, and
they rowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They rowed through cutting
wind, bitter sleet, and occasional snow, well into the dark of the night every
evening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They rowed with cold rainwater
running down their backs, pooling in the bottom of the boat, and sloshing back
and forth under their sliding seats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
local sportswriter who watched them work out that month observed that “it
rained and rained and rained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it
rained and rained and rained.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another
commented that they “could have turned their shells upside down and rowed
without making much difference in their progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was nearly as wet above the surface of the
lake as it was below.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through it all,
Bolles followed them doggedly back and forth across Lake Washington and down
the Montlake Cut into Lake Union, where they rowed past the wet, black hulls
and dripping bowsprits of old lumber schooners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Riding through the slop and the chop in the open cockpit of his brass-trimmed,
mahogany-planked motor launch, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alumnus</i>,
wearing a bright yellow rain slicker, he bellowed commands at them through his
megaphone until his voice grew hoarse and his throat sore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once again boys who had endured the bitter
cold workouts in October and November now placed their oars in rack at the end
of the day, climbed wearily back up the hill, and refused to come back for
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four boat loads soon became three,
and by the end of the month Bolles sometimes had a hard time filling the third boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the boys in Joe’s boat stuck it out, but
the easy camaraderie that had briefly felt the first time they went out
together on Lake Union in November quickly evaporated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anxiety, self-doubt, and bickering replace
that night’s buoyant optimism as Bolles scrutinized each of them anew, trying
to figure out who to keep in the boat and who to demote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 84 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On coaches (Ulbrickson and Ebright): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As difficult as he could sometimes be, though,
Ky Ebright, like Al Ulbrickson, was a remarkable coach—destined, like
Ulbrickson, for rowing’s hall of fame—and he cared deeply for the young men in
his charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The night California won
Olympic gold in Amsterdam in 1928, an emotional Ebright came to Blessng [a
coxswain he had scolded], put his arm around the younger man, and said with a
cracking voice, “You know, Don, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cussed
you a lot of times and made you mad a lot of times, but you’ve been the
greatest coxswain, the grates student, I’ve ever had, and I want you to know
how much I appreciate that.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It made me
cry,” Blessing later said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I mean, he
was God to me.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a feeling shared
by most of the boys Ebright coached, among them Robert McNamara, later the U.
S., secretary of defense, and the movie star Gregory Peck, who in 1997 donated
twenty-five thousand dollars to the Cal crew in Ebright’s memory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 86 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing the boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By and large, every rower in an eight-oared
shell does the same thing—pull an oar through the water as smoothly as
possible, as hard and as frequently as requested by the coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there are subtle differences in what is
expected of individual rowers depending on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>which seat they occupy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because
the rest of the boat necessarily goes where the bow goes, any deflection or
irregularity in the stroke of the oarsman in the bow seat has the greatest
potential to disrupt the course, speed, and stability of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So while the bow oarsman must be strong, like
all the others, it’s most important that he or she be technically proficient: capable
of pulling a perfect oar, stroke after stroke, without<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The same is true to a lesser extent of the rowers in the number two and
three seats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The four, five, and six
seats are often called “the engine room” of the crew, and the rowers who occupy
these seats are typically the biggest and strongest in the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While technique is still important in those
seats, the speed of the boat ultimately depends on the raw power of these
rowers and how efficiently they can transmit it through their oars and into the
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rower in the number seven
seat is something of a hybrid,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He or she
must be nearly as strong as the rowers in the engine room but must also be
particularly alert, constantly aware of and in tune with what is happening in
the rest of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He or she must
precisely match both the timing and the degree of power set by the rower in the
number eight seat, the “stroke oar,” and must transmit that information
efficiently back into the boat’s engine room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The stroke sits directly in front of and face to face with the coxswain,
who faces the bow and steers the shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Theoretically the stroke oar always rows at the rate and with the degree
of power called for by the coxswain, but in the end it is the stroke who
ultimately controls these things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone else in the boat rows at the rate and power at which the stroke
rows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When working well, the entire boat
operates like a well-lubricated machine, with every rower serving as a vital
link in a chain that powers that machine forward, somewhat like a bicycle
chain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 90-91 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strategy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bolles looked down at his stopwatch, saw the
freshmen’s two-mile time, and looked again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had known they were getting sharp, but now he knew in no uncertain
terms that he had the makings of something exceptional in his boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What he didn’t know was whether California
had something even more exceptional, as Ky Ebright seemed to be hinting in the
press. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That would be revealed a week
hence, on April 13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime, he
resolved to keep the time on his stopwatch to himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 93 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Two key factors – strength and speed:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are certain laws of physics by which
all crew coaches live and die. The speed of the racing shell is determined
primarily by two factors: the power produced by the combined strokes of the
oars, and the stroke rate, the number of strokes the crew takes each
minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So if two boats carrying the
same weight have the exact same stroke rate, the one producing more power per
stroke will pull ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If those two
boats have the exact same power per stroke but one has a higher stroke rate,
the one with the higher rate will pull ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A boat with both a very high stroke rate and very powerful strokes will
beat a boat that can’t match it on both counts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But, of course, oarsmen are human and no crew can maintain both powerful
strokes and a very high rate indefinitely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And, critically, the higher the stroke rate, the harder it is to keep
all the many individual movements of the crew synchronized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So every race is a balancing act, a series of
delicate and deliberate adjustments of power on one hand and stroke rate on the
other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may be that nobody ever
achieves absolutely optimal performance, but what Bolles had seen that day—his
crew rowing so comfortably at a high but sustainable rate and with such great
power—gave him every reason to think that someday these freshmen just might
pull it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 93-94 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The boys: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it wasn’t just their physical
prowess.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked the character of these
particular freshmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys who had
made it this far were rugged and optimistic in a way that seemed emblematic of
their western roots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were the
genuine article, mostly the products of lumber towns, dairy farms, mining
camps, fishing boats, and shipyards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They looked, they walked, and they talked as if they had spent most of
their lives out of doors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
hard times and their pinched circumstances, they smiled easily and openly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They extended calloused hands eagerly to
strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They looked you in the eye,
not as a challenge, but as an invitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They joshed you at the drop of a hat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They looked at impediments and saw opportunities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that, Bolles knew, added up to a lot of
potential in a crew, particularly if that crew got a chance to row in the
East.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Misdirection a strategic manipulation:</b>
Tom Bolles and Al Ulbrickson had read that account, and now they watched
California’s workout from shore with apparent concern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had taken their own boys out the same
day, with the press and Ebright looking on, only to have the freshmen turn back
after a mile, their rowing conspicuously lethargic and their shell half full of
water from the heavy chop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bolles had
returned gloomily to the dock and gone atypically out of his way to approach
the sportswriters assembled at the shell house, giving them a terse but bleak
forecast for the freshmen: “It looks as if we’ll be rowing from behind.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Misdirection was part of the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was easy enough to rig a shell so that
oars sat a little too close to the water and easy enough to pull a leisurely
oar but make it look hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Bolles’s
quote appeared the newspaper the next day, Joe cut it out, pasted it in his
scrapbook, and wrote next to it, “Coach said Cal had their neck out a
foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is giving out pessimistic
reports so they will stick them out farther.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Makes them easier to cut off.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
95 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The race – Washington’s freshmen’s victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>California exploded off the line, lashing the
water at a furious thirty-eight strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The silver prow of the shell immediately
surged a quarter length ahead of Washington’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Having seized the lead, Cal dropped its rate down a bit, to a more
sustainable thirty-two, and Grover Clark began blowing his whistle in time with
the stroke count.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington settled in
at thirty but held its position at a quarter length back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two boats churned up the lake for almost
a quarter of a mile, locked together in that configuration—Washington’s white
blades glinting in the sunlight, Cal’s flashing shards of blue,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sitting in the number three seat, Joe Rantz
was parallel with roughly the six or seven seat in the California boat; in the
seven seat, Roger Moris was parallel with nothing but open water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the boys had their minds fully in the
boat now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facing the stern, the only
thing any of them could see was the heaving back of the man in front of
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None had any idea how far ahead
Cal’s initial surge might have carried them. George Morry, facing forward knew
exactly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could see Grover Clark’s
backside in front of him, but he continued to hold Washington steady at thirty
strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they passed the <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>quarter-mile mark, the two boats slowly
came even.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington began to overtake
California, methodically, seat by seat, the boys still rowing at a remarkably
low thirty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the one-mile mark
Washington had open water on Cal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the
California boat fell into the field of view of the Washington boys, their
confidence surged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pain that had
been building in their arms and legs and chests did not abate, but it fled to
the back of their minds, chased there by a sense, almost, of
invulnerability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Cal boat, Grover
Clark pulled the whistle from his mouth and screamed out, “Gimme ten big ones!”
– the standard call in rowing for ten mammoth strokes, strokes as hard and
powerful as each oarsman can muster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
California oars bent like bows with the strain, and for those ten strokes the
boys form Cal held their position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
Washington remained out in front their lead—almost two lengths now—essentially
undiminished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the mile-and-a-half
mark, Clark called for another big ten, but by now Cal’s boys had given
everything they had to give, and Washington’s boys hadn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they entered the last half mile and came
into the lee of the hills at the north end of the lake, the headwind died
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cheers began to rise from the
semicircle of boats ahead, form the beaches, form the observation train working
its way along the shore, and—loudest of all—from the ferryboat chock-full of
students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The California boat labored to
catch up, Grover Clark’s whistle now shrieking like an out-of-control steam
locomotive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approaching the line and
already ahead by four lengths, George Morry finally called for a higher stroke
rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington boys stepped it up
to thirty-two and then all the way to thirty-six, just because they knew they
could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington sliced across the
finish line four and a half lengths ahead of California, and almost twenty
seconds ahead of the freshman course record, despite the headwind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shrill horns and cheers resounded all along
the shores of Lake Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Washington freshmen paddled over to the California boat and collected the
traditional trophy of victorious crews everywhere—the shirts off the backs of
their vanquished rivals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shook hands
with the crestfallen and shirtless Cal boys and then, exultant, paddled off the
course to stow their shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tom Bolles
cheerily loaded them on to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alumnus</i>,
then transported them to the student ferry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 98-99<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on rowing with the head (Ch.
7):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing a race is an art, not a
frantic scramble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It must be rowed with
head power as well as hand power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
the first stroke all thoughts of the other crew must be blocked out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your thoughts must be directed to you and
your own boat, always positive, never negative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 105 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to defeat and adversary – the secret:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To defeat an adversary who was your equal,
maybe even you superior, it wasn’t necessarily enough just to give your all
from start to finish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You had to master
your opponent mentally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the
critical moment in a close race was upon you, you had to know something he did
not—that down in your core you still had something in reserve, something you
had not yet shown, something that once revealed would make him doubt himself,
make him falter just when it counted the most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like so much in life, crew was partly about confidence, partly about
knowing your own heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 106 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">East – v – West:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1934 regatta was once again shaping up to
be a clash of eastern privilege and prestige on the one hand and western
sincerity and brawn on the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
financial terms, it was pretty starkly going to be a clash of old money versus
no money at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 114 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VICTORY:</b> At the crack of the starting
pistol, Syracuse immediately jumped in front, rowing at thirty-four, followed
closely by Washington, rowing at thirty-one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone else—Columbia, Rutgers, Pennsylvania, and Cornell—began to fall
behind almost immediately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At a quarter
of a mile down the river, it looked as if the Orange of Syracuse would, as
predicted, settle into the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But by
the half-mile mark, Washington had crept up and nosed ahead of them without
raising its stroke rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the leaders
swept under the railroad bridge at a mile, officials on the bridge set off a
salvo of three bombs, signifying that the boat in lane three, Washington, was
ahead with another mile still to go.. Slowly the bow of the Syracuse boat came
into Joe’s field of view, just beginning to fall away behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ignored it, focused instead on the oar in
his hands, pulling hard and pulling smoothly, rowing comfortably, almost
without pain,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the mile-and-a-half
mark, some in the middle of the Syracuse boat caught a crab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Orange faltered for a moment, then
immediately recovered their rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
it no longer mattered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington was two
and a half lengths ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cornell, in
third, had all but disappeared, eight lengths farther back, George Morry whipped
his head around, took a quick look, and stated at the length of their
lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, as he had against
California in April on Lake Washington, he called up the rate in the last few
hundred feet, just for the show of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Another salvo of three bombs exploded as Tom Bolles’s boys passed the
finish line an astonishing five lengths ahead of Syracuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 116 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Global warming:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That summer [1934] was exceptionally hot
across much of the United States, though the summer of 1936 would cruelly eclipse
even this one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Dakotas,
Minnesota, and Iowa, summertime temperatures began early.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By May 9, it was 109 in Spencer, Iowa, and
108 in Pipestone, Minnesota.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as the
heat rose, the rain stopped falling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sioux Falls, South Dakota, had only a tenth of an inch of rain that
month, right in the middle of the corn-growing season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the upper plains, the heat and aridity
radiated across the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By June
more than half the United States was in the grip of severe heat and extreme
drought conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Saint Louis
temperatures would rise above 100 for eight straight days that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Midway Airport in Chicago, it would top
100 for six straight days and hit an all-time high of 109 on July 23.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Topeka, Kansas, the mercury would pass the
100 mark forty-seven times that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>July would be the hottest month ever recorded in Ohio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Far West it was even worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Orofino, Idaho, it would hit 118 on July
28.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ten states with the highest
average temperatures in the country that summer were all in the West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the worst of the heat wasn’t in the
Southwest, were people expected it and crops and lifestyles were adapted to
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead the heat scorched enormous
swaths of the Intermountain West and even portions of the normally green
Northwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing could grow under such
conditions, and without corn, wheat, and hay livestock could not survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alarmed, the secretary of agriculture, Henry
Wallace, dispatched an expedition to the Gobi Desert to see if there were any
species of grass there that might be able to survive in the deserts that the
American West and Midwest were quickly becoming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the heat and the drought were in some
ways the least of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On May 9 a
colossal dust storm had swung out of eastern Montana, rolled across the Dakotas
and Minnesota, dumped 12 million tons of dirt on Chicago, and then moved onto
tower over Boston and New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they
had in November 1933, people stood in Central Park and looked skyward, aghast
at the blackened sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somewhere in the
neighborhood of 250 million tons of American topsoil had become airborne in
that single storm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New Your Times</i> proclaimed it “the
greatest dust storm in United States history.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But in fact the greater storms, and the greater suffering, were still
months ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 119-120<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hard times:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet for millions of Americans—for most
Americans—the hard times still seemed as hard as ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The opposition pounded the new president,
zeroing in on his methods rather than his results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a national radio address on July 2, Henry
Fletcher, chairman of the Republican Party, blasted the president’s New Deal,
calling in “an undemocratic departure from all that is distinctively
American.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He went on, gloomily and
ominously predicting dire consequences from what seemed a radical experiment in
socialist-style big-government spending: “The average American is thinking, ‘I
am perhaps better off than last year but I ask myself, will I be better off
when the tax bill comes in, and how about my children and my children’s
children?’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.122 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roosevelt’s speech at the Grand Coulee Dam:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Roosevelt began to speak, leaning
forward on his podium, clutching it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
measured tones, but with rising emotion, he began laying out a vision of the
benefits that the new Grand Coulee Dam would bring to this arid land in
exchange for the 175 million public dollars it would cost: 1.2 million acres of
desert land reclaimed for farming, abundant irrigation water for millions more
acres of existing farmland, vast amounts of cheap electrical power that could
be exported all across the West, and thousands of new jobs building the
hydroelectric and irrigation infrastructure that the dam would
necessitate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he spoke, the crowd
interrupted him again and again with waves of applause and choruses of hearty
cheers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speaking of the water of the
Columbia running unchecked to the sea, its energy unharnessed he underscored
the commonality of the great task at hand: “It is not a problem of the State of
Washington; it is not a problem of the State of Idaho; it is a problem that
touches all the states in the union.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
paused, removed a handkerchief from his pocket, and dabbed it against his
glistening brow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“We are going to see, I
believe, with our own eyes, electricity and power made so cheap that they will
become a standard article of use . . . for every home within the reach of an
electrical transmission line.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he
moved toward his conclusion, addressing the men and women standing before him
directly:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have great opportunities
and you are doing nobly in grasping them. . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So I leave here today with the feeling that this work is well
undertaken; that we are going ahead with a useful project; and that we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are</i> going to see it through for the
benefit of our country?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he
finished, the crowd again roared their approval.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 122-123 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony between shell and crew
(Ch. 8):</b> A good shell has to have life and resilience to get in harmony
with the swing of the crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 125<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Making shingles and the connection to
making a shell and making a crew and art – the value that can come from what
others have left behind:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After his
cross-country trip, Joe spent the rest of the summer of 1934 in the still
half-finished house on Silberhorn Road in Sequim, desperately trying to conjure
up enough money to get himself through another school year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He cut more hay, dug more ditches, dynamited
more stumps, and spread more hot, black asphalt on Highway 101.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mostly, though, he worked in the woods with
Charlie McDonald.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie had decided he
needed a new roof on his farmhouse. One afternoon he harnessed his draft horses
to a buckboard and took Joe upriver, hunting for cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper reaches of his property had been
logged for the first time just a dozen years before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The loggers had hand their pick of the virgin
timber still growing along that section of the Dungeness—towering Douglas firs
and massive western red cedars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of
the cedars had been more than two thousand years old, and their stumps—seven or
eight feet in diameter and just as tall—rose like ancient monuments from the
dense tangle of salal, huckleberry, young cottonwoods, and purple plums of
fireweed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the face of the
extraordinary bounty of the massive cedars, and valuing them primarily for
making roofing shakes and shingles, the men who had cut them down had taken
only the prime middle section of each, leaving behind long sections for the
tops, where the branches were, and the bottoms, where the trunks began to flare
out and the grain of the wood no longer ran perfectly straight and true.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much of what they had left could still be
used but only if one knew how to read the wood, to decipher its inner
structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie led Joe among the
stumps and downed trees, teaching him how to understand what lay beneath the
bark of the fallen logs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rolled them
over with a peavey and pounded them with the flat face of a splitting maul,
testing for the ringing tone that indicated soundness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ran his hands over them, feeling for
hidden knots and irregularities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
crouched down at the cut ends and peered at the annual growth rings trying to
get the nuanced read on how tight and regular the grain within was likely to
be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe was fascinated, intrigued by the
idea that he could learn to see what others not see in the wood, thrilled as
always at the notion that something valuable could be found in what others had
passed over and left behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
Charlie found a log he liked, and explained to Joe why he liked it, the two of
them used a crosscut saw to buck the wood into twenty-four inch bolts—sections
the length of a roofing shake—and toted them back to the buckboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later Charlie taught Joe how to decipher the
subtle clues of shape, texture, and color that would enable him to cleave the
wood into well-formed shakes, to see hidden points of weakness or
resilience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He taught the younger man
how to split a log neatly into quarters with a maul and iron wedges; how to use
a heavy wooden mallet to pound a froe—the shake maker’s principal tool: a long,
straight blade with an equally long perpendicular handle—into the wood across
rather than with the grain; how to work the froe evenly down the length of the
wood; how to listen to the wood as it began to “talk” back to him, the fibers
crackling and snapping softly as they pulled away from one another, telling him
that they were prepared to split along the plane he intended; how to twist the
froe in the wood decisively at just the right moment to make the shake pop
free, clean and elegant, smooth faced and gently tapered from one end to the
other, ready to put on a roof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a
few days, Joe had mastered the froe and the mallet and could size up a log and
split shakes from it nearly as quickly and decisively as Charlie could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A year of rowing had given him prodigious
strength in his arms and shoulders, and he worked his way through the pile of
cedar bolts like a machine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A small
mountain of shakes soon surrounded him in the McDonalds’ barnyard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proud of his new skill, he found that shaping
cedar resonated with him in an elusive but elemental way—it satisfied him down
in his core, and gave him peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Partly it
was the old pleasure that he always derived from mastering new tools and
solving practical problems—working out the angles and plane at which the cedar
would or wouldn’t cleave cleanly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And partly
it was the deeply sensuous nature of the work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He liked the way that the wood murmured to him before it parted, almost
as if it was alive, and when it finally gave way under his hands he liked the
way it invariable revealed itself in lovely and unpredictable patterns of
color—streaks of orange and burgundy and cream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the same moment, as the wood opened up, it always perfumed the
air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spicy-sweet aroma that rose form
freshly split cedar was the same scent that often filled the shell house in
Seattle when Pocock was at work up in his loft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There seemed to Joe to some kind of connection between what he was doing
here among the pile of freshly split shakes, what Pocock was doing in his shop,
and what he was trying to do himself in the racing shells Pocock
built—something about the deliberate application of strength, and careful
coordination of mind and muscle, the sudden unfolding of mystery and beauty.
pp. 125-127<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Training rules:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You will eat no fried meats,” he began
abruptly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You will eat no pastries, but
you will eat plenty of vegetables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
will eat good, substantial, wholesome food—the kind of food you mother
makes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will go to bed at ten o’clock
and arise punctually at seven o’clock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You will not smoke or drink or chew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And you will follow this regiment all year round, for a long as you row
for me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A man cannot abuse his body for
six months and then expect to row the other six months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He must be a total abstainer all year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will not use profane language in the
shell house, nor anywhere within my hearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You will keep at your studies and maintain a high grade point average.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will not disappoint your parents, nor you
crewmates. Now let’s row.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 130<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock well read:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Pocock was learned far beyond his formal
education, as was immediately obvious to everyone who met him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was well read in a wide variety of
subjects—religion, literature, history, and philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could quote Browning or Tennyson or
Shakespeare at the drop of a hat, and the quote was always apt and telling,
never pretentious or affected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The net
effect was that for all his quiet humility the man’s wide-ranging knowledge and
quiet eloquence commanded absolute respect, and never more than when he was at
work in his shop, plying his craft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
one interrupted Pocock at work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 135<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">George Pocock at work – maker and artist:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, George Pocock was already building
the best, and doing so by a wide margin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He didn’t just build racing shells, he sculpted them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looked at one way, a racing shell is a
machine with a narrowly defined purpose:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to enable a number of large men or women, and one small one, to propel
themselves over an expanse of water as quickly and efficiently as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looked at another way, it is a
work of art, an expression of the human spirit, with its unbounded hunger for
the ideal, for beauty, for purity, for grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A large part of Pocock’s genius as a boat builder was that he managed to
excel both as a maker of machines and as an artist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Growing up and learning his trade from his
father at Eton, he had used simple hand tools—saws, hammers chisels, wood
planes, and sanding blocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the most
part, he continued to use those same tools even as more modern, laborsaving
power tools came to market in the 1930’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Partly, this was because he believed that the hand tools gave him more
precise control over the fine details of the work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Partly, it was because he could not abide the
noise that power tools made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Craftsmanship required thought, and thought required a quiet
environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mostly though, it was
because he wanted more intimacy with the wood—he wanted to feel the life in the
wood with his hands, and in turn to impart some of himself, his own life, his
pride and his caring, into the shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Up
until 1927, he made his shells precisely as his father had taught him to make
them in England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working on a perfectly
straight I beam more than sixty feet long, he constructed a delicate framework
of spruce and northern ash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he
carefully joined and nailed strips of Spanish cedar to the ribs of the frame to
form the hull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This required thousands
of brass nails and screws the heads of which had to be patiently and
laboriously filed down by hand before he could apply coats of marine varnish to
the exterior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fitting and nailing on
of the planks was labor intensive and nerve-racking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any moment the slip of a chisel or a careless
blow form a hammer could ruin days’ worth of work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1927 he made an improvement that
revolutionized the building of racing shells in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a number of years, Ed Leader, who
succeeded Hiram Conibear as the Washington crew coach, had suggested that
Pocock try making a shell out of the native western red cedar that grew so
abundantly, and so large, in Washington and British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, Spanish cedar was expensive,
having to be imported from its native South America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Spanish cedar, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cedrela odorata</i>, is in fact neither Spanish nor cedar, being a
member of the mahogany family.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
also notoriously brittle, necessitating the almost continual repair of the
school’s fleet of shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock was
attracted to the idea of trying the native cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had, for years, taken notice of the
lightness and the durability of the old cedar Indian canoes that still
occasionally plied the waters of the Puget Sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he had been dissuaded from experimenting
with it by head coach Rusty Callow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Callow had been a logger in his younger years, and like most lumbermen
he believed that cedar was only good for making shakes and shingles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when Pocock finally followed his own
heart and began to experiment with the wood in 1927, he was astonished by the
possibilities it opened up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Western red
cedar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thuja plicata</i>) is a kind of
wonder wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its low density makes it
easy to shape, whether with a chisel, a plane, or a handsaw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its open cell structure makes it light and
buoyant, and in rowing lightness means speed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its tight, even grain makes it strong but flexible, easy to bend yet
disinclined to twist, warp, or cup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is free of pitch or sap, but its fibers contain chemicals called thujaplicins
that act as natural preservatives, making it highly resistant to rot while at
the same time lending it its lovely scent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is beautiful to look at, it takes a finish well, and it can be
polished to a high degree of luster, essential for providing the smooth,
friction-free racing bottom a good shell requires.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock quickly became a convert.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon he was scouring the Northwest for the
highest quality cedar he could find, making long journeys to smoky sawmills out
on the Olympic Peninsula and far to the north in the still-virgin forests of
British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He found just what he
wanted in the misty woods surrounding Lake Cowichan on Vancouver Island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the cedar stock he found there—long,
tight-grained, straight sections cut from massive, ancient trees—he could mill
elegant planks of wood twenty inches or more wide and sixty feet long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And from the planks he could shave identical
pairs of much thinner planks, delicate sheets of cedar just five-thirty-seconds
of an inch thick, each a mirror image of the other, with the same pattern of
grain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By placing these book-matched
pairs on either side of the keel, he could ensure perfect symmetry in the
boat’s appearance and performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These flexible sheets of cedar also allowed Pocock to do away with the
endless nailing of planks to the boat’s ribs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead he could simply strap the sheets of wood over the frame of the
boat, forcing them to conform to its shape, then cover the whole assembly with
heavy blankets and divert steam from the shell house’s heating system under the
blankets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The steam caused the cedar to
relax and bend to fit itself to the shape of the frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he turned off the steam and removed the
blankets three days later, the cedar sheets held their new shape
perfectly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All he had to do was dry them
and glue them to the frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the
same technique that the Coast Salish peoples of the Northwest had used for centuries
to fashion bentwood boxes out of single planks of cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sleek shells that resulted from the
process were not only more beautiful than the Spanish cedar shells but also
demonstrable faster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harvard ordered, as
an experiment, one of the first to come out of Pocock’s shop and promptly
reported back that the boat had taken several full seconds off its crew’s best
times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the cedar skin attached to
the shell, Pocock installed the runners and the seats, the riggers, the rudder
assembly, and the trim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took pride in
using a variety of Northwest woods in his products—sugar pine for keels, ash
for the frames, Sitka spruce for the gunnels and the hand-carved seats, Alaska
yellow cedar for the wash boards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
last of these he favored mostly because as it aged its color evolved from that
of old ivory to a golden honey hue that harmonized with the burnished red of
the cedar hulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stretched sheer silk
fabric over the stern and bow sections and painted the silk with varnish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the varnish dried and hardened on the
fabric, it created a fragile and lovely translucent yellow decking fore and
aft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, he worked on the finish,
hand-rubbing the cedar hull with powdered pumice and rotten stone for hours, applying
thin coats of marine varnish, then rubbing the finish again and again until it
gleamed like still water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All told, it
took four gallons of varnish to get the finish he was looking for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only when it fairly shimmered, when it seemed
in its sleekness to be alive with the potential for speed, did Pocock pronounce
the boat ready for use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was one
more thing about cedar—a sort of secret that Pocock had discovered accidentally
after his first shells made of the wood had been in the water for a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People had taken to calling them “banana
boats,” because once they were exposed to water both their bows and sterns
tended to curve ever so slightly upward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock pondered this effect and its consequences and gradually came to a
startling realization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although cedar
does not expand or swell <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">across</i> the
grain of the wood when wet, and thus tends not to warp, it does expand lightly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">along </i>the grain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This can amount to as much as an inch of
swelling in the length of a sixty-foot shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because the cedar was dry when attached to the frame but then became wet
after being used regularly, the wood wanted to expand slightly in length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the interior frame of the boat,
being made of ash that remained perpetually dry and rigid, would not allow it
to expand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cedar skin thus became
compressed, forcing the ends of the boat up slightly and lending it what boat
builders call “camber.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was
that the boat as a whole was under subtle but continual tension caused by the
unreleased compression in the skin, something like a drawn bow waiting to be
release.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gave it a kind of
liveliness, and tendency to spring forward on the catch of the oars in a way
that no other design or material could duplicate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To Pocock, this unflagging resilience—this
readiness to bounce back, to keep coming, to persist in the face of
resistance—was the magic in cedar, the unseen force that imparted life to the
shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as far as he was concerned, a
shell that did not have life in it was a shell that was unworthy of the young
men who gave their hearts to the effort of moving it through the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 136-139<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony between shell and crew
(Ch. 8): </b>One of the first admonitions of a good rowing coach, after the
fundamentals are over, is “pull your own weight,” and the young oarsman does
just that when he finds out that the boat goes better when he does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is certainly a social implication
here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 149<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson like Ahab:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He[Ulbrickson] was, in his quiet way, rapidly
becoming obsessed, almost Ahab-like, in his pursuit of the ultimate varsity
crew, one that could beat Ky Ebright in California in April and at Poughkeepsie
in June and be in a position to go to Berlin the following year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 156<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stub McMillin can’t believe he was beaten:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was another curly-headed boy, a
six-foot-five, slightly goofy-looking beanpole with a smile that could knock
your socks off, named Jim McMillin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
crew mates called him Stub.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had not
rowed particularly well in the second freshman boat the previous year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now suddenly he seemed to be finding his
niche in Moch’s boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was big enough
to provide the leverage and power that a great crew needs in the middle of the
boat, and he never seemed to believe he was beaten, even if he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rowed as hard in a losing cause as in a
winning one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He just plain had a lot of
pepper, and he’d made it clear that he thought he belonged in the first
boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 157 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danger of a boat full of individuals:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson knew what the real problem
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He littered his logbook with the
myriad technical faults he was observing:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rantz and Heartman still weren’t breaking their arms at the right point
in the stroke; Green and Hartman were catching the water too early, Rantz and
Lund were catching it too late; and so on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the real problem wasn’t that –wasn’t an accumulation of small
faults.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back in February he had commented to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Times’ </i>George Varnell that
“there were more good individual men on this year’s squad than on any I have
coached.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fundamental problem lay in
the fact that he had felt compelled to throw that word “individual” into the
sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were too many days when
they rowed not as crews but as boatfuls of individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The more he scolded them for personal
technical issues, even as he preached teamsmanship, the more the boys seemed to
sink into their own separate and sometime defiant little worlds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 158<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s beauty – as he slept:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Joe slept, Joyce sat in the bow, studying
the face of the young man to whom she had committed herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had grown even more handsome since high
school, and at moments like this, when he was fully at ease, his face and his
sculptured body were so full of composure and grace that they reminded Joyce of
the ancient marble statues of Greek athletes that she had recently studied in
her art history class.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking at him
like this, she thought, it was hard to believe that he had ever know a troubled
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 159 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swing – poetry of motion:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a thing that sometimes happens in
rowing that is hard to achieve and hard to define.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many crews, even winning crews, never really
find it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others find it but can’t
sustain it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s called “swing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It only happens when all eight oarsmen are rowing
in such perfect unison that no single action by any one is out of synch with
those of all the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not just
that the oars enter and leave the water at precisely the same instant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sixteen arms must begin to pull, sixteen
knees must begin to fold and unfold, eight bodies must begin to slide forward
and backward, eight backs must bend and straighten all at once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each minute action—each subtle turning of
wrists—must be mirrored exactly by each oarsman, from one end of the boat to
the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only then will the boat
continue to run, unchecked, fluidly and gracefully between pulls of the
oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only then does pain entirely give
way to exultation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing then becomes a
kind of perfect language.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poetry, that’s
what a good swing feels like. p. 161<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More swing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A good swing does not necessarily make crews
go faster, except to the extent that if no one’s actions check the run of the
boat, rowers get more bang for their buck on each stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mainly what it does is allow them to conserve
power, to row at a lower stroke rate and still move through the water as
efficiently as possible, and often more rapidly than another crew rowing less
efficiently at a higher rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It allows
them to possess a reserve of energy for gut-wrenching, muscle-screaming sprint
at the end of a race. It is insanely difficult to keep a good swing as you
raise your rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the tempo increases,
each of the myriad separate actions has to happen at shorter and shorter
intervals, so that at some point it becomes virtually impossible to maintain a
good swing at a high rate. But the closer a crew can come to that
ideal—maintaining a good swing while rowing at a high rate—the closer they are
to rowing on another plane, the plane on which champions row.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 162<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on free – it’s got to be (Ch. 10):</b>
A boat is a sensitive thing, an eight-oared shell, and if it isn’t let go free,
it doesn’t work for you. p. 173<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dust Bowl: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On April 14, the day after the Pacific Coast
Regatta on the Oakland Estuary, the dust storms of the past several years were
suddenly eclipsed by a single catastrophe that is still remembered in the
Plains states as Black Sunday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In only a
few hours’ time, cold, dry winds howling out of the north scoured from dry
fields more than two times the amount of soil that had been excavated from the
Panama Canal and lifted it eight thousand feet into the sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across much of five states, late afternoon
sunlight gave way to utter darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
dust particles the wind carried generated so much static electricity in the air
that barbed-wire fences glowed in the midday darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Farmers at work in their fields crumpled to
their hands and knees and groped aimlessly about, unable to find their way to
their own doorsteps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cars careened off
roads and into ditches, where their occupants clutched cloths to their faces,
struggled to breath, gagged, and coughed up dirt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes they abandoned their cars and
staggered up to the houses of strangers and pounded on their front doors,
begging for and receiving shelter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
next day, Kansas City AP bureau chief Ed Stanley inserted the phrase “the dust
bowl” into a wire service account and the devastation, and a new term entered
the American lexicon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next few
months, as the extent of the devastation settled in, the trickle of ragged
refugees that Joe Rantz had witnessed heading west the previous summer became a
torrent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a few years, two and a
half million Americans would pull up stakes and head west into an uncertain
future—rootless, dispossessed, bereft of the simple comfort and dignity of
having a place to call home. pp. 174-175 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Passivism:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, the drumbeat of ominous
headlines emanating from Europe had begun to grow steadily louder and more
insistent that spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four weeks’ worth
of headlines from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Times</i>
alone were reason enough for worry: “Death Penalty for Pacifists Is Decreed as
Germany Girds”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(April 19); “Nazis Jail
Aged Nuns, Monks in New Attack on Christianity” (April 27); “German Move to
Build U-Boats Rouses Anxiety in Great Britain” (April 28); “Britain to Match
Nazi Planes; Calls on Hitler to Fix Limits: (May 2); “Hitler Warned by Britain
Not to Militarize Rhineland Zone” (May 7); “Nazis Have New Weapon: 60-Knot
Boat” (May 17); “Hitler Police Jail U. S. Citizen” (May 18).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dark news was difficult to ignore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But not impossible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vast majority of Americans, in Seattle
and elsewhere, did exactly that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The affairs
of Europe still seemed a million miles away, and that’s exactly where most
people wanted to keep them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 176<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Paradoxes of rowing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing is, in a number of ways, a sport of
fundamental paradoxes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For one thing, an
eight-oared racing shell—powered by unusually large and physically powerful men
or women—is commanded, controlled, and directed by the smallest and least
powerful person in the boat. The coxswain (nowadays often a female even in an
otherwise male crew) must have the force of character to look men or women
twice his or her size in the face, bark orders at them, and be confident that
the leviathans will respond instantly and unquestioningly to those orders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is perhaps the most incongruous
relationship in sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another paradox
lies in the physics of the sport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
object of the endeavor is, of course, to make the boat move through the water
as quickly as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the faster
the boat goes, the harder it is to row well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The enormously complicated sequence of movements, each of which an
oarsman must execute with exquisite precision, becomes exponentially more
difficult to perform as the stroke rate increases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing at a beat of thirty-six is vastly more
challenging than rowing at a beat of twenty-six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the tempo accelerates, the penalty of a
miscue—an oar touching the water a fraction of a second too early or too late,
for instance—becomes ever more severe, the opportunity for disaster ever
greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, the exertion
required to maintain a high rate makes the physical pain all the more
devastating and therefore the likelihood of a miscue greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this sense, speed is both the rower’s
ultimate goal and also his greatest foe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Put another way, beautiful and effective rowing often means painful rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An unnamed coach is reputed to have said,
bluntly, “Rowing is like a beautiful duck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the surface it is all grace, but underneath the bastard’s paddling
like mad!” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the greatest paradox of
the sport has to do with the psychological makeup of the people who pull the
oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great oarsmen and oarswomen are
necessarily made of conflicting stuff—of oil and water, fire and earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the one hand, they must possess enormous
self-confidence, strong egos, and titanic willpower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must be almost immune to
frustration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody who does not believe
deeply in himself or herself—in his or her ability to endure hardship and to
prevail over adversity—is likely even to attempt something as audacious as
competitive rowing at the highest levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The sport offers so many opportunities for suffering and so few
opportunities for glory that only the most tenaciously serf reliant and
self-motivated are likely to succeed at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And yet, at the same time—and this is key—no other sport demands and
rewards the complete abandonment of the self the way that rowing does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great crews may have men or women of
exceptional talent or strength; they may have outstanding coxswains or stroke
oars or bowmen; but they have no stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The team effort—the perfectly synchronized flow of muscle, oars, boat,
and water; the single, whole, unified, and beautiful symphony that a crew in
motion becomes—is all that matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
the individual, not the self.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
177-179<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Psychological and physical mix to perfection:</b>
The psychology is complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even as
rowers must subsume their often fierce sense of independence and self-reliance,
at the same time they must hold true to their individuality, their unique
capabilities as oarsmen or oarswomen or, for that matter, as human beings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if they could, few rowing coaches would
simply clone their biggest, strongest, smartest, and most capable rowers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crew races are not won by clones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are won by crews, and great crews are
carefully balanced blends of both physical abilities and personality
types.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In physical terms, for instance,
one rower’s arms might be longer than another’s, but the latter might have a
stronger back than the former.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither
is necessarily a better or more valuable oarsman than the other; both the long
arms and the strong back are assets to the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if they are to row well together, each of
these oarsmen must adjust to the needs and capabilities of the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each must be prepared to compromise something
in the way of optimizing his stroke for the overall benefit of the boat—the
shorter-armed man reaching a little farther, the longer-armed man
foreshortening his reach just a bit—so that both men’s oars remain parallel and
both blades enter and exit the water at precisely the same moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This highly refined coordination and
cooperation must be multiplied out across eight individuals of varying statures
and physiques to make the most of each individual’s strengths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only in this way can the capabilities that
come with diversity—lighter, more technical rowers in the bow and stronger,
heavier pullers in the middle of the boat, for instance—be turned to advantage
rather than disadvantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 179 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diversity - Character:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The capitalizing on diversity is perhaps even
more important when it comes to the characters of the oarsmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A crew composed entirely of eight amped-up,
overly aggressive oarsmen will often degenerate into a dysfunctional brawl in a
boat or exhaust itself in the first leg of a long race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Similarly, a boatload of quiet but strong
introverts may never find the common core of fiery resolve that causes the boat
to explode past its competitors when all seems lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Good crews are good blends of personalities:
someone to lead the charge, someone to hold something in reserve; someone to
pick a fight, someone to make peace; someone to think things through, someone
to charge ahead without thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Somehow all this must mesh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s the steepest challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even after the right mixture is found, each man or woman in the boat
must recognize his or her place in the fabric of the crew, accept it, and
accept the others as they are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an
exquisite thing when it all comes together in just the right way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The intense bonding and the sense of
exhilaration that results from it are what many oarsmen row for, far more than
for trophies or accolades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it takes
young men or women of extraordinary character as well as extraordinary physical
ability to pull it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 179-180<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on what an oar’s man feels (Ch. 11):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the oarsman, too, when he has his mind
trained at the university and his body fit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Feels something. . . . I think oarsmen understand what I’m talking
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They get that way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve seen oarsmen—actually I saw one man, who
was so rarin’ to go, so fit and bright, I saw him try to run up a wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now isn’t that ridiculous?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he felt that good; he wanted to run up
that wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 193 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At the end of the last Ice Age:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Then he turned north and descended into
the Washington scablands, a tortured landscape shaped by a series of cataclysms
between twelve and fifteen thousand years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As the last ice age waned, a two-thousand-foot-high ice dam holding back
a vast lake in Montana—later dubbed Lake Missoula by geologists—gave way not
once but several times, unleashing a series of floods of unimaginable scope and
ferocity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the greatest of these,
during a period of roughly forty-eight hours, 220 cubic kilometers of water
rushed over much of what is now northern Idaho, eastern Washington, and the
northern edge of Oregon, carrying more than ten times the flow of all the
rivers in the world. A massive wall of water, mud, and rock—well over a
thousand feet tall in places—exploded over the countryside, rumbling southwest
toward the Pacific at speed up to one hundred miles per hour, leveling whole
mountains, sluicing away millions of tons of topsoil, and gouging deep scars
called “coulees” in the underlying bedrock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 193-194 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s job:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirty minutes later, he walked out of the
office with a job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the jobs
remaining at the dam site, he had been told, were for common laborers, payed
fifty cents an hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But studying the
application form, Joe had noticed that there were higher pay grades for certain
jobs—especially for the men whose job it was to dangle from cliff faces in
harnesses and pound away at the reluctant rock with jackhammers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer job paid seventy-five cents an
hour, so Joe had put a check next to the box and stepped into the examination
room for his physical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working with a
jackhammer under those conditions required enough upper body strength to fight
the punishing kickback of the machine, enough leg strength to keep the body
pushed away from the cliff face all day, enough grace and athleticism to
clamber around on the cliffs while dodging rocks falling from above, and enough
self-assurance to climb over the edge of the cliff in the first place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time Joe had stripped down to his
shorts and told the doctor that he rowed crew at the university, the job was
his.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 194-195<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More of Joe’s job:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer work was brutal, but Joe came
to enjoy it. For eight hours a day, he dangled on a rope in the furnace like
heat of the canyon, pounding at the wall of rock in front of him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer weighed seventy-five pounds
and seemed to have a life and a will of its own, endlessly pushing back, trying
to wrest itself out of Joe’s grip as he in turn tried to push it into the
rock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The continual rapid-fire <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chock-chock-chock</i> of his machine and
those of the men around him was deafening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rock dust, gritty and irritating, swirled around him, got in his eyes,
his mouth, and his nose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sharp chips and
shards of rock flew up and stung his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sweat dripped from his back and fell away into the void below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hundreds of feet of loose rock—the
“overburden” as the engineers called it—had to be peeled away from the face of
the cliffs in order to get down to the older granite bedrock on which the
foundation of the dam would be built.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then the granite itself had to be shaped to conform to the contours of
the future dam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was hard stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So hard that roughly two thousand feet of
steel disappeared every day from the bit ends of all the jackhammers and
pneumatic drills at work in the canyon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But tough as the work was, there was much about it that suited Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He learned that summer to work closely with
the men dangling on either side of him, each keeping an eye out for rocks
falling from above, calling out warning to those below, searching for better
places to find seams in the rock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
liked the easygoing camaraderie of it, the simple, stark maleness of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most days he worked without a shirt or
hat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His muscles quickly grew bronzed
and his hair ever blonder under the ardent desert sun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of each day, he was exhausted,
parched with thirst, and ravenously hungry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But—much as he sometimes had after a hard row on Lake Washington back
home—he also felt cleansed by the work,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He felt lithe and limber, full of youth and grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 197-198 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnny White – all-American boy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny White as the number two man in Tom
Bolle’s outstanding freshman boat that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An inch shorter than Joe, and more slightly built, he was nevertheless a
fine physical specimen and striking to look at, with fine, regular features;
graceful proportioned limbs, and an open, eager face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had warm, inviting eyes and a sunny
smile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you’d wanted a poster model
for the all-American boy, Johnny would have fit the bill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also a thoroughly nice kid and nearly
as poor as Joe Rantz. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 200 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Poor family at work:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, he [John White – Johnny’s dad] got
up from his chair one day, went down to the lakeshore, and began to plant a garden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His kids needed to be fed, and he was out of
money, but food could be grown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before
long he had the finest garden in the neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the rich black soil along the lakeshore,
he grew tall sweet corn and large, luscious tomatoes, both perpetual challenges
to Seattle gardeners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grew
loganberries, and picked apples and pears from trees on the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He raised chickens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny’s mother, Maimie, bartered the eggs
for other goods, canned the tomatoes, made wine from the loganberries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She grew peonies in another garden along the
side of the house and sold them to a florist in Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She went to a flour mill for flour sacks,
bleached them, and made them into dish towels that she sold around town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once a week she bought a roast and served it
for Sunday dinner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rest of the week
they ate leftovers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then in 1934 the
city decided to open a swimming beach along the shore in front of the
house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They condemned the Whites’
waterfront garden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 200 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnny on his way to the boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny was the apple of his [father’s] eye,
and he wanted more than anything for his son to become an oarsman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny, in turn, wanted nothing more than to
meet his father’s often very high expectations, whatever they might be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Johnny hadn’t let him down so far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was unusually bright, accomplished, and
ambitious, and he had graduated from Franklin High School two years early, at
the age of sixteen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That had created a
small problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was far too young and
too underdeveloped to row for the university, the only rowing game in
town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So by mutual agreement with his
father, Johnny went to work—both to make enough money to attend the university
and, just as importantly, to manufacture enough muscle to row with the best of
them when he got there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He chose the hardest,
most physical challenging work he could find: first wrestling steel beams and
heavy equipment around a shipyard on the waterfront in Seattle and then
stacking lumber and manhandling massive fir and cedar logs with a peavey in a
nearby sawmill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time he arrived
at the university, two years later, he had enough cash to make it through a
couple of years of school and enough braw to quickly emerge as one of Tom Bolles’s
most impressive freshmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, in the
summer of 1935, he’d arrived at Grand Coulee looking for more—more money and
more muscle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 201 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chuck Day – ferocious competitor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first blush it didn’t seem to make sense
to Joe and a kid like Day would have any reason to work in a place as dirty and
dangerous as the coulee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In point of
fact, though—as Joe would soon find out—there was no place that Chuck Day was
more likely to be that summer than at Grand Coulee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To understand him, you had to understand his
heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a ferocious
competitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you put a challenge in
front of him, he attacked it like a bulldog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And he just plain didn’t know the meaning of surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a river needed to be dammed, then by God just
get out of the way and let him at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
202<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friends around Campfire, boys free in the
wilderness</b>: For the most part, though, they stayed in Grand Coulee, where
they could toss a football around in the sagebrush, chuck rocks off the edges
of the cliffs, bask shirtless on stone ledges in the warm morning sun, sit
bleary-eyed in the smoke around a campfire at night telling ghost stories as
coyotes yelped in the distance, and generally act like the teenagers they
actually were—free and easy boys, cut loose in the wide expanse of the western
desert. p. 205 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock—Be part of the boat (Ch. 12):</b>
Just as a skilled rider is said to become part of his horse, the skilled
oarsman must become part of his boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
207 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">80. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hitler killed “his” boys:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A little less than ten years in the future,
in the last few desperate days of the Third Reich, scores of Hitler Youth—boys
as young as ten or eleven—would crouch below the bell tower among blocks of
fine Franconian limestone, the rubble of the building now being erected,
shooting at advancing Russian boys, many of the not a great deal older than
they.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in those last few days, as
Berlin burned all around them, some of those German goys—those who cried or
refused to shoot or tried to surrender—would be lined up against these
limestone slabs by their officers and shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 208<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The coach building the team, the boat:</b>
He [Ulbrickson] was going to have to overlook boys he like personally and work
with boys he didn’t necessarily like, He was going to have to outwit Ky
Ebright—no small challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was going
to have to find funding in what was shaping up to be yet another lean
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he was going to have to make
better use of perhaps his greatest resource, George Pocok. P. 212<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock’s council to Joe – the art of
building beauty:</b> On a bright, crisp September morning, as Pocock started up
the steps to his loft in the shell house, he noticed Joe doing sit-ups on a
bench at the back of the room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
motioned Joe to come over, said he’d noticed him peering up at the shop
occasionally, and asked him if he’d like to look around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe all but bounded up the stairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The loft was bright and airy, with morning
light pouring in from several large windows in the back wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The air was thick with the sweet—sharp scent of
marine varnish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drifts of sawdust and
curls of wood shavings lay on the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A long I beam stretched nearly the full length of the loft, and on it
lay a framework of an eight-oared shell under construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock started off by explaining the various tools
he used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He showed Joe wood plans, their
wooden handles burnished by decades of use, their blades so sharp and precise
they could shave off curls of wood as thin and transparent as tissue paper, He
handed him different old rasps and augers and chisels and files and mallets
he’d brought over from England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of
them, he said, were a century old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
explained how each kind of tool had many variations, how each file, for
instance, was subtly different from another, how each served a different function
but all were indispensable in the making of a fine shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He guided Joe to a lumber rack and pulled out
samples of the different woods he used—soft, malleable sugar pine, hard yellow
spruce, fragrant cedar, and clear white ash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He held each piece up and inspected it, turning it over and over in his
hands, and talking about the unique properties of each and how it took all of
them contributing their individual qualities to make a shell that would come to
life in the water,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pulled a long
cedar plank from a rack and pointed out the annuals growth rings,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe already knew a good deal about the
qualities of cedar and about growth rings from his time splitting shakes with
Charlie McDonald, but he was drawn in as Pocock began to talk about what they
meant to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe crouched next to the
older man and studied the wood and listened intently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock said the rings told more than a tree’s
age; they told the whole story of the tree’s life over as much as two thousand
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their thickness and thinness
spoke of hard years of bitter struggle intermingled with rich years of sudden
growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The different colors spoke of
the various soils and minerals that the tree’s roots encountered, some harsh
and stunting, some rich and nourishing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Flaws and irregularities told how the trees endured fires and lightning
strikes and windstorms and infestation and yet continued to grow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Pocock talked, Joe grew mesmerized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just what the Englishman was
saying, or the soft, earthy cadence of his voice, it was the calm reverence
with which he talked about the wood—as if there was something holy and sacred
about it—that drew Joe in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wood,
Pocock murmured, taught us about survival, about overcoming difficulty, about
prevailing over adversity, but it also taught us something about the underlying
reason for surviving in the first place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Something about infinite beauty, about undying grace, about things
larger and greater than ourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About
the reasons we were all here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sure, I
can make a boat,” he said, and then added, quoting the poet Joyce Kilmer, “’But
only God can make a tree.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock
pulled out a thin sheet of cedar, one that had been milled down to
three-eighths of an inch for the skin of a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He flexed the wood and had Joe do the
same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He talked about camber and the life
it imparted to a shell when wood was put under tension.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He talked about the underlying strength of
the individual fibers in cedar and how, coupled with their resilience, they
gave the wood its ability to bounce back and resume its shape, whole and intact,
or how, under steam and pressure, they could take a new form and hold it
forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ability to yield, to bend,
to give way, to accommodate, he said, was sometimes a source of strength in men
as well as in wood, so long as it was helmed by inner resolve and by
principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took Joe to one end of the
long I beam on which he was constructing the frame for a new shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock sighted along the pine keel and
invited Joe to do the same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had to be
precisely straight, he said, for the whole sixty-two-foot length of the boat,
not a centimeter of variance from one end to the other or the boat would never
run true.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in the end the trueness
could only come from its builder, from the care with which he exercised his
craft, from the amount of heart he put into it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock paused and stepped back from the frame of the shell and put his
hands on his hips, carefully studying the work he had so far done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said for him the craft of building a boat
was like religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t enough to
master the technical detail of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
had to give yourself up to it spiritually; you had to surrender yourself
absolutely to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you were done and
walked away from the boat, you had to feel that you had left a piece of
yourself behind in it forever, a bit of your heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He turned to Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Rowing,” he said, “is like that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a lot of life is like that too, the parts
that really matter anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do you know
what I mean, Joe?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe, a bit nervous,
not at all certain that he did, nodded tentatively, went back downstairs, and
resumed his sit-ups, trying to work it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 213-215<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Helping a friend, working through college,
and the power of service:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end
of the day, after the others had drifted off to their homes or their part-time
jobs, Joe often lingered at the shell house well into the evening, as he had
the previous spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one of those
evenings, he came out of the steam room wrapped in a towel and found the big,
gangly number five man from last year’s jayvee boat, Stub McMillin, pushing a
broom around and emptying trash cans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Joe realized that McMillin must have taken a job as the shell house
janitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With all the hard feelings
between the two boats, Joe had never had much to do with McMillin, but now,
watching him at work, he felt a surge of affinity for the boy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sauntered over, stuck out his hand, struck
up a conversation, and finally confided what he had long kept secret from the
other fellows—that he himself worked a late-night shift as janitor at the
YMCA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe quickly found that he liked
Stub McMillin a good deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d grown up
in Seattle, on Queen Anne Hill, and was nearly as poor as Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was putting himself through college by
working at anything and everything that came his way—mowing lawns, delivering
newspapers, sweeping floors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he
wasn’t rowing, studying, or sleeping, he was working, and just barely keeping
himself clothed and fed doing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
found it comfortable to be around McMillin. He felt as if he could let his
guard down a little when it came to talking about his own financial
circumstances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before long, Joe was
staying late almost every day, pushing broom alongside McMillin, helping him
get through his work quickly so he could go home and study. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 218-129 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe and Pocock, (boys need mothers): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes. Late in the day, instead of helping
McMillin, Joe would climb the stairs at the back of the shell house and see if
George Pocock had time for a chat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
the Englishman was still working, Joe would perch on a bench, his long legs
bent in front of him, and just watch the Englishman, not saying much, studying
the way the boat builder shaped the wood. If Pocock was done for the day, Joe
would help him put tools and lumber away or sweep the sawdust and wood shaving
from the floor for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock didn’t
deliver any more long discourses on wood or rowing or life, as he had the first
time they’d talked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead he seemed
interested in learning more about Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One afternoon he asked Joe how he came to be there, at the shell
house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a big question asked in a
small way, Joe realized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He answered
hesitantly, cautiously, unused to unveiling himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Pocock persisted, gently and deftly
probing him about his family, about where he’d come from and where he hoped to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe talked in fits and starts, circling
nervously around stores about his mother and father and Thula, about Spokane
and the Gold and Ruby mine and Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock asked him about his likes and dislikes, the things that made him
get up in the morning, the things he feared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly he zeroed in on what he most wanted to know: “Why do you
row?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What do you hope to get out of
it, Joe?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the more he enticed Joe to
talk, the more Pocock began to plumb the inner workings of this enigma of a
boy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It helped that Pocock’s own mother
had died six months after his birth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
father’s second wife had died a few years later, before George’s
remembering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew something about growing
up in a motherless home, and about the hole it left in a boy’s heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew about the ceaseless drive to make
oneself whole, and about the endless yearning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly he began to close in on the essence of Joe Rantz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 219<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Building the team:</b> Ulbrickson had
magical, almost alchemical, materials to work with—Tom Bolles’s outstanding
freshman champions from last year, now sophomores; the boys in Joe’s boat, all
juniors now and still undefeated; and some outstanding boys from last season’s
VJ boat, now a mix of juniors and seniors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And the ruminations that Ulbrickson had given the matter in September
seemed to pay dividends right from the start.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had devoted a lot of thought to his initial boat assignments, and in
the first few days of rowing two of the new crews seemed to show particular
promise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first was built largely
around a core of last year’s freshmen: Don Hume, the big powerful stroke; Gordy
Adam at number seven; William Seaman at number six; and Johnny White at number
four.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only member of Joe’s old crew
in that first boat was Shorty Hunt, at number two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second boat that showed particular
promise had three of Joe’s old crewmates: Bob Green at number six, Charles
Hartman at Number two , and Roger Morris in the bow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Joe Rantz hadn’t made either of those
boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the next few weeks, he bumped
back and forth between two other boats, rowing hard but his spirits starting to
flag again as he realized just how stiff the competition was going to be this
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just the boat
assignments that ate at Joe that fall, or the growing realization that getting
to Berlin was going to be harder than anything he had ever done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like most competitive rowers, he was drawn to
difficult things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A good challenge had
always interested him, appealing to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That was, in many ways, why he rowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 220-221<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cold Workouts:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al Ulbrickson sent his four potential varsity
boats out onto Lake Washington nonetheless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was serious cold-weather rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The boys rowed with white knuckles and chattering teeth, their hands so
cold they could hardly feel the oars, their feet throbbing with pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Icicles dangled from the bow, the stern, and
the riggers that held the oarlocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Layer upon layer of clear, hard ice grew on the shafts of the oars
themselves as they dipped in and out of the water, weighing them down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lumps of ice formed wherever water splashed
on the boys’ sweatshirts and the stocking hats they wore pulled down over their
ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 223 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The death of Charlie McDonald:</b> Joe had
been struggling with his rowing for weeks, especially since Thula had died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he got a letter from Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie McDonald was dead too, killed in an
automobile crash on Highway 101.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
a stunning blow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie had been an
adviser and a teacher, the one adult who had stood by him and given him a
chance when no one else had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he was
gone, and Joe found himself unable to focus on anything other than the losses
back home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 224<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on Rhythm – Swing (Ch. 13):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you get the rhythm in an eight, it’s
pure pleasure to be in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not hard
work when the rhythm comes—that “swing” as they call it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve heard men shriek out with delight when
that swing came in an eight; it’s a thing they’ll never forget as long as they
live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 229<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Team Building:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Joe reported to the shell house that
Monday and glanced at the chalkboard, he was surprised to find that his name
was listed among those in the number one varsity boat, as were Shorty Hunt’s
and Roger Morris’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After rowing in the
number three and four shells all fall, Joe couldn’t fathom why he had suddenly
been promoted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As it turned out, it
wasn’t really much of a promotion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson had partially reconstituted some of the old boat assignments
from 1935, purely on a temporary basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He wanted to spend the first few weeks working on fundamentals. “As a
general rule,” he said, “men are in more receptive mood for pointers when
working with familiar teammates.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
soon as they started rowing at a racing beat, though, he would bust the
boatings up and it would once again be every man for himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boat assignments really didn’t amount to
a hill of beans for now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 229 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bobby Moch:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least one thing was obvious, though.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a Washington boat did go on to ply the
waters of the Langer See in Berlin later that year, Bobby Moch was going to be
sitting in the stern with a megaphone strapped to his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At five foot seven and 119 pounds, Mock was
almost the perfect size for a coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George Pocock, in fact, designed his shells to perform optimally with a
120-pount coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even less weight was
generally desirable, but only provided that the man had the strength to steer
the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like jockeys, coxswains often
went to extraordinary lengths to keep their weight down—they starved themselves,
they purged, they exercised compulsively, they spent long hours in the steam
room trying to sweat off an extra pound or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sometime oarsmen who thought their cox was weighing them down took
matter into their own hands and locked their diminutive captain in the steam
room for a few hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Typical coxswain
abuse,” one Washington cox later said, laughing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Bobby Moch’s case, staying small had never
been much of a problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And at any rate,
even if he had carried an extra pound here or there, the roughly three pounds
devoted to his brain would have more than made up for it. . . . Bobby’s father,
Gaston—a Swiss watchmaker and jeweler—was not a large man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was a prominent member of the
citizenry, a proud member of the all-volunteer fire department, and was
celebrated for having driven the first automobile twelve mile from Aberdeen to
Montesano, a journey that he had accomplished in a jaw-dropping hour and a
half.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Bobby was five, a botched
operation on his appendix nearly killed him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The recovery left him short, skinny, and sickly—affected with severe
asthma—throughout his grade-school years and beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Determined not to let his frailty and his
stature stand in his way, in high school he went out for every sport he could
think of, mastering none but playing all of them tenaciously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he couldn’t make it onto the school
football team, he and other boys who weren’t large enough to make the cut
gathered on the vacant lot just down Broad Street from his home, playing
rough-and-tumble scrub football without benefit of helmets or pads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The smallest of the small boys on the lot,
Bobby was always chosen last, and though he spent much of each game with his
face planted in the dirt, he later credited the experience for much of his
subsequent success in life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It doesn’t
matter how many times you get knocked down,” he told his daughter,
Marilynn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What matters is how many
times you get up.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his senior year in
high school, by sheer force of will, he lettered in—of all
things—basketball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the three pounds
of gray matter he carried around in his skull served him well in the
classroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wound up at the top of his
class, honored as Montesano High’s class valedictorian in 1932. When he
enrolled at the University of Washington, he set his sights on coxing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As with everything else he attempted, he had
to fight tooth and nail to win a seat in the stern of one of Al Ulbrickson’s
boats. But once he was in that seat, his tenacity quickly made a believer out
of Al Ulbrickson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like everyone else in the
shell house, Ulbrickson soon discovered that the only time Mock didn’t’ seem
entirely happy and comfortable in the coxswain’s seat was when he was in the
lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long as he could see another
boat out ahead of him, as long as he had something to overcome, someone to
beat, the boy was on fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1935 Moch
wielded the megaphone in the JV boat that contended with Joe and the other
sophomores for varsity status that season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He wasn’t a popular choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had displaced a well-regarded boy his new crewmates had been rowing with for
two years, and they initially refused to give Moch the respect a coxswain
absolutely depends on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That just made
Moch push them harder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That was a tough
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t liked at all,” he later
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I demanded they do better, so I
made a lot of enemies.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch drove those
boys like Simon Legree with a whip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had a deep baritone voice that was surprising in a man so small, and he used it
to good effect, bellowing out commands with absolute authority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was also canny enough to know when to
let up on the crew, when to flatter them, when to implore them, when to joke
around with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slowly he won his new
crewmates over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bottom line was that
Moch was smart and he knew how to use his smarts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, by the end of the1936 season he’d
have a Phi Beta Kappa key of his own to twirl on his finger, just like Al
Ulbrickson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 231-233<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock to Joe – how to row in the stars:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One exceptionally stormy afternoon in early
March, when the boy were lounging morosely about the shell house,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock tapped Joe on the shoulder and
asked him to come up into the loft,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had a few thoughts he wanted to share with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the shop Pocock leaned over one side of a new shell and began to
apply varnish to its upturned hull. Joe pulled a sawhorse to the other side of
the shell and sat down on it, facing the older man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock began by saying he’d been watching Joe
row for a while now, that he was a fine oarsman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d noted a few technical faults—that Joe
was braking his arms at the elbows a little too early in the stroke and not
catching the water as cleanly as he would if he keep this hands moving at the
same speed that the water was moving under the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that wasn’t what he wanted to talk
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told Joe that there were times
when he seemed to think he was the only fellow in the boat, as if it was up to
him to row the boat across the finish line all by himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a man rowed like that, he said, he was
bound to attack the water rather than to work with it, and worse, he was bound
not to let his crew help him row.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
suggested that Joe think of a well-rowed race as a symphony, and himself as
just one player in the orchestra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one
fellow in an orchestra was playing out of tune, or playing at a different
tempo, the whole piece would naturally be ruined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s the way it was with rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What mattered more than how hard a man rowed
was how well everything he did in the boat harmonized with what the other fellows
were doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a man couldn’t harmonize
with his crewmates unless he opened his heart to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had to care about his crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just the rowing but his crewmates
that he had to give himself up to, even if it meant getting his feelings
hurt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock paused and looked up at
Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If you don’t like some fellow in
the boat, Joe, you have to learn to like him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has to matter to you whether he wins the race, not just whether you do.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told Joe to be careful not to miss his
chance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He reminded him that he’d
already learned to row past pain, past exhaustion, past the voice that told him
it couldn’t be done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That meant he had
an opportunity to do things most men would never have a chance to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he concluded with a remark that Joe would
never forget.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Joe, when you really
start trusting those other boys, you will feel a power at work within you that
is far beyond anything you’ve ever imagined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sometime, you will feel as if you have rowed right off the planet and
are rowing among the stars.” pp. 234-235<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Singing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he returned to the warm cave his father
had constructed, Joe toweled his hair dry, unpacked his banjo, and pulled a
chair up in front of the woodstove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
gathered the kids around him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He tuned
the banjo carefully, fiddling with knobs and plucking at steel strings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he cleared his throat, cracked open a
big white smile, and began to sing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
by one, the kids and Joyce and Harry all joined in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 237<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Boys in the Boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By March 19, Al Ulbrickson figured he had
found his best bet for an Olympic boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He still had it pegged as the second boat on his chalkboard, but the
boys in it were beginning to edge the first boat consistently an Ulbrickson was
quietly putting his final selections into this boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At bow he had Roger Morris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number two, Chuck Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number three was one of Tom Bolles’s
freshmen from the previous year, Gordy Adam, the dairy-farm kid from up on the
Nooksack River near the Canadian border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gordy had attended a two-room country schoolhouse, then Mount Baker High
in the small town of Deming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he’d
spent five brutal months fishing for salmon on the Bering Sea, up in Alaska, to
put together enough money to start at the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a quiet young man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So quiet that in the previous year’s race
against California he’d rowed the whole two miles with his thumb cut to the
bone and never mentioned it to anyone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In honor of that Royal Brougham had begun to refer to him now a Gordy
“Courage” Adam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number four Ulbrickson
had lithe, good-looking Johnny White.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big, rangy Stub McMillin was at number five.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt was at number six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number seven was another of Tom Bolles’s
former freshmen, Merton Hatch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the
stroke position was a fourth member of last year’s freshman crew: poker-faced Don
Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an unusual move to put a
nineteen-year-old sophomore at the critical stroke position, but Hume had
proven so sensational as a freshman that many were already saying he might turn
out to be Washington’s best stroke since Ulbrickson himself had rowed at that
position, maybe even better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He hailed
from Anacortes, then a gritty lumber and fish-canning port fifty miles north of
Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In high school he’d been the
consummate all-around athlete—a star in football, basketball, and track—and an
honor student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also an
accomplished pianist, a devotee of Fats Waller, and capable of pulling off
anything from swing tunes to Mendelssohn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When he was down at a piano, he always drew a crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the crash, his father lost his job at a
pulp mill and moved to Olympia in search of work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don stayed behind in Anacorte, lodging with
family friends and eventually finding work in a lumber mill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walking the cobbled beach on the channel
between Anacortes and Guemes Island one day, he came across and abandoned and
dilapidated thirteen-foot clinker-built rowboat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He refurbished it, took it down to the water,
and discovered that he loved rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Loved it, in fact, more than anything he had ever done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a year follow his graduation from high
school he rowed obsessively—up and down the channel on foggy days and on long
voyages out among the San Juan Islands on sunny days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the job at the lumber mill gave out and
he decided to join his parents in Olympia, he rowed all the way there—a six-day
voyage that covered nearly a hundred miles of water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That fall he moved to Seattle, registered as geology
major at the university, and then made a beeline for the shell house, where Tom
Bolles and Al Ulbrickson quickly discovered that they had an extraordinary
athlete on their hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume pulled a
smooth as silk, and with the precise, mechanical regularity of a
metronome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seemed to have an innate,
deep –seated sense of rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But more
than that, his mastery of his oar, his steady reliability, and his rock-solid
sureness were so apparent that every other boy in the boat could sense them
immediately and thus easily fall into synch with Hume regardless of water
conditions or the state of a race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was key.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the stern of Ulbrickson’s
star boat, wearing the megaphone was, inevitably, Bobby Mock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe was in the third boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it looked as if he’d be staying
there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So fare he hadn’t even made the
presumed JV boat, and so it looked as if he would not be rowing in the Cal race
or beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But then, on March 21, he
walked into the shell house and found his name on the chalkboard, sitting at
seat number seven in boat number two, the boat everyone was talking about as
the best bet for the varsity slot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
couldn’t believe it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t know if
Pocock had talked to Ulbrickson or if Merton Hatch had simply messed up in some
spectacular way, or if Ulbrickson simply needed someone else at number seven
for the day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever the reason, this
was his chance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 238-239<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s chance:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe knew what he had to do, and he found
doing it surprisingly easy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the
moment he stepped into the shell that afternoon, he felt at home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked these boys. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t know Gordy Adam and Don Hume well,
but both made a point of welcoming him aboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His oldest, most reliable shell house friend, Roger Morris, sitting up
front in the bow, gave him a wave and shouted the length of the boat, “Hey, Joe,
I see you finally found the right boat!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His buddies from Grand Coulee, Chuck Day and Jonny White, were sitting
up near the front too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he strapped
his shoes to the footboard and began to lace his feet into the shoes, Stub
McMillin, his face alight, said, ”OK, this boat is going to fly now,
boys.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt slapped him on the
back and whispered, “Got you back, Joe.” pp. 239-240<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They fly: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe rowed that day as he had never been able
to row before—as Pocock had told him to row, giving himself up to the crew’s
effort entirely, rowing as if he were an extension of the man in front of him
and the man behind him, following Hume’s stroke flawlessly, transmitting it back
to Shorty behind him in one continuous flow of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>muscle and wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It felt to Joe
like a transformation, as if some kind of magic had come over him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nearest thing to it he could remember was
the night as a freshman when he had found himself out on Lake Union with the
lights of Seattle twinkling on the water and the breaths of his crewmates
synchronized with his in white plumes in the dark, cold air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, as he climbed out of the boat in the
twilight, he realized that the transformation wasn’t so much that he was trying
to do what Pocock had said as that this was a bunch of boys with whom he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i> do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He just trusted them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the end, it was that simple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson wrote in the logbook, “Changed
Rantz and Hatch and it helped a lot.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That turned out to be an understatement on considerable magnitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the last change Ulbrickson had to
make.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next few days, the boat
began to fly, just a Stub McMillin had said it would.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 239-240<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to pick the best:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a straightforward reason for what
was happening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clipper</i> had been winnowed down by
punishing competition, and in the winnowing a kind of common character had
issued forth: they were all skilled, they were all tough, they were all fiercely
determined, but they were also all good-hearted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of them had come from humble
origins or been humbled by the ravages of the hard times in which they had
grown up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each in his own way, they had
all learned that nothing could be taken for granted in life, that for all their
strength and good looks and youth, forces were at work in the world that were
greater then they.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The challenges they
had faced together had taught them humility—the need to subsume their
individual egos for the sake of the boat as a whole—and humility was the common
gateway through which they were able now to come together and begin to do what
they had not been able to do before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
241 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delos Schoch:</b> p. 245 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bobby’s secret: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Bobby Moch began to make use of those
three pounds of brains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did what was
counterintuitive but smart—what was manifestly hard to do but he knew was the
right thing to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With his opponent out
in front of him, rowing in the midthirties, and maintaining a lead, he told
Hume to lower the stroke count. Hume dropped to twenty-nine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost immediately the boys in the Washington
boat found their swing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don Hume set the
model, taking huge, smooth, deep pulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Joe and the rest of the boys fell in behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very slowly, seat by seat, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> began to regain water on
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Clipper</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the one-mile mark, the two boats were even
and Washington was starting to edge out ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 247 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">98A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on Championship caliber of 1936 U.
S. team (Ch. 14): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be of
championship caliber, a crew must have total confidence in each other, able to
drive with abandon, confident that no man will get the full weight of the pull.
. . . The 1936 crew, with Hume at stroke, rowed with abandon, beautifully
timed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having complete confidence in one
another they would bound on the stroke with one powerful cut; then ghost
forward to the next stroke with the boat running true and hardly a perceptible
slowdown. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were a classic example
of eight-oar rowing at its very best. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
251<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Academic disaster:</b> But on May 18, the
shadow of academic disaster fell over the crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson learned that despite the break, four of his varsity boys still
had incompletes and were just days away from being declared ineligible. He was
furious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back in January he had warned
the boys, “We can’t tarry with scholastic laggards . . . any who fall behind
are just out, that’s all.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he
dragged Chuck Day, Stub McMillin, Don Hume, and Shorty Hunt into his office,
slammed the door shut, and gave them hell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“You can be the best individual oarsmen in the country, but you will be
of no service or use to this squad unless you whip up your class efforts. . . .
That means study!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson was still
fuming as the boys trooped out of the office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everything was suddenly at risk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The worst of all was that while most of them just had to turn in some
overdue work, Don Hume had to flat out ace a final examination to remain
eligible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If there was one boy
Ulbrickson couldn’t afford to lose, it was Don Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 253<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friendship at last:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys, though, were having the times of
their lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On or off the water, they
were almost always together now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
ate together, studied together, and played together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of them had joined the Varsity Boat Club
and lived in the club’s rented house on Seventeenth Avenue, a block north of
the campus, though Joe remained in the basement of the YMCA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On weekend evening the gathered around the
old upright piano in the club’s parlor and sang for hours as Don Hume tore
through jazz tunes, show tunes, blues, and ragtime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes Roger Morris pulled out his
saxophone and joined in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes
Johnny White got out his violin and played along fiddle-style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And almost always Joe got out his banjo or
his guitar and joined in as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody
laughed at him anymore; nobody dreamed of laughing at him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 253-254 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grades up: </b>Don Hume aced his exam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The others finished their incompletes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 254 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing in the stars:</b> Late on the night
of the final time trial, after the wind had died down and the waters had
calmed, they had begun to row back up the river, in the dark, side by side with
the freshman and JV boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon the red
and green running lights of the coaches’ launch disappeared upriver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shells passed under two bridges draped
with shimmering necklaces of amber lights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Along the shore and upon the palisades, warm yellow light poured from
the windows of homes and shell houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a moonless night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
water was ink black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch set the
varsity boys to rowing at a leisurely twenty-two or twenty-three.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe and his crewmates chatted softly with the
boys in the other two boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they
soon found that they had pulled out ahead without meaning to, just pulling soft
and steady.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon, in fact, they had
pulled so far ahead that they could not even hear the boys in the other
boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then, one by one, they
realized that they couldn’t hear anything at all except for the gentle murmur
of their blades dipping into and out of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing in utter darkness now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were alone together in a realm of
silence and darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Years later, as
old men, they all remembered the moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bobby Moch recalled, “You couldn’t hear anything except of the oars
going in the water . . . it’d be a ‘zep’ and that’s all you could hear . . .
the oarlocks didn’t even rattle on the release.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing perfectly, fluidly,
mindlessly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing as if on
another plane, as if in a black void among the stars, just as Pocock had said
they might.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it was beautiful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 259 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">F.D.R.’s house:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the walls were lined from the floor
to the high celling with shelves of books.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any spot on the walls not taken up by books were covered with pictures
of American presidents and various Roosevelts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An ornate fireplace dominated the end of the room where they were
seated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In front of the fireplace was a
fifteen-foot-long library table stacked with new editions of books on every
conceivable topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nearly every other
table in the room had a vase of fresh flowers or a porcelain figurine on it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt, starting to relax, settled into
a comfortable upholstered chair near the fireplace, and then nearly jumped out
of it when Frank told him it was the president’s favorite, and that he
occasionally delivered his famous fireside chats on the radio from that very
chair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 263<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">104<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. The national championship race ends:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then, in the last two hundred yards, thinking
itself fell away, and pain suddenly came shrieking back into the boat, descending
on all of them at once, searing their legs, their arms, their shoulders,
clawing at the backs, tearing at their hearts and lungs as they desperately
gulped at the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in those last two
hundred yards, in an extraordinary burst of speed, rowing at forty stokes per
minute, pounding the water into a froth, Washington passed California.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With each stroke the boys took their rivals
down by the length of another seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
the time the two boats crossed the line, in the last vestiges of twilight, a
glimmer of open water showed between the stern of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> and the bow of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Clipper</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 271 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">105<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Coach coaching:</b> Al Ulbrickson went
down to the water and followed the boys back upriver to the shell house in his
launch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they rowed upstream in the warm
summer dark, Ulbrickson saw that they were pulling flawlessly, with the
exceptional grace and precision that was quickly becoming their norm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grabbed a megaphone and bellowed over the
wet growling of the boat’s engine. “Now that’s it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why didn’t you row like that in the
race?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys glanced at one another,
grinning nervously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody quite knew
whether he was kidding or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 272 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">106. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pocock on swing = success = 4</span><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;">
dimension (Ch. 15):</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"> Therein lies the secret of successful crews: Their
“swing,” that fourth dimension of rowing, which can only be appreciated by an
oarsman who has rowed in a swinging crew, where the run is uncanny and the work
of propelling the shell a delight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P.
275 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coach gets them to believe in each other:</b>
As the Washington boys retreated to the Princeton Inn that night, anxiety
cascaded down on them again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al
Ulbrickson once more spent much of the evening going from room to room, sitting
on the ends of bunks, reassuring his boys, reminding them that they had in
effect won a sprint in the last two thousand meters at Poughkeepsie, telling
them what they already knew in their hearts but needed to hear one more
time—that they could beat any crew in America, at any distance, including
California. All they had to do, he told them, was to continue to believe in one
another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 278-279<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ready to go:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington boys were bare chested, having
stripped off their jerseys just before climbing into their boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They sat now with their oars in the water
ready for the first hard pull, each staring straight ahead at the neck of the
man in front of him, trying to breathe slow and easy, settling their hearts and
minds into the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch reached
under his seat and touched Tom Bolles’s lucky fedora, a few extra ounces of
weight in exchange for a lot of luck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
280 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing right (The Olympic Trials):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky
Clipper</i> remained stuck on California’s tail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys continued to row at
thirty-four.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what a thirty-four it
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don Hume on the port side and Joe
Rantz on the starboard were setting the pace with long, slow, sweet, fluid
strokes, and the boys on each side were falling in behind them flawlessly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the banks of Lake Carnegie, the boys,
their oars, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i>
looked like a single thing, gracefully and powerfully coiling and uncoiling
itself, propelling itself forward over the surface of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight bare backs swung forward and backward
in perfect unison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight white blades
swung forward and backward in perfect unison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Eight white blades dipped in and out of the mirror like water at
precisely the same instant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each time
the blades entered the lake, they disappeared almost without a splash or
ripple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each time the blades rose from
it, the boat ghosted forward without check or hesitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just before the fifteen-hundred-meter mark,
Bobby Mock leaned into Don Hume and shouted, “Here’s California!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s where we take California!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume knocked the stroke rate up just a bit,
to thirty-six, and Washington swiftly walked past Cal seat by seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They began to creep up on Penn’s stern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penn’s stroke man, Lloyd Saxton, watching the
bow of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> coming up
behind him, raised his beat to a killing forty-one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But as Penn’s strokes grew more frequent,
they began inevitably to grow shorter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Glancing at the “Puddles” Washington’s blades left behind in the water,
Saxton was shocked at the distance between them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They were spacing five feet to our three.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was unbelievable,” he said after the
race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington pulled abreast of
Penn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Bobby Moch still hadn’t really
turned the boys loose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coming inside
five hundred meters, he finally did so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He barked at Hume to pick up the tempo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The rate surged to thirty-nine and then immediately to forty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For five or six strokes, the bows of the two
boats contested for the lead, back and forth like the heads of racehorses coming
down the stretch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally Washington’s
bow swung decisively out in front by a few feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From there on, it was, as Gordy Adam would
later say, “duck soup.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With four
hundred meters to go, Washington simply blew past the exhausted boys from Penn,
like an express train passing the morning milk train, swinging into the last
few hundred meters with extraordinary grace and power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last twenty strokes, Shorty Hunt wrote
his parent the next day, were “the best I ever felt in any boat.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the finish they were a full length ahead
and still widening the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they
crossed the line, Bobby Moch, defying the laws of physics and common sense, suddenly
stood bolt upright in the stern of his twenty-four-inch-wide shell,
triumphantly thrusting one first into the air. p. 282 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">110<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. How they won, a Coach’s praise:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al Ulbrickson also made a few, much briefer,
remarks to the press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When asked how he
accounted for his varsity’s success this year, he went straight t the heart of
the matter” “Every man in the boat had absolute confidence in every one of his
mates. . . . Why they won cannot be attributed to individuals, not even to
stroke Don Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heartfelt cooperation
all spring was responsible for the victory.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson was no poet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was
Pocock’s territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the comment was
as close as he could come to capturing what was in his heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He must have known, with a kind of certitude
that he felt in his gut, that he finally had in his grasp what had eluded him
for years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everything had converged; the
right oarsmen, with the right attitudes, the right personalities, the right
skills; a perfect boat, sleek, balanced, and wickedly fast: a winning strategy
at both long and short distances; a coxswain with the guts and smarts to make
hard decisions and make them fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
all added up to more than he could really put into words,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maybe more than even a poet could—something
beyond the sum of it parts, something mysterious and ineffable and gorgeous to
behold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he knew whom to thank for
much of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walking back to the
Princeton Inn that evening with George Pocock, the two men holding their suit
coats over their shoulders in the warm, humid twilight, Ulbrickson stopped
suddenly, turned abruptly to Pocock, and extending his right hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Thanks, George, for your help,” he
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock later remembered the
moment: “Coming from Al,” he mused, “That was the equivalent of fireworks and a
brass band.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 283-284 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">111<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. New York’s diversity:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They made their way through the throng,
fascinated by the thousand voices of New York—Italian-speaking mothers and
Spanish-speaking Puerto Rican boys, Yiddish-speaking grandfathers and
Polish-speaking girls, giddy children calling out to one another in dozens of tongues
and all varieties of English, their voices tinged with the inflections of the
Bronx and Brooklyn and New Jersey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
287 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">112<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Exploring New York:</b> As they explored
New York, they began to come, one by one, to a new realization about how things
stood for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Time Square one
afternoon, a tall, somewhat heavy man rushed up to Shorty, took a good look,
and said, “You’re Shorty Hunt!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
looked at the other boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You fellows
are the Washington crew, aren’t’ you?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When they assured him they were, he gushed that he had recognized Shorty
from a picture in the newspaper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
a former Columbia oarsman himself, he said, and after watching their recent
exploits he had decided to send his son west for college so he too might become
a great crewman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the first time
any of them really began to understand that they were now America’s crew, not
the University of Washington’s—that the W on their jerseys was about to be
replaced with “USA.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Joe, the moment
of epiphany came on the eighty-sixth floor of the new Empire State
Building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of the boys had ever
ridden an elevator more than a few floors in a hotel, and the rapid ascent both
thrilled and frightened them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ears popped,
eyes bulged,” Shorty Hunt wrote home breathlessly that night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe had never flown in an airplane, never
seen a city from any higher vantage point than that afforded by his own
six-foot-three frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, standing on
the observation deck, he looked out at the many spires of New York rising
through a pall of smoke and steam and heat haze and did not know whether he
found it beautiful or frightening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
learned over the low stone parapet and peered down at miniature cars and buses
and swarms of tiny people scurrying along the streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The city below him, Joe realized,
murmured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cacophony of honking horns
and wailing sirens and rumbling streetcars that had assaulted his ears at
street level were reduced up here to something gentler and more soothing, like
the sonorous breathing of an enormous living thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was much bigger, more connected, world
than he had ever thought possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
dropped a nickel in a telescope for a better view of the Brooklyn Bridge, then
swept across Lower Manhattan and out to the distant Statue of Liberty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a few days, he would be sailing under her
on his way to a place where as he understood it, liberty was not a given, where
it seemed to be under some kind of assault.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The realization that was settling on all the boys settled on Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were now representative of something
much larger than themselves—a way of life, a shared set of values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liberty was perhaps the most fundamental of
those values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the things that held
them together—trust in each other, mutual respect, humility, fair play,
watching out for one another—those were also part of what American meant to all
of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And right along with a passion
for liberty, those were the things they were about to take to Berlin and lay
before the world when they took to the water at Grunau.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 288-289 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heat Wave:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By July 9, New York City was baking in the
greatest heat wave in American history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For a moth, unheard-of temperatures had been searing the West and
Midwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the terrible summer of
1934 hadn’t been this bad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now the dome
of heat extended from coast to coast and far north into Canada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three thousand Americans would die of the
heat that week, forty of them in New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 290 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on muscle, hearts and minds as one
(Ch 16):</b> Good thoughts have much to do with good rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It isn’t enough for the muscles of a crew to
work in unison; their hearts and minds must also be as one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 297<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">115. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony of heart and head (Ch.
17):</b> To see a winning crew in action is to witness a perfect harmony in
which everything is right. . . . That is the formula for endurance and success:
rowing with the heart and head as well as physical strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 321<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They come together:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet even as they fretted and fumed, something
else was quietly at work among Ulbrickson’s boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they began to see traces of tension and
nervousness in one another, they began instinctively to draw close
together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They took to huddling on the
float before and after workouts, talking about what, precisely, they could do
to make each row better than the one before, looking one another in the eye,
speaking earnestly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joking and horseplay
fell by the wayside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They began to grow
serious in a way they had never been before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Each of them knew that a defining moment in his life was nearly at hand;
none wanted to waste it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And none wanted
to waste it for the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All along
Joe Rantz had figured that he was the weak link in the crew. He’d been added to
the boat last, he’d often struggled to master the technical side of the sport,
and he still tended to row erratically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But what Joe didn’t yet knew—what he wouldn’t, in fact, fully realize
until much later, when he and the other boys were becoming old men—was that
every boy in the boat felt exactly the same that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of them believed he was simply
lucky to be rowing in the boat, that he didn’t really measure up to the obvious
greatness of the other boys, and that he might fail the others at any
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of them was fiercely
determined not to let that happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly, in those last few days, the boys—each in his own way—centered
and clamed themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Huddled on the
dock, they draped arms over one another’s shoulders and talked through their
race plan, speaking softly but with more assurance, accelerating their advance
along the rough road from boyhood to manhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They quoted Pocock to one another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Roger and Joe took walks along the shores of the Langer See, skipping
stones, clearing their minds, Johnny White took some time to lie shirtless in
the sun on the lawn in front of Haus West, working on a tan to complement his
Pepsodent –white smile but also thinking through how he was going to row,
Shorty Hunt wrote long letters home, purging his anxiety by leaving it behind
on pieces of paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And finally the boat
beneath them began to come to life again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rowing twice a day, they began to release what was latent in their
bodies and to find their swing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everything began to fell right again, so long as Don Hume was in at
stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Hume seemed to be key.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As soon as Hume returned, the tentativeness,
awkwardness, and uncertainty they had felt when Ulbrickson had taken him out
evaporated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock had seen the
difference at a glance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All they needed now, Pocock told
them on August 10, was a little competition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The next day a British reporter watching them warned readers back home
that the boys for the Leander Club might just meet their match in the American
crew: The Washington University [sic] eight is the finest eight here, and it is
as perfect as a crew can be.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
326-327 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Preliminary Race – Victory:</b> Still, the
British bow remained out in front of the American bow with 150 meters to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the American boys had found
their swing and they were holding on to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were rowing as hard as they had ever rowed, taking huge sweeping
cuts at the water, over and over again, rocking into the beat as if they were
forged together, approaching forty strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every muscle, tendon, and ligament in their
bodies was burning with pain, but they were rowing beyond pain, rowing in
perfect, flawless harmony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing was
going to stop them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last twenty
strokes, and particularly in the final twelve gorgeous strokes, they simply
powered past the British boat, decisively and unambiguously,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The twenty-five thousand international fans
in the stands—a good portion of them Americans—rose and cheered them as their
bow knifed across the line a full twenty feet ahead of the British shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A moment later, Don Hume pitched forward and
collapsed across his oar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took Moch a
full minute of splashing water on Hume’s face before he was able to sit upright
again and help paddle the shell over to the float.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When they got there, though, the boys got
sweet news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their time, 6:00.8, was a
new course record.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, sweeter yet, it
was a new world and Olympic record, eclipsing California’s 1928 time of
6:03.02. When Al Ulbrickson arrived on the float, he crouched down next to the
boat and, with a cryptic smile, quietly said, “Well done boys.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe had never heard his coach speak in quite
that tone of voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There seemed to be a
hint of hushed respect in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost
deference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 331-332 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">118. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nazi terror:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there was a Germany the boys could not
see, a Germany that was hidden from them, either by design or by time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just that the signs—“Fur Juden
verboten,” “Juden sind hier unerwunscht”—had been removed, or that the Gypsies
had been rounded up and taken away, or that the vicious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sturmer</i> newspaper had been withdrawn from the racks in the tobacco shops
in Kopenick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were larger, darker,
more enveloping secrets all around them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They knew nothing of the tendrils of blood that had billowed in the
waters of the river Spree and the Langer See in June of 1933, when SA storm
troopers rounded up hundreds of Kopenick’s Jews, Social Democrats, and Catholic
and tortured ninety-one of them to death—beating some until their kidneys
ruptured or the skin split open, and then pouring hot tar into their wounds
before dumping the mutilated bodies into the town’s tranquil waterways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They could not see the sprawling Sachsenhausen
concentration camp under construction that summer just north of Berlin, where
before long more than two hundred thousand Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s
Witnesses, Gypsies, and eventually Soviet prisoners of war, Polish civilians,
and Czech university students would be held, and where tens of thousands of
them would die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there was much more
just over the horizon of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
could see the sprawling yellow clinker-brick complex of the AEG Kabelwerk
factory just outside town, but they could not see the thousands of slave laborers
that would soon be put to work there, manufacturing electric cables, laboring twelve
hour a day, living in squalid camps nearby until they died of typhus or
malnutrition,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the boys walked past
the pretty synagogue at 8 Freiheit, or “Freedom,” street, they could not see
the mob with torches that would loot it and burn it to the ground on the night
of November 9, 1938—Kristalnacht.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
they peered into Richard Hirschhahn’s clothing shop, they might have seen
Richard and his wife, Hedwig, at work on sewing machines in the back of the shop
as their daughters—eighteen-year-old Evan and nine-year-old Ruth—waited on
customers up front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Hirschhahns were
Jewish, members of the congregation on Freiheit street, and they were deeply
concerned about how things were going in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Richard had fought and been wounded in
the Great War, and he did not think any harm would come to him or his family in
the long run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I’ve bled for Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany won’t let me down,” he like to tell
his wife and daughters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, Hedwig
had returned recently from a trip to Wisconsin, and the Hirschhahns had begun
to think about trying to move there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had, in fact, some American friends staying with them in Koopenick
that week, in town to see the Olympics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The boys might have peeked into the shop and seen all of them, but what
they couldn’t have seen was the night when the SS men would come for Ruth, the
littlest of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruth they would take
to her death first, because she had asthma and was too weak to work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rest of the family they would leave in
Kopenick to work as slaves—Eva in Siemens munition factory, her parents in a
sweatshop, manufacturing German military uniforms—until it was time to come
back for them too, in March 1943.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
the SS men would put Richard and Hedwig on a train to Auschwitz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eva would evade them, escape into Berlin,
hide there, and miraculously survive the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But she would be the only one, the rarest of exceptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like the Hirschhahns, many of the Kopenickers
the boys passed on the street that afternoon were doomed: people who waited on
the boys in shops, old women strolling around the castle grounds, mothers
pushing baby carriages on cobblestone streets, children shrieking gleefully on
playgrounds, old men walking dogs—loved and loving and destined for cattle cars
and death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 333-334 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sperm whale oil advantage</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock, meanwhile, began applying a
coat of sperm whale oil to the underside of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper. </i>p. 337<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why eight-oared race is #1:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the final and most prestigious event of
the day—the eight-oared race—grew near, the crowd began to grow noisy once
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the rowing even that
nations boasted about more than any other, the ultimate test of young men’s
ability to pull together, the greatest display of power, grace, and guts on
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 338 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the champion’s reserve of power –
Ch. 18: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men as fit as you, when your
everyday strength is gone, can draw on a mysterious reservoir of power far
greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it is that you can reach
for the stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is the way champions
are made. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The final, the Olympic, victory:</b> Two
seats in front of him, Bobby Mock was still desperately trying to figure out
what to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume still wasn’t
responding, and as they approached the twelve-hundred-meter mark, the situation
was becoming critical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only option
Mock had left, the only thing he could think of, was to hand the stroke off to
Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be a dangerous
move—unheard of really—more likely than not to confuse everyone with an oar in
his hand, to throw the rhythm of the boat into utter chaos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Moch had lost his ability to regulate the
pace of his boat, and that spelled certain doom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If he could get Joe to set the rhythm, maybe
Hume would sense the change and pick it up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At any rate, he had to do something, and he had to do it now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Moch leaned forward to tell Joe to set the
stroke and raise the rate, Don Hume’s head snapped up, his eyes popped open, he
clamped his mouth shut, and then looked Bobby Moch straight in the eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch, started, locked eyes with him and
yelled, “Pick’er up! Pick’er up!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume
picked up the pace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch yelled again,
“One length to make up—six hundred meters!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The boys leaned into their oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The stroke rate jumped to thirty-six, the thirty-seven.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time the field charged past the
fifteen-hundred-meter mark, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky
Clipper </i>had eased from fifth to third place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the shell house balcony, down the course,
Al Ulbrickson’s hopes silently soared when he saw the boat move, but the move
seemed to peter out with the boys still well short of the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With five hundred meters to go, there were
still nearly a full length behind Germany and Italy, over in lanes one and
two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Swiss and the Hungarians were
fading badly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The British were coming
back, but once again Ran Laurie, with his narrow-bladed oar, was having a
difficult time getting enough of a catch to help power his shell through the
wind and waves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch commanded Hume to
take the beat up another notch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across
the way, Wilhelm Mahlow, the cox in the German boat, told Gerd Vols, his stroke
the same thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirty-year-old Cesare
Milani in the Italian boat shouted the same directive to his stroke, Enrico
Garzelli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italy crept a few feet farther
ahead of the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the Langer See
narrowed down into the home stretch, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky
Clipper</i> at last entered water that was more sheltered from the wind,
protected on both sides by tall trees and buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The game was on now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch eased the rudder back parallel
with the hull of the boat and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clipper</i>
finally began to run free.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the
playing field more even, and Don Hume back among the living, the boys suddenly
started to move again at 350 meters, reeling the leaders in seat by seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With 300 meters to go, the bow of the
American boat pulled roughly even with the German and Italian bows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approaching the final 200 meters, the boys
pulled ahead by a third of a length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
ripple of apprehension shuddered through the crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch glanced up at the huge
black-and-white “Ziel” sign at the finish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He began to calculate just what he needed to get out of the boys to make
sure he got there ahead of the boats off to his left, it was time to start
lying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mock barked, “Twenty more
strokes!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He started counting them down,
“Nineteen, eighteen, seventeen, sixteen fifteen . . . Twenty, nineteen . .
.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each time he hit fifteen he reset back
to twenty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a daze, believing they
were finally bearing down on the line, the boys threw their long bodies into
each stroe, rowing furiously, flawlessly, and with uncanny elegance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their oars smoothly , efficiently, the
shell’s whale-oil-slick hull ghosting forward between pulls, its sharp cedar
prow slicing through dark water, boat and men forged together, bounding
fiercely forward like a living thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The they rowed into a world of confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were in full-sprint mode, ratcheting the
stroke rate up toward forty, when they hit a wall of sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were suddenly right up alongside the
enormous wooden bleachers on the north side of the course, not more than ten
feet from thousands of spectators screaming in unison, “Deutsch-land!
Deutsch-land!” Deutsch-land!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sound
of it cascaded down on them, reverberated from one shore to the other, and
utterly drowned out Bobby Moch’s voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even Don Hume, sitting just eighteen inches in front of him, couldn’t
make out what Mock was shouting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
noise assaulted them, bewildered them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Across the way, the Italian boat began another surge. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So did the German boat, both rowing at over
forty now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both clawed their way back to
even with the American boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch
saw them and screamed into Hume’s face, “Higher! Higher!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Give her all you’ve got!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody could hear him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stub McMillin didn’t know what was happening,
but he didn’t like whatever it was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
flung the F word into the wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
didn’t know what was happening either, except that he hurt as he’d never hurt
in a boat before—hot knives slipped into the sinews of his arms and legs and
sliced across his broad back with each stroke; every desperate breath seared
his lungs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fixed his eyes on the back
of Hume’s neck and focused his mine on the simple, cruel necessity of taking
the next stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony of Haus
West, Hitler dropped his binoculars to his side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He continued to rock back and forth with the
chanting of the crowd, rubbing his right knee each time he leaned forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goebels held his hands over his head
applauding wildly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goring began thumping
Werner von Bomberg’s back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony
next door, Al Ulbrickson, the Deadpan Kid, stood motionless, expressionless, a
cigarette in his mouth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fully
expected to see Don Hume pitch forward over his oar at any moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NBC’s Bill Slater was screaming over KOMO’s
airwaves in Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harry and Joyce and
the kids couldn’t make out what was happening, but they were all on their
feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They thought maybe the boys were
ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch glanced left, saw the German
and Italian boats surging again, and knew that somehow the boys had to go even
higher, give even more than they were giving, even as he knew they were already
giving everything they had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could see
it in their faces—in Joe's contorted grimace, in Don Hume’s wide-open,
astonished eyes, eyes that seemed to stare past him into some unfathomable
void.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grabbed the wooden knockers on
the tiller lines and began to bang them against the ironbark knocker-boards
fastened to either side of the hull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even if the boys couldn’t hear it, maybe they could feel the
vibrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did. And immediately
understood it for what it was—a signal that they needed to do what was
impossible, to go even higher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somewhere,
deep down inside, each of them grasped at shreds of will and strength they did
not know they possessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their hearts
were pumping at nearly two hundred beats per minute now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were utterly beyond exhaustion, beyond
what their bodies should be able to endure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The slightest miscue by any one of them would mean catching a crab, and
catastrophe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the gray gloom below the
grandstands full of screaming faces, their white blades flickered in and out of
the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was neck and neck
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony, Al Ulbrickson bit
the cigarette in his mouth in half, spat it out, jumped onto a chair, and began
to bellow at Moch: “Now! Now! Now!” Somewhere a voice squealed hysterically on
a loudspeaker, “Italien! Deutschland! Italien! Achh . . . Amerika! Italien!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The three boats stormed toward the finish
line, the lead going back and forth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moch pounded on the ironwood as hard and as fast as he could, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">snap-snap-snap</i> of the firing almost like
a machine gun in the stern of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hume took the beat higher and higher until the boys hit forty-five.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had never rowed this high before—never
even conceived of it as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They edged
narrowly ahead, but the Italians began to close again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Germans were right beside them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land!”
Thundered in the boys’ ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch
sat astride the stern, hunched forward, pounding the wood, screaming words no
one could hear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys took on last
mighty stroke and hurled the boat across the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a span of a single second, the German,
Italian, and American boats all crossed the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony Hitler raised a clenched fist
shoulder high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goebbels leapt up and
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hermann Goring slapped his knee
again, a maniacal grin on his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the American boat, Don Hume bowed his head as if in prayer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the German boat, Gerd Vols toppled
backward into the lap of the number seven man, Herbert Schmidt, who had raised
a triumphant fist high over his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the Italian boat, somebody leaned forward and vomited overboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crowd continued to roar, “Deutsch-land!
Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody knew
who had won.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The American boat drifted
on down the lake, beyond the grandstands, into a quieter world, the boys
leaning over their oars, gasping for breath, their faces still shattered by
pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt realized he couldn’t
get his eyes to track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone
whispered, “Who won?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roger Morris
croaked, “Well . . . we did . . . I think.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Finally the loudspeakers crackled back to life with the official results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bow of the American boat had touched the
line at 6:25.4, six-tenths of a second ahead of the Italian boat, exactly a
second ahead of the German boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
chanting of the crowd faded suddenly, as if turned off by a spigot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony of Haus West, Hitler turned
and strode back into the building, unspeaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Goebbels and Goring and the rest of the Nazi officials scurried in
behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the American boat, it
took a moment for the boys to understand the German announcement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when they did, their grimaces of pain
turned suddenly to broad white smiles, smiles that decades later would flicker
across old newsreels, illuminating the greatest moment of their lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 348-351<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">123. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the crew as a whole (Ch. 19):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where is the spiritual value of rowing? . . .
The losing of self entirely to the cooperative effort of the crew as a whole.
p. 353 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">124. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson on his crew:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time Ulbrickson found his voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were, he said unambiguously, “the finest
I ever saw seated in a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I’ve
seen some corking boatloads.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 354<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">125. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Joe realized at last</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immediately after the race, even as he sat
gasping for air in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i>
while it drifted down the Langer See beyond the finish line, an expansive sense
of calm had enveloped him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last
desperate few hundred meters of the race, in the searing pain and bewildering
noise of hat final furious sprint, there had come a singular moment when Joe
realized with startling clarity that there was nothing more he could do to win
the race, beyond what he was already doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Except for one thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could
finally abandon all doubt, trust absolutely without reservation that he and the
boy in front of him and the boys behind him would all do precisely what they
need to do at precisely the instant they needed to do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had known in that instant that there could
be no hesitating, no shred of indecision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had had no choice but to throw himself into each stroke as if he were
throwing himself off of a cliff into a void, with unquestioned faith that the
others would be there to save him from catching the whole weight of the shell
on his blade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he had done it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over and Over, forty-four times per minute,
he had hurled himself blindly into his future, not just believing but knowing
that the other boys would be there for him, all of them moment by precious
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the white-hot emotional
furnace of those final meters at Grunau, Joe and the boys had finally forged the
prize they had sought all season, the prize Joe had sought nearly all his
life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he felt whole, He was ready to
go home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 355 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">126. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the things that last (Epilogue): </b>Harmony,
balance and rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’re the three
things that stay with you your whole life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Without them civilization is out of whack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that’s why an oarsman, when he goes out
in life, he can fight it, he can handle life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s what he gets from rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 357 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">127. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The cost of victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poughkeepsie [national championship] was the
last race for Roger Morris, Shorty Hunt, and Joe Rantz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By Royal Brougham’s calculations, done that
night on a bar napkin, in four years of college rowing, each of them had rowed
approximately 4,344 miles, far enough to take him from Seattle to Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along the way, each had taken roughly 469,000
strokes with his oar, all in preparation for only 28 miles of actual collegiate
racing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those four years, and over
the course of those 28 miles, the three of them—Joe, Shorty, and Roger—had
never once been defeated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 359<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">128. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Last years in cedar wood:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his later years, after he retired from
Boeing, Joe immersed himself in his old passion of working with cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He hiked deep into the northwest woods,
climbed up steep mountain inclines, and scrambled over jumbles of fallen trees,
hauling with him a chainsaw, a peavey, a splitting maul, and assorted iron
wedges jammed into his pockets, in search of salvageable wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrestle the logs down from the mountains
and brought them back to his workshop where he crafted them by hand into shakes
and posts and rails and other useful items, and established a small and
successful business fulfilling order for his cedar products.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he moved into his ninth decade, his
daughter Judy, and occasionally other family members, went along with him to
lend a hand, and to watch out for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 361-362 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">129. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The heralds of Hitler’s doom:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standing there, watching them, it occurred to
me that when Hitler watched Joe and the boys fight their way back from the rear
of the field to sweep ahead of Italy and Germany seventy-five years ago, he
saw, but did not recognize, heralds of his doom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He could not have known that one day hundreds of thousands of boys just like
them, boys who shared their essential natures—decent and unassuming, not
privileged or favored by anything particular, just loyal, committed, and
perseverant—would return to Germany dressed in olive drab, hunting him
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 368 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;">Index<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">America:
America’s Crew – 112, America – 112, Shared Values – 112 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Arête:
40, 42, 96, 109, 110, 117 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Art: The
Goal – 36, 45, 53, Artist at work – 56, Joe like art – 61, Poetry in motion –
62, 82, 128<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Bears:
23 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Beauty:
11, 16, 53, 61, 82 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">The
Boat: The boys that make it – 42, The team – 95, 110, 123, Trust the boat –
125, Quality of the 1936 U. S. Crew – 97A<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">The
Boys: 42, Stub McMillin – 59, Joe’s beauty – 61, Jonny White, all American Boy
– 74, Jonny White – 75, Jonny White, his father and his boat – 76, Chuck Day,
competition – 77, Stub McMillin – 83, Bobby Moch- 90, Bobby Moch’s Brain,
Determination, Chosen last for boyhood teams, School Work, Leadership -
90,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gordy Adam – 93, Don Hume - 93<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Books:
55, 103 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Boat
Building: Who built it? – 15, 16, Building the shell – 56, 82 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Campfire:
78 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Champion’s
reserve of power: 121<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Charlie
McDonald: 28, 53, Dead – 87 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Character:
42, 69 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Climate
Change: 49, 71, 113<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Coaching:
5, 6, 10, 31, 38, 81, 85, 91, 96, 105, Tom Bolles – 108, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>107, 117, 124<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Competition:
77<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Coxswain:
67, 90<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Crested
Wheat Grass: Search for – 49 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Deceit:
122<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Delos:
97<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Depression:
3, 24, 26, 50, 51, 74, 93 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Difference:
All rowing jobs different – 39 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Diversity:
68, 68 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Doing
Hard Things Makes You Strong: Doing your best – 15, 28, 37<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Dust
Bowl: 33, 49, 65<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">East – v
– west: 47 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Eight
Oared Race, #1: 120 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Endurance:
31 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Failure:
Unacceptable – 59 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Faith:
125<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Father:
8 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Flying:
95 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Freedom:
64 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Friendship:
83, Necessary – 91, 100, 116<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Giving
more than you have: 122 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">George
Pocock: 15, 81, Helping Joe – 82, Speaks to Joe – 84, Pocock to Joe – 91, Thanks
to him – 110 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">George
Pocock’s Wise Sayings: Pocock on the Beauty of the Sport (Prolog) – 1, Pocock
on unseen values (Ch 1) – 2, Pocock on the growing of trees (Ch. 2) – 7, Pocock
on coaching, teaching, learning (Ch 3) – 10, Georg Pocock on overcoming
resistance makes you stronger. (Ch. 4) – 22, Georg Pocock on endurance- no time
outs (Ch.5) – 31, Georg Pocock on his goal to be a first-class artisan (Ch. 6) –
35 Georg Pocock on rowing with the head (Ch. 7) – 45, Pocock on harmony between
shell and crew (Ch. 8) – 52, Pocock on harmony between shell and crew (Ch. 8) –
57, Pocock on free – it’s got to be (Ch. 10) – 64, Pocock on what an oar’s man
feels (Ch. 11) – 70, Pocock—Be part of the boat (Ch. 12) – 79, Pocock on Rhythm
– Swing (Ch. 13) – 88, Pocock on Championship caliber of 1936 U. S. team (Ch.
14) – 98A, Pocock on swing = success = 4</span><sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> dimension (Ch. 15)106,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock on muscle, hearts and minds as one (Ch
16) – 114, Pocock on harmony of heart and head (Ch. 17) – 115, Pocock on the
champion’s reserve of power – Ch. 18 – 121, Pocock on the crew as a whole (Ch.
19) – 123, Pocock on the things that last (Epilogue) - 126 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Golf on
a Log: 20<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Gymnastics:
29 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Hard
times: 50 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Hard Work:
To build strength – 76, In the cold – 86 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Hard
Things: Problems make you strong – 22, Good for You – 67, Work (cleansing) –
73, 85 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Harmony:
52, 91, Harmony, balance, and rhythm – 126<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">History:
Depression – 3, Depression – 24, Depression – 26, Dust Bowl – 33, Climate change
– 35, Climate change – 49, Dust storm – 49, Depression – 50, Depression – 51,
Dust Bowl – 65, Passivism – 66, Climate change – 71, Depression – 75, New York
Diversity – 111, Climate Change – 113 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Hitler’s
Doom: 129<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Humility:
96, 116 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Individuality:
60, Crew is not – 67, Good – 68 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Joe
Rantz: Gets up – 25, Grows strong – 27, Joe’s Beauty – 61, Gets a job at Grand
Coulee – 72, Jackhammer job – 72, Joe’s job – 73, Joe’s chance – 94, Gives his
all – 125 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Learning:
10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Liberty:
112 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Luck:
108 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Magic
Feelings: 70 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Mother:
Boys need – 84 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Muscles:
12<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Nazi
Atrocities: 80, 118 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Opportunities:
2, 9, Impediments – 42, Cedars no one wants – 53 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Own Way:
25<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Pain:
11, 12, 13, Joe knew how to hurt – 21, 44, 48, Pain = Beauty – 67, 104, Beyond
pain – 117, 122<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Paradox:
Crew – 67 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Passivism:
66 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Price
Collapse: 24<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Psychology:
68 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Pulling
your weight: 57 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Race
described: Described – 44, Freshman victory – 48, The end – 104, Victory over
Cal – 109, Victory over Briton – 117, Olympic victory – 122 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Reading:
Pocock well read – 55<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Record
Time: 117 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Religion:
82<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Resistance:
Overcoming – 22 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Resources:
Using good – 51 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Reserve
of Power: 63 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Roosevelt:
Grand Coulee Dam – 51, His house – 103 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Rowing:
12, 13, 17, 39, Key factors – 40, 64, Why? – 84, Why Joe Rowed – 85, Right – 109
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Rhythm:
88<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Scent:
30, 53<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">School
Work: 99, 101 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Scouting:
2, Staff more important than Director – 39, Rowers like a Camp Staff – 39, Campfire
and wilderness adventure – 78, Singing – 91, Picking a Staff or crew – 96,
Singing – 100 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Shirtless:
78, 108, 116 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Singing –
92, 100<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Smoking:
“Good” for you – 4 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Socialism:
50<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Sperm
Whale Oil: 119, 122<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Sports:
53<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Stars:
8, In the stars – 91, Among the stars – 91, 102, Race for the stars – 121 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Strategy:
40, Misdirection – 43, 46, 98 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Struggle:
Of life makes us strong – 82 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Success:
106 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Swing:
62, 63, 98 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Synergy:
28 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Teaching:
2, 9, 10, 53, Teacher – 87 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Team
Building: 6, 14, 18, 34, Make up – 68, Make up – 69, 79, 81, 82, 85, 89, Trust
– 91, 110 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Team
Work: 28, 41, 60, 62, 73, 82, Like a symphony – 91, The boat – 93, Team Work –
95, 96, 102, 110, 116 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Tears of
Joy: 34 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Technique:
Catching a Crab – 19, 20, 39, Balancing act – 40, 45, 67 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Training:
Rules – 5, 54 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Trees: 7,
28, 53, Rings – 82, 128 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Tools:
56, 82<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Trophies:
44<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Ulbrickson:
5, Like Ahab – 58, 104, 123 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Unseen
Force: 56 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Values: Unseen
– 2, Unlikely places – 9, American values win the war – 129 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Victory:
Winning – 46, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Final Olympic – 122, The
cost – 127 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Weak:
Leave – 14, 18, 21, 32, 37<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Wood:
28, 53, Reading the wood – 53, 56, 82, 128 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Work:
Working for money to pay for school – 53, To pay for college – 83, Earning
money for school – 93 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">Daniel
James Brown<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Boys in the Boat<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></i><span style="font-size: small;"></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">New
York<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">Penguin
Group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">2014<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 60pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 60pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></b> </div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-18698096081560534532016-09-16T13:36:00.000-06:002016-09-16T14:32:10.555-06:00The Boys in the Boat - Daniel James Brown<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This is one of the best books I've read in a long time, it is one of the best books I have ever read. Below are 129 chosen quotes followed by an index to help in finding specific topics. Read the book, check out the quotes. </span></span></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;">The Boys in the Boat</span></i></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daniel James Brown </span></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the Beauty of the Sport (Prolog):</b>
In a sport like this—hard work, not much glory, but still popular in every
century—well, there must be some beauty which ordinary men can’t see, but
extraordinary men do. p. 1</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock on unseen values (Ch 1):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having rowed myself since the tender age of
twelve and having been around rowing ever since, I believe I can speak
authoritatively on what we may call the unseen values of rowing—social, moral,
and spiritual values of this oldest of chronicled sports in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No didactic teaching will place these values
in a young man’s soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has to get
them by his own observation and lessons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>P. 7</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. History – The Great Depression:</b> Along
the waterfront, seaplanes from the Gorst Air Transport Company rose slowly from
the surface of Puget Sound and droned westward, flying low under the cloud
cover, beginning their short hops over the naval shipyard at Bremerton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ferries crawled away from Colman Cock on
water as flat and dull as old pewter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Downtown, the Smith Tower pointed, like an upraised finger, toward
somber skies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the streets below the
tower, men in fraying suit coats, worn-out shoes, and battered felt fedoras
wheeled wooden carts toward the street corners where they would spend the day
selling apples and oranges and packages of gum for a few pennies apiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Around the corner, on the steep incline of
Yesler Way, Seattle’s old, original Skid Road, more men stood in long lines,
heads bent, regarding the wet sidewalks and talking softly among themselves as
they waited for the soup kitchens to open.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Trucks form the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Post
Intelligencer</i> rattled along cobblestone streets, dropping off bundles of
newspapers. Newsboys in woolen caps lugged the bundles to busy intersections,
to trolley stops, and to hotel entrances. Where they held the papers aloft,
hawking them for two cents a copy, shouting the day’s headline: “15,000,000 to
Get U. S. Relief.” A few blocks south of Yesler, in a shantytown sprawling
along the edge of Elliott Bay, children awoke in damp cardboard boxes the
served as beds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their parents crawled
out of tin-and-tar-paper shacks and into the stench of sewage and rotting
seaweed from the mudflats to the west.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They broke apart wooden crates and stooped over smoky campfires, feeding
the flames. The looked up at the uniform gray skies and, seeing in them tokens
of much colder weather ahead, wondered how they would make it through another
winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Northwest of downtown, in the
old Scandinavian neighborhood of Ballard, tugboats belching plumes of black
smoke nosed long rafts of logs into the locks that would raise them to the
level of Lake Washington. But the gritty shipyards and boat works clustered
around the locks were largely quiet, nearly abandoned in fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Salmon Bay, just to the east, dozens of
fishing boats, unused for months, sat bobbing at moorage, the paint peeling
form their weathered hulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Phinney
Ridge, looming above Ballard, wood smoke curled up from the stovepipes and
chimneys of hundreds of modest homes and dissolved into the mist overhead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the fourth year of the Great
Depression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One in four working
Americans—ten million people—had no job and no prospects of finding one, and
only a quarter of them were receiving any kind of relief.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Industrial production had fallen by half in
those four years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least one million,
and perhaps as many as two million, were homeless, living on the streets or in
shantytowns like Seattle’s Hooverville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In many American towns, it was impossible to find a bank whose doors
weren’t permanently shuttered; behind those doors the savings of countless
American families had disappeared forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nobody could say when, or if, the hard times would ever end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And perhaps that was the worst of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether you were a banker or a baker, a
homemaker or homeless, it was with you night and day—a terrible, unrelenting
uncertainty about the future, a feeling that the ground could drop out from
under you for good at any moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
March an oddly appropriate movie had come out and quickly become a smash hit: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">King Kong</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Long lines formed in front of movie theaters
around the country. People of all ages shelling out precious quarters and dimes
to see the story of a huge, irrational beast that had invaded the civilized
world, taken its inhabitants into its clutches, and left them dangling over the
abyss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 7-9</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Smoking good for you adds:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others dangled cigarettes from their lips,
and as they paged through the day’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle
Post-Intelligencer</i> they could take satisfaction in the half-page add that
trumpeted the latest proof of the health benefits of smoking. “21 of 23 Giants
World’s Champions Smoked Camels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
Takes Healthy Nerves to Win the World Series.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 11 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson and the power of a good coach:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He commanded enormous respect among his boys,
but he did so almost entirely without raising his voice, almost, in fact,
without speaking to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His few words
were so carefully chosen and so effectively delivered that every one of them
feel like a blade or a balm on the boy to whom they were delivered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He strictly forbade his boys form smoking,
cursing, or drinking, though he was known occasionally to do all three himself
when safely out of sight or earshot of his crews.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To the boys, he seemed at time almost devoid
of emotion, yet year after year he somehow managed to stir the deepest and most
affirmative emotions many of the had ever know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 16-17</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to select a crew:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that, Ulbrickson knew, had to start here
on this dock, with the boys who were now wandering off into the waning
light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somewhere among the—those green
and untested boys—lay much of the stock from which he would have to select a
crew capable of going all the way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
trick would be to find which few of them had the potential for raw power, the
nearly superhuman stamina, the indomitable willpower, and the intellectual
capacity necessary to master the details of technique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And which of them, coupled improbably with
all those other qualities, had the most important one: the ability to disregard
his own ambitions, to throw his ego over the gunwales, to leave it swirling in
the wake of his shell, and to pull, not just for himself, not just for glory,
but for the other boys in the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
23</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the growing of trees (Ch. 2):</b>
These giants of the forest are something to behold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some have been growing for a thousand years,
and each tree contains its own story of the centuries, long struggle for
survival.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking at the annular rings
of the wood, you can tell what seasons they have been through.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some drought years they almost perished,
as growth is barely perceptible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
others, the growth was far greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
25</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Father and son and falling stars:</b> Most
of all he missed the times he and his father would sit out at night on the
cabin’s porch and stare up into the astonishing swirls of stars simmering in
the black vault of the Idaho night sky, saying nothing, just being together,
breathing in the cold air, waiting for a falling star to wish on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Keep on watching,” his father would
say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Keep your eyes peeled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You never know when one is going to
fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only time you don’t see them
is when you stop watching for them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
missed that something terrible. p. 37 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">9<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Finding things of value in unlikely
places:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One autumn day the
schoolteacher took Joe and the rest of his students on a natural-history field
trip into the woods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He led them to an
old, rotten stump on which a large white fungus was growing—a rounded,
convoluted mass of creamy folds and wrinkles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The teacher; plucked the fungus off the stump, held it aloft, and
proclaimed it a cauliflower mushroom, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sparassis
radicata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Not only was it edible,
the teacher exclaimed, but is was delicious when stewed slowly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The revelation that one could find free food
just sitting on a stump in the woods landed on Joe like a thunderbolt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That night he lay in his bunk in the schoolhouse,
staring into the dark rafters above, thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There seemed to be more that a schoolroom science lesson in the discovery
of the fungus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I you simply kept your
eyes open, it seemed, you just might find something valuable in the most
unlikely of places.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That trick was to
recognize a good thing when you saw it, no matter how odd or worthless it might
at first appear, no matter who else might just walk away and leave it behind . .
. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 37<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">10<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock on coaching, teaching, learning
(Ch 3):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every good rowing coach, in
his own way, imparts to his men the kind of self-discipline required to achieve
the ultimate from mind, heart, and body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Which is why most ex-oarsmen will tell you they learned more
fundamentally important lessons in the racing shell than in the classroom. p.
39 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Punishment equals beauty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Competitive rowing is an undertaking of
extraordinary beauty preceded by brutal punishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike most sports, which draw primarily on
particular muscle groups, rowing makes heavy and repeated use of virtually
every muscle in the body, despite the fact that a rower, as Al Ulbrickson liked
to put it. “scrimmages on his posterior annex.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And rowing makes these muscular demands not at odd intervals but in
rapid sequence, over a protracted period of time, repeatedly and without respite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one occasion, after watching the
Washington freshmen practice, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle
Post-Intelligencer’s </i>Royal Brougham marveled at the relentlessness of the
port: “Nobody ever took time out in a boat race,” he noted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There’s no place to stop and get a
satisfying drink of water or a lungful of cool, invigorating air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You just keep your eyes glued on the red,
perspiring neck of the fellow ahead of you and row until they tell you it’s all
over . . . Neighbor, it’s no game for a softy.” p. 39</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">12<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Muscles needed to row:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you row, the major muscles in your arms,
legs, a back—particularly the quadriceps, triceps, biceps, deltoids, latissimus
dorsi, abdominals, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles—do most of the grunt work,
propelling the boat forward against the unrelenting resistance of water and
wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, scores of
smaller muscles in the neck, wrists, hands and even feet continually fine-tune
your efforts, holding the body inconstant equipoise in order to maintain the
exquisite balance necessary to keep a twenty-four-inch-wide vessel—roughly the
width of a man’s waist—on and even keel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The result of all this muscular effort, on both the larger scale and the
smaller one, is that your body burns calories and consumes oxygen at a rate
that is unmatched in almost any other human endeavor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Physiologists in fact, have calculated that
rowing a two-thousand-meter race—the Olympic standard—takes the same
physiological toll as playing two basketball games bac-to-back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it exacts that toll in about six
minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 39-40 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Oxygen consumption and bodily stress:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A well-conditioned oarsman or oarswoman
competing at the highest levels must be able to take in and consume as much as
eight liters of oxygen per minute: an average male is capable of taking in
roughly four to five liters at most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pound for pound, Olympic oarsmen may take in and process as much oxygen
as a thoroughbred racehorse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
extraordinary rate of oxygen intake is of only so much value, it should be
noted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While 75-80 percent of the energy
a rower produces in a two-thousand-meter race is aerobic energy fueled by
oxygen, races always begin, and usually end, with hard sprints.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These sprints require levels of energy
production that far exceed the body’s capacity to produce aerobic energy,
regardless of oxygen intake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead the
body must immediately produce anaerobic energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This, in turn, produces large quantities of lactic acid, and that acid
rapidly builds up in the tissue of the muscles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The consequence is that the muscles often begin to scream in agony
almost from the outset of a race and continue screaming until the very
end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it’s not only the muscles that
scream. The skeletal system to which all those muscles are attached also
undergoes tremendous strains and stresses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Without<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proper training and conditioning—and
sometimes even with them—competitive rowers are apt to experience a wide
variety of ills in the knees, hips, shoulders, elbows, ribs, neck, and above
all the spine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These injuries and
complaints range from blisters to sever tendonitis, bursitis, slipped
vertebrae, rotator cuff dysfunction, and stress fractures, particularly
fractures of the ribs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 40 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coach Bolles warns of the difficult task
ahead:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those first weeks,
Bolles’s topic varied each day, depending on factors as unpredictable as the
Seattle weather or what particular infelicities of technique he had noticed in
the previous practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe soon noted
that two larger and intertwined themes inevitably came up in these talks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys heard time and again that the course
they had chosen to embark on was difficult almost beyond imagining, that both
their bodies and their moral characters would be tested in the months ahead,
that only a very few of them who possessed near superhuman physical endurance
and mental toughness would prove good enough to wear the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">W </i>on their chests, and that by Christmas break most of them would
have given up, perhaps to play something less physically and intellectually
demanding, like football.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Bolles
sometimes spoke of life-transforming experiences.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held out the prospect of becoming a part
of something larger than themselves, of finding in themselves something that
did not yet know they possessed, of growing from boyhood to manhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At times he dropped his voice a bit and
shifted his tone and cadence and talked of near mystical moments on the
water—moments of pride, elation, and deep affection for one’s fellow oarsmen,
moments they would remember, cherishes, and recount to their grandchildren when
they were old men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moments, even, that
would bring them nearer to God.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 41 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">15<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Pocock grows up:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Yeoman Pocock was all but born with an
oar in his hands. He came into the world at Kingston upon Thames on March 23,
1891, within sight of some of the finest rowing water in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was descended form a long line of boat
builders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His paternal grandfather had
made his living handcrafting rowboats for the professional watermen who plied
the Thames in London, providing water-taxi and ferry services as their
predecessors had done for centuries. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock’s maternal grandfather also worked in the boatbuilding trade,
designing and constructing a wide variety of small craft, among them the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lady Alice, </i>the custom-built sectional
boat that Sir Henry Stanley used to search for Dr. David Livingstone in Central
Africa in 1874.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His uncle Bill had built
the first keel-less shell, in his boatbuilding shop under London Bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father, Aaron, had taken up the trade as
well. Building racing shells for Eton College, where gentlemen’s sons had been
rowing competitively since the 1790’s. And it was in Eton’s ancient boathouse,
just across the river from the looming eminence of Windsor Castle, that George
had grown up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At age fifteen, he signed
papers formally apprenticing himself to his father, and for the next six years
he worked side by side with him, laboring with hand tools to maintain and add
to Eton’s prodigious fleet of racing shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But George didn’t just build boats; he also learned to row them, and to
row them very well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He carefully studied
the rowing style of the Tames watermen—a style characterized by short but
powerful strokes with a quick catch and a quick release—and adapted it to the
purpose of racing in a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The style
he developed soon proved to be in many ways superior to the traditional longer
stroke taught at Eton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Messing about on
the Thames after formal practice, the aristocratic Eton boys discovered that
George and his brother, Dick, although their social inferiors, could be counted
on to lev them in their wakes time and again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It wasn’t long before the Pocock boys found themselves giving informal
rowing lessons to the likes of the young Anthony Eden, to Prince Prajadipok
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Siam, and to Lord Grosvenor, son of
the Duke of Westminster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock,
in turn, learned something for the highborn Eton lads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was inclined by nature to do whatever he
attempted on the highest possible level—to master each and every tool he laid
hands on in his father’s shop, to learn how to row the most efficient stroke,
to build the most elegant and best-performing racing shell possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, feeling the sting of British class
distinctions, pondering the difference between how he and his father spoke and
how they were spoken to, he decided to put in the effort to learn to speak, not
with his natural cockney accent, but with the crisp “educated” accent of the
boys they served.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, to almost
everyone’s amazement, he did it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
crisp voice soon stood out in the boathouse, not as an affectation but as a
point of pride and a demonstration of his deep commitment to grace, precision,
and what would turn out to be a lifelong pursuit of the ideal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Impressed by George’s perseverance, and by
his ability on the water, Aaron Pocock entered him in a professional race, the
Sportsman Handicap at Putney on the Thames, when he was seventeen. He told his
son he could build his own boat for the contest from scrap lumber in the Eton
boathouse and gave him some advice that George never forgot: “No one will ask
you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how long</i> it took to build; they
will only ask <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">who</i> built it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So George took his time, carefully and
meticulously handcrafting a single sculling shell from Norwegian pine and
mahogany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Putney he slipped his boat
into the water, leaned deep into his oars, and over the course of three heats
defeated a field of fifty-eight oarsmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He came home with a small fortune: fifty pounds in prize money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 42-43</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Building beautiful boats in bad conditions:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1912 things started looking up for the
Pocock boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Vancouver Rowing Club,
hearing of their reputation in England, commissioned them to build two single
sculls for one hundred dollars apiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Pococks set up shop in an old, derelict shed floating on timbers
fifty yards offshore in Coal Harbor and then finally resumed what would be
their life’s work—crafting fine racing shells, They set to work tirelessly in
their shop downstairs, stopping only at night, to sleep in an unheated room
above the shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conditions were not
ideal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daylight showed through the roof,
and wind and rain shuddered through wide gaps between the wallboards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To bathe, they had to dive out their bedroom
window and into the cold salt chuck of the harbor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For drinking water, they had to row over to a
public fountain in Stanly Park.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
time to time, the shed slipped its anchor and drifted aimlessly among inbound
and outbound ocean liners while the Pococks slept.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At low tide the shed sat on the sloping mud
band, listing twenty-five degrees from bow to stern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the tide surged back in, the waterlogged
timbers on which the structure was built weighed it down and held it fast to
the mud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George later described the
daily routine: “The water would rise in the shop while we took refuge in the
room above and tried to estimate when the next act of the drama would occur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually, with a swish and a roar, the logs
would break the mud’s hold, and up would come the building, like a surfacing
submarine, with the water rushing out the door at each end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then we could start working again, until the
next change of tide.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The brothers
completed the work nonetheless, and as word of their craftsmanship spread across
Canada they began to get new commissions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By mid-192 the two of them—just twenty and twenty-one—were beginning to
feel that they had their feet under them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 44-45 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conibear Stroke:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When George began to watch the Washington
oarsmen on the water, he quickly spotted inefficiencies and deficiencies in the
mechanics of their stroke that no amount of fiddling with a skeleton could
fix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first he held his peace, not
inclined by nature to offer unsolicited advice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But when Conibear began to ask the Pocock’s for their opinion about his
boys’ rowing, George gradually spoke up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He began to teach Conibear elements of the stroke that he had learned
from Thames watermen in his boyhood and taught to the boys at Eton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conibear listened eagerly, learned quickly,
and what came to be called the “Conibear stroke” soon evolved from those
discussions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It featured a shorter
layback, a quicker catch, and a shorter but more powerful pull in the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It left the oarsmen sitting more upright at
the end of the stroke, ready to slide forward and begin the next stroke more
quickly and with less fuss and bother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It differed conspicuously from the rowing stroke long used by the
eastern schools (and Eton), with its exaggerated layback and long recovery, and
it began almost immediately to result in Washington’s first significant
victories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before long, even the eastern
schools were taking note of the Conibear stroke, trying to figure out how
something so unorthodox could be so successful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 47 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Driving out the weak:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the freshmen of 1933 flailed at their
oars in the first few days, Tom Bolles and Al Ulbrickson strode up and down <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old Nero’s </i>walkway in gray flannel suits
and fedoras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson mostly just
watched the boys, quietly, still sizing them up, Bolles, however, barked at
them continuously—to grip the oar this way and not that, to square their blades
to the water, to straighten their backs, to bend their knees, to straighten
their knees, to pull harder one moment, to ease up another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was bewildering and backbreaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old
Nero</i> was designed, in part, to drive boys who, by temperament, weren’t cut
out for crew—“mollycoddles,” Ulbrickson called them—to an early realization of
the fact, before they could break expensive oars and racing shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys strained and heaved and gasped for breath,
but for all their efforts they moved <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old
Nero</i> only slowly and erratically out of the Cut and onto the ruffled
expanse of Lake Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they
tried to absorb their lessons and experience, and to synchronize their efforts,
they lived in constant fear of making any of the many egregious errors Bolles
kept pointing out to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Catching a crab:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One error in particular required no
scolding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They soon learned that if the
blades of the oars entered the water too deeply, at the wrong angle, or out of
time with the others, or if they remained in the water a fraction of a second
too long at the end of a stroke, they were apt to “catch a crab”: The oar would
suddenly and irretrievably become stuck in the water, immobilized as surely as
if some sort of gargantuan crustacean had reached up from the depths and seized
the blade, holding it fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Old Nero</i> would keep going but the oar
would not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boy holding the oar would
either be smacked hard in the chest and knocked out of his seat or, if he held
on to the oar too long, be catapulted unceremoniously into the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ever stroke he took thus offered each boy the
possibility of a wet, cold, and spectacularly public form of humiliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What had to be learned to stroke; like
playing golf: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of the freshmen
in fact, found it easy to master it. To achieve even a reasonable smooth and
powerful stroke, they had to learn to execute a series of precisely timed and
carefully coordinated moves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facing the
stern of the boat, each boy began with his chest bent over his knees, his arms
stretched out in front of him, and both hands gripping the handle of his one
long oar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the beginning of the
stroke, the “catch,” he dropped the blade of his oar into the water and leaned
his torso back hard, toward the bow, keeping his back ramrod straight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As his shoulders came vertical over the
center of his body, he began the “leg drive” by propelling his legs forward,
his seat sliding toward the bow on greased runners beneath him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simultaneously, he pulled the oar toward his
chest against the resistance of the water, throwing all the strength of his
combined arm, back, and leg muscles into the stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the oar came to his chest, and with his
back inclined about fifteen degrees toward the bow, he reached the full extent
of his “layback.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he began his
“release.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He dropped his hands toward
his waist and pulled the blade quickly and decisively form the water while at
the same time rolling the wrist of the hand nearest the water in order to
“feather the blade parallel to the surface of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next, to begin the “recovery,” he rotated his
shoulders forward and pushed his arms sternward against the oar while pulling
his knees up toward his chest, thus propelling his body forward on the sliders
back into the crouched position in which he had begun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, as the boat moved forward beneath
him, he again rotated the oar to bring the blade perpendicular to the surface
of the next catch, dropped it cleanly back into the water at precisely the same
moment as the other boys, and immediately repeated the entire procedure over
and over again at whatever rate the coxswain was calling for through the small
megaphone strapped on his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Done
correctly this process levered the boat forward in the water smoothly and
powerfully, but it had to be done in one continuous and unbroken cycle of
uncoiling and coiling the body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had
to be done rapidly, and it had to be done in precisely the same manner—at the
same rate and with the same amount of applied power—as everyone else in the
boat was doing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was maddeningly
difficult, as if eight men standing on a floating log that threatened to roll
over whenever they moved had to hit eight golf balls at exactly the same
moment, with exactly the same amount of force, directing the ball to exactly
the same point on the green, and doing so over and over, every two or three
seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 50-51<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe knew how to hurt:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Joe made his way down to the shell house
every afternoon, he saw more and more familiar boys—boys who had abandoned
their boats—lounging on the grass in front of Suzzallo Library,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>casting him quick glances as he passed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hurting was taking its toll, and that was
just fine with Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hurting was nothing
new to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 51</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">22<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Georg Pocock on overcoming resistance
makes you stronger. (Ch. 4):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
hard to make the boat go as fast as you want to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The enemy, of course, is resistance of the
water, as you have to displace the amount of water equal to the weight of men
and equipment, but that very water is what supports you and that very enemy is
your friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So is life: the very
problems you must overcome also support you and make you stronger in overcoming
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 53</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bears and cougars:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The woods just beyond the property were full
of bears and cougars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That troubled
Thula and made her understandably nervous about her flock of small children,
but Joe thrilled at night when he heard the bears splashing as they fished in
the pond or the cougars screeching as they men their mates in the dark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 55 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Depression:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A month later came a much more serious
calamity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rural economy of the
United States had already been in desperate straits for some time by that
fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Huge surpluses of wheat, corn,
milk, pork, and beef produced in the Midwest had caused the price of farm
commodities to crash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wheat brought in
only a tenth of what it had nine or ten years before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Iowa a bushel of corn fetched less than
the price of a packet of gum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the
price collapse began to spread to the Far West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Things in Sequim were not yet as hard as on the Great Plains, but they
were hard enough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Rantz farm, like
countless others across the country, had so far barely managed to remain
profitable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when they picked up the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sequim Press</i> on October 30 and read what
had happened in New York over the last several days, Harry and Thula Rantz knew
the cold certainty that the world had utterly changed, that they would not long
be sheltered from the storm on Wall Street, not even in Sequim, out in the far
northwestern corner of the whole country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 57</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He did get up:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe lay in bed for a long time, listening,
remembering the days he had spent lying in bed in his aunt’s attic in
Pennsylvania listening to the mournful sound of trains in the distance, with
fear and aloneness weighing on him, pressing down on his chest, pushing him
into the mattress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The feeling was
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did not want to get up, did not
really care if he ever got up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally,
though, he did get up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He made a fire in
the woodstove, put water on to boil, fried some bacon, and made some coffee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very slowly, as he ate the bacon and the
coffee cleared his mind, the spinning in his head began to diminish and he
found himself creeping up on a new realization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He opened his eyes and seized it, took it in, comprehended it all at
once, and found that it came accompanied by a fierce determination, a sense of
rising resolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was sick and tired
of finding himself in this positon—scared and hurt and abandoned and endlessly
asking himself why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever else came
his way, he wasn’t going to let anything like this happen again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From now on, he would make his own way, find
his own route to happiness, as his father had said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d prove to his father and to himself that
he could do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wouldn’t become a
hermit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked other people too much
for that, and friends could help push away the loneliness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would never again let himself depend on
them, though, nor on his family, nor on anyone else, for his sense of who he
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would survive, and he would do
it on his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 59 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">26<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. The Depression:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crash had started on Wall Street, but it
quickly brought down communities from coast to coast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Downtown Sequim was desolate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The State Bank of Sequim was still afloat but
would fail within months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More and more
storefronts were boarded up every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As Joe sang, dogs sat on their haunches on the wooden sidewalks watching
him idly, scratching their fleas in the rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Black cars bounced down the unpaved street, splashing through muddy
potholes, sending up jets of brown water, but the drivers paid Joe little
heed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About the only audience he could
count on was a bearded character everyone called the Mad Russian, who had been
wandering Sequim’s streets barefoot and muttering to himself for a long as
anyone could remember.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 60 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe grows strong – good grades:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all of his Joe grew continually stronger
and ever more self-reliant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through it
all he stayed in school and earned good grades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the end of the day, though, he remained stoically alone, returning
each night to the empty, half-finished house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 62</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charlie McDonald, cottonwood trees and a
two horse team, synergy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
months that followed, Joe hunted for new opportunities in Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just down Silberhorn Road, he found part-time
work helping his older neighbor, Charlie McDonald.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>McDonald made his living logging—harvesting
enormous cottonwood trees that grew in the gravelly bottomlands along the
Dungeness River.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The work was
backbreaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cottonwoods were so
immense—their diameters so great—that it sometimes took an hour or more for Joe
and Charlie to fell just one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pulling an
eighty-four-inch two-man saw back and forth through the soft white
heartwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the spring, when the sap
was running, it jetted up out of the stumps three or four feet into the air
after the trees finally toppled over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then Joe and Charlie lopped off all the branches with axes, pried the
bark from the logs with long iron bars, and harnessed them to Charlie’s draft
horses, Fritz and Dick, so they could be dragged out of the woods and sent off
to the pulp mill in Port Angeles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charlie had been gasses in the Great War, his vocal cords all but
destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At best he could manage
croaks and whispers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they worked
together, Joe marveled at how Charlie could command the ponderous draft horses
to do his bidding with a barely audible “gee” or “haw” or, as often as not,
simply a whistle and nod of his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Charlie would give a signal, and in unison Fritz and Dick would squat
down on their haunches while he chained them up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d give another signal, and the two would
rise and pull as if they were one horse, their movements crisply
synchronized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And they pulled with all
their hearts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When horses pulled like
that, Charlie told Joe, they could pull far more than twice what each could
pull alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’d pull, he said, till
the log moved, the harness broke, or their hearts gave out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 62-63</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gymnastics – his link to Ulbrickson:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One spring day in 1932, as Joe was practicing
“giants” on the high bar in the gym, he noticed a tall man in a dark gray suit
and a fedora, standing in the doorway and watching him intently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The man disappeared, but a few minutes later
Fred walked into the gym and called Joe over to the door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“A fellow just came into my classroom and
asked who you were,” Fred said. “Said he was from the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gave me this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Said you should look him up when you get to
the U.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That he might be able to use a
fellow like you.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fred handed Joe a
card, and Joe glanced down at it: Alvin M Ulbrickson . . . p. 67 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Remembering the smell:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She [Joyce] rushed through the woods looking
for Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When she found him, he always
hugged her tight, smelling, as she would remember seventy years later on her
deathbed, of wet wood and sweat and the sweet wildness of the outdoors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 68</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on endurance- no time outs
(Ch.5):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing is perhaps the
toughest of sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the race
starts, there are no time-outs, no substitutions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It calls upon the limits of human
endurance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The coach must therefore
impart the secrets of the special kind of endurance that come from mind, heart,
and body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing in the rain:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rain pelted their bare heads and
shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their oars slapped against
wind-tossed waves, sending up plumes of icy spray that blew back into their
faces and stung their eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their hands
grew so numb that they could never be sure they had a proper hold on their
oars. They could not feel their ears or noses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The icy water of the lake beneath them seemed to suck warmth and energy
out of them more quickly than they could produce it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their aching muscles cramped up the moment
they stopped moving them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And they
dropped like flies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dust Bowl:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A pall of another, quite literal, sort
continued to hang over the larger world as well that month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On November 11 farmers in the Dakotas awoke
after a windy night to find something they had never seen before—daytime skies
turned black by topsoil scoured from their fields and carried aloft by the
wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next day the skies over
Chicago grew dark and the dust cloud traveled eastward, and a few days later
people in upstate New York looked up, astonished into skies the color of
rust.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody knew it yet, but the dust
that month, that first “black blizzard,” was merely a harbinger of what would
come to be call the Dust Bowl, the second great act in the long tragedy of the
1930s and early 1940s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The winds of
November 1933 would soon be followed by others, even stronger, that would blow
away much of the topsoil of the American plains and send hundreds of thousands
of refugees streaming westward across the continent in search of jobs that did
not exist—adrift, rootless, homeless, dispossessed in their own land, their
confidence as well and their livelihoods carried away on the wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 76 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In the 1<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup> boat – tears of joy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even now that they had stopped rowing, their
breathing was synchronize, and for a brief, fragile moment it seemed to Joe as
if all of them were part of a single thing . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe gulped huge drafts of the frigid air and
sat staring at the scene, watching it turn into a soft blur of colors as, for
the first time since his family had left him, tears filled his eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He turned his face to the water, fiddling
with his oar lock so the others would not see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He didn’t know where the tears had come from, what they were all about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But something inside him had shifted, if only
for a few moments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 78-79</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rains of 33:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the second day of December 1933, it began
to rain in Seattle as it had never rained before and has never rained
since.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next thirty days, there
was only one day when the skies were not leaden with clouds, only four when it
did not rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of the month,
fourteen and a quarter inches of rain had fallen at the University of
Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fifteen and a third inches
had fallen downtown, still the all-time record for any month of the year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some days it drizzled; some days it
poured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Either way, it just kept
coming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rivers all across western
Washington—the Chehalis, the Snoqualmie, the Duwamish, the Skokomish, the
Stillaguamish, the Snohomish—overflowed their banks, sweeping away farmhouses,
washing millions of tons of topsoil into Puget Sound, flooding the commercial
districts of riverside communities form the Canadian border all the way south
to the Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>North of Seattle the
swollen Skagit River sliced through earthen dikes near its mouth and sent tidal
salt water spilling across twenty thousand acres of the richest farmland in the
state.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In many of Seattle’s nicest
hillside neighborhoods—places like Alki and Madrona and Magnolia—homes slid
from eroding bluffs and tumbled into Lake Washington or Puget Sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roadways cracked and followed the homes
downhill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Downtown, storm water
overwhelmed the sewers, bubbled up through manholes, and flooded the streets
and businesses of the low-lying International District.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the miserable shantytown spread out along
the shore of Elliott Bay, unrelenting rain dissolved newspaper that had been
wadded into chinks in flimsy walls, soaked its way through the weather-beaten
fabric of old tents, and dripped through rusty corrugated steel roofs, soaking
old mattresses lying on muddy floors and chilling to the bone those who tried
to sleep on them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 79</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on his goal to be a
first-class artisan (Ch. 6):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
ambition has always been to be the greatest shell builder in the world; and
without false modesty, I believe I have attained that goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I were to sell the Boeing stock, I fear I
would lose my incentive and become a wealthy man, but a second-rate
artisan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I prefer to remain a first-class
artisan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 83</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The hard fight, rowing against rain and
cold and each other:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It rained, and
they rowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They rowed through cutting
wind, bitter sleet, and occasional snow, well into the dark of the night every
evening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They rowed with cold rainwater
running down their backs, pooling in the bottom of the boat, and sloshing back
and forth under their sliding seats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
local sportswriter who watched them work out that month observed that “it
rained and rained and rained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it
rained and rained and rained.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another
commented that they “could have turned their shells upside down and rowed
without making much difference in their progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was nearly as wet above the surface of the
lake as it was below.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through it all,
Bolles followed them doggedly back and forth across Lake Washington and down
the Montlake Cut into Lake Union, where they rowed past the wet, black hulls
and dripping bowsprits of old lumber schooners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Riding through the slop and the chop in the open cockpit of his
brass-trimmed, mahogany-planked motor launch, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alumnus</i>, wearing a bright yellow rain slicker, he bellowed commands
at them through his megaphone until his voice grew hoarse and his throat
sore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once again boys who had endured
the bitter cold workouts in October and November now placed their oars in rack
at the end of the day, climbed wearily back up the hill, and refused to come
back for more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four boat loads soon
became three, and by the end of the month Bolles sometimes had a hard time
filling the third boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the boys in
Joe’s boat stuck it out, but the easy camaraderie that had briefly felt the
first time they went out together on Lake Union in November quickly
evaporated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anxiety, self-doubt, and
bickering replace that night’s buoyant optimism as Bolles scrutinized each of
them anew, trying to figure out who to keep in the boat and who to demote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 84 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On coaches (Ulbrickson and Ebright): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As difficult as he could sometimes be, though,
Ky Ebright, like Al Ulbrickson, was a remarkable coach—destined, like
Ulbrickson, for rowing’s hall of fame—and he cared deeply for the young men in
his charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The night California won
Olympic gold in Amsterdam in 1928, an emotional Ebright came to Blessng [a
coxswain he had scolded], put his arm around the younger man, and said with a
cracking voice, “You know, Don, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cussed
you a lot of times and made you mad a lot of times, but you’ve been the
greatest coxswain, the grates student, I’ve ever had, and I want yo to know how
much I appreciate that.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It made me
cry,” Blessing later said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I mean, he
was God to me.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a feeling shared
by most of the boys Ebright coached, among them Robert McNamara, later the U.
S., secretary of defense, and the movie star Gregory Peck, who in 1997 donated
twenty-five thousand dollars to the Cal crew in Ebright’s memory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 86 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing the boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By and large, every rower in an eight-oared
shell does the same thing—pull an oar through the water as smoothly as
possible, as hard and as frequently as requested by the coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there are subtle differences in what is
expected of individual rowers depending on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>which seat they occupy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because
the rest of the boat necessarily goes where the bow goes, any deflection or
irregularity in the stroke of the oarsman in the bow seat has the greatest
potential to disrupt the course, speed, and stability of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So while the bow oarsman must be strong, like
all the others, it’s most important that he or she be technically proficient:
capable of pulling a perfect oar, stroke after stroke, without<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The same is true to a lesser extent of the rowers in the number two and
three seats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The four, five, and six
seats are often called “the engine room” of the crew, and the rowers who occupy
these seats are typically the biggest and strongest in the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While technique is still important in those
seats, the speed of the boat ultimately depends on the raw power of these
rowers and how efficiently they can transmit it through their oars and into the
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rower in the number seven
seat is something of a hybrid,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He or she
must be nearly as strong as the rowers in the engine room but must also be
particularly alert, constantly aware of and in tune with what is happening in
the rest of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He or she must
precisely match both the timing and the degree of power set by the rower in the
number eight seat, the “stroke oar,” and must transmit that information
efficiently back into the boat’s engine room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The stroke sits directly in front of and face to face with the coxswain,
who faces the bow and steers the shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Theoretically the stroke oar always rows at the rate and with the degree
of power called for by the coxswain, but in the end it is the stroke who
ultimately controls these things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone else in the boat rows at the rate and power at which the stroke
rows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When working well, the entire boat
operates like a well-lubricated machine, with every rower serving as a vital
link in a chain that powers that machine forward, somewhat like a bicycle
chain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 90-91 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strategy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bolles looked down at his stopwatch, saw the
freshmen’s two-mile time, and looked again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had known they were getting sharp, but now he knew in no uncertain
terms that he had the makings of something exceptional in his boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What he didn’t know was whether California
had something even more exceptional, as Ky Ebright seemed to be hinting in the
press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That would be revealed a week
hence, on April 13.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime, he
resolved to keep the time on his stopwatch to himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 93 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Two key factors – strength and speed:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are certain laws of physics by which
all crew coaches live and die. The speed of the racing shell is determined
primarily by two factors: the power produced by the combined strokes of the
oars, and the stroke rate, the number of strokes the crew takes each
minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So if two boats carrying the
same weight have the exact same stroke rate, the one producing more power per
stroke will pull ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If those two
boats have the exact same power per stroke but one has a higher stroke rate,
the one with the higher rate will pull ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A boat with both a very high stroke rate and very powerful strokes will
beat a boat that can’t match it on both counts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But, of course, oarsmen are human and no crew can maintain both powerful
strokes and a very high rate indefinitely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And, critically, the higher the stroke rate, the harder it is to keep
all the many individual movements of the crew synchronized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So every race is a balancing act, a series of
delicate and deliberate adjustments of power on one hand and stroke rate on the
other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may be that nobody ever
achieves absolutely optimal performance, but what Bolles had seen that day—his
crew rowing so comfortably at a high but sustainable rate and with such great
power—gave him every reason to think that someday these freshmen just might
pull it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 93-94 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The boys: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it wasn’t just their physical
prowess.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked the character of these
particular freshmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys who had
made it this far were rugged and optimistic in a way that seemed emblematic of
their western roots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were the
genuine article, mostly the products of lumber towns, dairy farms, mining
camps, fishing boats, and shipyards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They looked, they walked, and they talked as if they had spent most of
their lives out of doors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
hard times and their pinched circumstances, they smiled easily and openly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They extended calloused hands eagerly to
strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They looked you in the eye,
not as a challenge, but as an invitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They joshed you at the drop of a hat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They looked at impediments and saw opportunities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that, Bolles knew, added up to a lot of
potential in a crew, particularly if that crew got a chance to row in the
East.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Misdirection a strategic manipulation:</b>
Tom Bolles and Al Ulbrickson had read that account, and now they watched
California’s workout from shore with apparent concern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had taken their own boys out the same
day, with the press and Ebright looking on, only to have the freshmen turn back
after a mile, their rowing conspicuously lethargic and their shell half full of
water from the heavy chop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bolles had
returned gloomily to the dock and gone atypically out of his way to approach
the sportswriters assembled at the shell house, giving them a terse but bleak
forecast for the freshmen: “It looks as if we’ll be rowing from behind.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Misdirection was part of the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was easy enough to rig a shell so that
oars sat a little too close to the water and easy enough to pull a leisurely
oar but make it look hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Bolles’s
quote appeared the newspaper the next day, Joe cut it out, pasted it in his
scrapbook, and wrote next to it, “Coach said Cal had their neck out a
foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is giving out pessimistic
reports so they will stick them out farther.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Makes them easier to cut off.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
95 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The race – Washington’s freshmen’s victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>California exploded off the line, lashing the
water at a furious thirty-eight strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The silver prow of the shell immediately
surged a quarter length ahead of Washington’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Having seized the lead, Cal dropped its rate down a bit, to a more
sustainable thirty-two, and Grover Clark began blowing his whistle in time with
the stroke count.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington settled in
at thirty but held its position at a quarter length back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two boats churned up the lake for almost
a quarter of a mile, locked together in that configuration—Washington’s white
blades glinting in the sunlight, Cal’s flashing shards of blue,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sitting in the number three seat, Joe Rantz
was parallel with roughly the six or seven seat in the California boat; in the
seven seat, Roger Moris was parallel with nothing but open water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the boys had their minds fully in the
boat now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Facing the stern, the only
thing any of them could see was the heaving back of the man in front of
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None had any idea how far ahead
Cal’s initial surge might have carried them. George Morry, facing forward knew
exactly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could see Grover Clark’s
backside in front of him, but he continued to hold Washington steady at thirty
strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they passed the <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>quarter-mile mark, the two boats slowly came
even.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington began to overtake
California, methodically, seat by seat, the boys still rowing at a remarkably
low thirty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the one-mile mark
Washington had open water on Cal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the
California boat fell into the field of view of the Washington boys, their confidence
surged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pain that had been building
in their arms and legs and chests did not abate, but it fled to the back of
their minds, chased there by a sense, almost, of invulnerability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Cal boat, Grover Clark pulled the
whistle from his mouth and screamed out, “Gimme ten big ones!” – the standard
call in rowing for ten mammoth strokes, strokes as hard and powerful as each
oarsman can muster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The California oars
bent like bows with the strain, and for those ten strokes the boys form Cal
held their position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Washington remained
out in front their lead—almost two lengths now—essentially undiminished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the mile-and-a-half mark, Clark called for
another big ten, but by now Cal’s boys had given everything they had to give,
and Washington’s boys hadn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they
entered the last half mile and came into the lee of the hills at the north end
of the lake, the headwind died down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cheers began to rise from the semicircle of boats ahead, form the
beaches, form the observation train working its way along the shore,
and—loudest of all—from the ferryboat chock-full of students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The California boat labored to catch up,
Grover Clark’s whistle now shrieking like an out-of-control steam locomotive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approaching the line and already ahead by
four lengths, George Morry finally called for a higher stroke rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington boys stepped it up to
thirty-two and then all the way to thirty-six, just because they knew they
could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington sliced across the
finish line four and a half lengths ahead of California, and almost twenty
seconds ahead of the freshman course record, despite the headwind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shrill horns and cheers resounded all along
the shores of Lake Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Washington freshmen paddled over to the California boat and collected the
traditional trophy of victorious crews everywhere—the shirts off the backs of
their vanquished rivals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shook hands
with the crestfallen and shirtless Cal boys and then, exultant, paddled off the
course to stow their shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tom Bolles
cheerily loaded them on to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alumnus</i>,
then transported them to the student ferry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 98-99</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Georg Pocock on rowing with the head (Ch.
7):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing a race is an art, not a
frantic scramble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It must be rowed with
head power as well as hand power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
the first stroke all thoughts of the other crew must be blocked out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your thoughts must be directed to you and
your own boat, always positive, never negative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 105 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to defeat and adversary – the secret:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To defeat an adversary who was your equal,
maybe even you superior, it wasn’t necessarily enough just to give your all
from start to finish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You had to master
your opponent mentally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the
critical moment in a close race was upon you, you had to know something he did
not—that down in your core you still had something in reserve, something you
had not yet shown, something that once revealed would make him doubt himself,
make him falter just when it counted the most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like so much in life, crew was partly about confidence, partly about
knowing your own heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 106 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">East – v – West:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1934 regatta was once again shaping up to
be a clash of eastern privilege and prestige on the one hand and western
sincerity and brawn on the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
financial terms, it was pretty starkly going to be a clash of old money versus
no money at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 114 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">VICTORY:</b> At the crack of the starting
pistol, Syracuse immediately jumped in front, rowing at thirty-four, followed
closely by Washington, rowing at thirty-one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone else—Columbia, Rutgers, Pennsylvania, and Cornell—began to fall
behind almost immediately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At a quarter
of a mile down the river, it looked as if the Orange of Syracuse would, as
predicted, settle into the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But by
the half-mile mark, Washington had crept up and nosed ahead of them without
raising its stroke rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the leaders
swept under the railroad bridge at a mile, officials on the bridge set off a
salvo of three bombs, signifying that the boat in lane three, Washington, was
ahead with another mile still to go.. Slowly the bow of the Syracuse boat came
into Joe’s field of view, just beginning to fall away behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ignored it, focused instead on the oar in
his hands, pulling hard and pulling smoothly, rowing comfortably, almost
without pain,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the mile-and-a-half
mark, some in the middle of the Syracuse boat caught a crab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Orange faltered for a moment, then
immediately recovered their rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it
no longer mattered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington was two
and a half lengths ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cornell, in
third, had all but disappeared, eight lengths farther back, George Morry
whipped his head around, took a quick look, and stated at the length of their
lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, as he had against
California in April on Lake Washington, he called up the rate in the last few
hundred feet, just for the show of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Another salvo of three bombs exploded as Tom Bolles’s boys passed the
finish line an astonishing five lengths ahead of Syracuse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 116 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Global warming:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That summer was exceptionally hot across much
of the United States, though the summer of 1936 would cruelly eclipse even this
one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Dakotas, Minnesota, and
Iowa, summertime temperatures began early.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By May 9, it was 109 in Spencer, Iowa, and 108 in Pipestone,
Minnesota.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as the heat rose, the
rain stopped falling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sioux Falls, South
Dakota, had only a tenth of an inch of rain that month, right in the middle of
the corn-growing season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the upper
plains, the heat and aridity radiated across the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By June more than half the United States was
in the grip of severe heat and extreme drought conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Saint Louis temperatures would rise above
100 for eight straight days that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At Midway Airport in Chicago, it would top 100 for six straight days and
hit an all-time high of 109 on July 23.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In Topeka, Kansas, the mercury would pass the 100 mark forty-seven times
that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>July would be the hottest
month ever recorded in Ohio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Far West
it was even worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Orofino, Idaho,
it would hit 118 on July 28.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ten
states with the highest average temperatures in the country that summer were
all in the West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the worst of the
heat wasn’t in the Southwest, were people expected it and crops and lifestyles
were adapted to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead the heat
scorched enormous swaths of the Intermountain West and even portions of the
normally green Northwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing could
grow under such conditions, and without corn, wheat, and hay livestock could not
survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alarmed, the secretary of
agriculture, Henry Wallace, dispatched an expedition to the Gobi Desert to see
if there were any species of grass there that might be able to survive in the
deserts that the American West and Midwest were quickly becoming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the heat and the drought were in some
ways the least of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On May 9 a
colossal dust storm had swung out of eastern Montana, rolled across the Dakotas
and Minnesota, dumped 12 million tons of dirt on Chicago, and then moved onto
tower over Boston and New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they
had in November 1933, people stood in Central Park and looked skyward, aghast
at the blackened sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somewhere in the
neighborhood of 250 million tons of American topsoil had become airborne in
that single storm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New Your Times</i> proclaimed it “the
greatest dust storm in United States history.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But in fact the greater storms, and the greater suffering, were still
months ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 119-120</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hard times:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet for millions of Americans—for most
Americans—the hard times still seemed as hard as ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The opposition pounded the new president,
zeroing in on his methods rather than his results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a national radio address on July 2, Henry
Fletcher, chairman of the Republican Party, blasted the president’s New Deal,
calling in “an undemocratic departure from all that is distinctively
American.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He went on , gloomily and
ominously predicting dire consequences from what seemed a radical experiment in
socialist-style big-government spending: “The average American is thinking, ‘I
am perhaps better off than last year but I ask myself, will I be better off
when the tax bill comes in, and how about my children an my children’s
children?’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.122 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roosevelt’s speech at the Grand Coulee Dam:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Roosevelt began to speak, leaning
forward on his podium, clutching it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
measured tones, but with rising emotion, he began laying out a vision of the
benefits that the new Grand Coulee Dam would bring to this arid land in
exchange for the 175 million public dollars it would cost: 1.2 million acres of
desert land reclaimed for farming, abundant irrigation water for millions more
acres of existing farmland, vast amounts of cheap electrical power that could
be exported all across the West, and thousands of new jobs building the
hydroelectric and irrigation infrastructure that the dam would
necessitate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he spoke, the crowd
interrupted him again and again with waves of applause and choruses of hearty
cheers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speaking of the water of the
Columbia running unchecked to the sea, its energy unharnessed he underscored
the commonality of the great task at hand: “It is not a problem of the State of
Washington; it is not a problem of the State of Idaho; it is a problem that
touches all the states in the union.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
paused, removed a handkerchief from his pocket, and dabbed it against his
glistening brow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“We are going to see, I
believe, with our own eyes, electricity and power made so cheap that they will
become a standard article of use . . . for every home within the reach of an
electrical transmission line.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he
moved toward his conclusion, addressing the men and women standing befor him
directly:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have great opportunities
and you are doing nobly in grasping them. . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So I leave here today with the feeling that this work is well
undertaken; that we are going ahead with a useful project; and that we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are</i> going to see it through for the
benefit of our country?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he
finished, the crowd again roared their approval.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 122-123 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony between shell and crew
(Ch. 8):</b> A good shell has to have life and resilience to get in harmony
with the swing of the crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 125</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Making shingles and the connection to
making a shell and making a crew and art – the value that can come from what
others have left behind:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After his
cross-country trip, Joe spent the rest of the summer of 1934 in the still
half-finished house on Silberhorn Road in Sequim, desperately trying to conjure
up enough money to get himself through another school year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He cut more hay, dug more ditches, dynamited
more stumps, and spread more hot, black asphalt on Highway 101.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mostly, though, he worked in the woods with
Charlie McDonald.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie had decided he
needed a new roof on his farmhouse. One afternoon he harnessed his draft horses
to a buckboard and took Joe upriver, hunting for cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper reaches of his property had been
logged for the first time just a dozen years before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The loggers had hand their pick of the virgin
timber still growing along that section of the Dungeness—towering Douglas firs
and massive western red cedars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of
the cedars had been more than two thousand years old, and their stumps—seven or
eight feet in diameter and just as tall—rose like ancient monuments from the
dense tangle of salal, huckleberry, young cottonwoods, and purple plums of
fireweed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the face of the
extraordinary bounty of the massive cedars, and valuing them primarily for
making roofing shakes and shingles, the men who had cut them down had taken
only the prime middle section of each, leaving behind long sections for the
tops, where the branches were, and the bottoms, where the trunks began to flare
out and the grain of the wood no longer ran perfectly straight and true.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much of what they had left could still be
used but only if one knew how to read the wood, to decipher its inner
structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie led Joe among the
stumps and downed trees, teaching him how to understand what lay beneath the
bark of the fallen logs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rolled them over
with a peavey and pounded them with the flat face of a splitting maul, testing
for the ringing tone that indicated soundness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He ran his hands over them, feeling for hidden knots and
irregularities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He crouched down at the
cut ends and peered at the annual growth rings trying to get the nuanced read
on how tight and regular the grain within was likely to be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe was fascinated, intrigued by the idea
that he could learn to see what others not see in the wood, thrilled as always
at the notion that something valuable could be found in what others had passed
over and left behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Charlie found
a log he liked, and explained to Joe why he liked it, the two of them used a
crosscut saw to buck the wood into twenty-four inch bolts—sections the length
of a roofing shake—and toted them back to the buckboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later Charlie taught Joe how to decipher the
subtle clues of shape, texture, and color that would enable him to cleave the
wood into well-formed shakes, to see hidden points of weakness or
resilience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He taught the younger man
how to split a log neatly into quarters with a maul and iron wedges; how to use
a heavy wooden mallet to pound a froe—the shake maker’s principal tool: a long,
straight blade with an equally long perpendicular handle—into the wood across
rather than with the grain; how to work the froe evenly down the length of the
wood; how to listen to the wood as it began to “talk” back to him, the fires
crackling and snapping softly as they pulled away from one another, telling him
that they were prepared to split along the plane he intended; how to twist the
froe in the wood decisively at just the right moment to make the shake pop
free, clean and elegant, smooth faced and gently tapered from one end to the
other, ready to put on a roof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a
few days, Joe had mastered the froe and the mallet and could size up a log and
split shakes from it nearly as quickly and decisively as Charlie could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A year of rowing had given him prodigious
strength in his arms and shoulders, and he worked his way through the pile of
cedar bolts like a machine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A small
mountain of shakes soon surrounded him in the McDonalds’ barnyard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proud of his new skill, he found that shaping
cedar resonated with him in an elusive but elemental way—it satisfied him down
in his core, and gave him peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Partly
it was the old pleasure that heh always derived from mastering new tools and
solving practical problems—working out the angles and plane at which the cedar
would or wouldn’t cleave cleanly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
partly it was the deeply sensuous nature of the work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked the way that the wood murmured to
him before it parted, almost as if it was alive, and when it finally gave way
under his hands he liked the way it invariable revealed itself in lovely and
unpredictable patterns of color—streaks of orange and burgundy and cream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same moment, as the wood opened up, it
always perfumed the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spicy-sweet
aroma that rose form freshly split cedar was the same scent that often filled
the shell house in Seattle when Pocock was at work up in his loft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There seemed to Joe to some kind of
connection between what he was doing here among the pile of freshly split
shakes, what Pocock was doing in his shop, and what he was trying to do himself
in the racing shells Pocock built—something about the deliberate application of
strength, and careful coordination of mind and muscle, the sudden unfolding of
mystery and beauty. pp. 125-127</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Training rules:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You will eat no fried meats,” he began
abruptly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You will eat no pastries, but
you will eat plenty of vegetables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
will eat good, substantial, wholesome food—the kind of food you mother
makes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will go to bed at ten o’clock
and arise punctually at seven o’clock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You will not smoke or drink or chew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And you will follow this regiment all year round, for a long as you row
for me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A man cannot abuse his body for
six months and then expect to row the other six months.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He must be a total abstainer all year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will not use profane language in the
shell, house, nor anywhere within my hearing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You will keep at your studies and maintain a high grade point average.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will not disappoint your parents, nor you
crewmates. Now let’s row.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 130</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock well read:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Pocock was learned far beyond his formal
education, as was immediately obvious to everyone who met him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was well read in a wide variety of
subjects—religion, literature, history, and philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could quote Browning or Tennyson or
Shakespeare at the drop of a hat, and the quote was always apt and telling,
never pretentious or affected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The net
effect was that for all his quiet humility the man’s wide-ranging knowledge and
quiet eloquence commanded absolute respect, and never more than when he was at
work in his shop, plying his craft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
one interrupted Pocock at work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 135</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">George Pocock at work – maker and artist:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, George Pocock was already building
the best, and doing so by a wide margin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He didn’t just build racing shells, he sculpted them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looked at one way, a racing shell is a
machine with a narrowly defined purpose:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to enable a number of large men or women, and one small one, to propel
themselves over an expanse of water as quickly and efficiently as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looked at another way, it is a
work of art, an expression of the human spirit, with its unbounded hunger for
the ideal, for beauty, for purity, for grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A large part of Pocock’s genius as a boat builder was that he managed to
excel both as a maker of machines and as an artist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Growing up and learning his trade from his
father at Eton, he had used simple hand tools—saws, hammers chisels, wood
planes, and sanding blocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the most
part, he continued to use those same tools even as more modern, laborsaving
power tools came to market in the 1930’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Partly, this was because he believed that the hand tools gave him more
precise control over the fine details of the work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Partly, it was because he could not abide the
noise that power tools made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Craftsmanship required thought, and thought required a quiet
environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mostly though, it was
because he wanted more intimacy with the wood—he wanted to feel the life in the
wood with his hands, and in turn to impart some of himself, his own life, his
pride and his caring, into the shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Up
until 1927, he made his shells precisely as his father had taught him to make
them in England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working on a perfectly
straight I beam more than sixty feet long, he constructed a delicate framework
of spruce and northern ash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he
carefully joined and nailed strips of Spanish cedar to the ribs of the frame to
form the hull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This required thousands
of brass nails and screws the heads of which had to be patiently and
laboriously filed down by hand before he could apply coats of marine varnish to
the exterior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fitting and nailing on
of the planks was labor intensive and nerve-racking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any moment the slip of a chisel or a
careless blow form a hammer could ruin days’ worth of work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1927 he made an improvement that
revolutionized the building of racing shells in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a number of years, Ed Leader, who
succeeded Hiram Conibear as the Washington crew coach, had suggested that
Pocock try making a shell out of the native western red cedar that grew so
abundantly, and so large, in Washington and British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, Spanish cedar was expensive,
having to be imported from its native South America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Spanish cedar, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cedrela odorata</i>, is in fact neither Spanish nor cedar, being a
member of the mahogany family.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
also notoriously brittle, necessitating the almost continual repair of the
school’s fleet of shells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock was
attracted to the idea of trying the native cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had, for years, taken notice of the
lightness and the durability of the old cedar Indian canoes that still
occasionally plied the waters of the Puget Sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he had been dissuaded from experimenting
with it by head coach Rusty Callow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Callow had been a logger in his younger years, and like most lumbermen
he believed that cedar was only good for making shakes and shingles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when Pocock finally followed his own
heart and began to experiment with the wood in 1927, he was astonished by the
possibilities it opened up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Western red
cedar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Thuja plicata</i>) is a kind of
wonder wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its low density makes it
easy to shape, whether with a chisel, a plane, or a handsaw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its open cell structure makes it light and
buoyant, and in rowing lightness means speed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its tight, even grain makes it strong but flexible, easy to bend yet
disinclined to twist, warp, or cup.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is free of pitch or sap, but its fibers contain chemicals called thujaplicins
that act as natural preservatives, making it highly resistant to rot while at
the same time lending it its lovely scent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is beautiful to look at, it takes a finish well, and it can be
polished to a high degree of luster, essential for providing the smooth,
friction-free racing bottom a good shell requires.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock quickly became a convert.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon he was scouring the Northwest for the
highest quality cedar he could find, making long journeys to smoky sawmills out
on the Olympic Peninsula and far to the north in the still-virgin forests of
British Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He found just what he
wanted in the misty woods surrounding Lake Cowichan on Vancouver Island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the cedar stock he found there—long,
tight-grained, straight sections cut from massive, ancient trees—he could mill
elegant planks of wood twenty inches or more wide and sixty feet long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And from the planks he could shave identical
pairs of much thinner planks, delicate sheets of cedar just five-thirty-seconds
of an inch thick, each a mirror image of the other, with the same pattern of
grain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By placing these book-matched
pairs on either side of the keel, he could ensure perfect symmetry in the
boat’s appearance and performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These flexible sheets of cedar also allowed Pocock to do away with the
endless nailing of planks to the boat’s ribs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Instead he could simply strap the sheets of wood over the frame of the
boat, forcing them to conform to its shape, then cover the whole assembly with
heavy blankets and divert steam from the shell house’s heating system under the
blankets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The steam caused the cedar to
relax and bend to fit itself to the shape of the frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he turned off the steam and removed the
blankets three days later, the cedar sheets held their new shape
perfectly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All he had to do was dry them
and glue them to the frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the
same technique that the Coast Salish peoples of the Northwest had used for centuries
to fashion bentwood boxes out of single planks of cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sleek shells that resulted from the
process were not only more beautiful than the Spanish cedar shells but also
demonstrable faster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harvard ordered, as
an experiment, one of the first to come out of Pocock’s shop and promptly
reported back that the boat had taken several full seconds off its crew’s best
times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the cedar skin attached to
the shell, Pocock installed the runners and the seats, the riggers, the rudder
assembly, and the trim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took pride in
using a variety of Northwest woods in his products—sugar pine for keels, ash
for the frames, Sitka spruce for the gunnels and the hand-carved seats, Alaska
yellow cedar for the wash boards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
last of these he favored mostly because as it aged its color evolved from that
of old ivory to a golden honey hue that harmonized with the burnished red of
the cedar hulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stretched sheer silk
fabric over the stern and bow sections and painted the silk with varnish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the varnish dried and hardened on the
fabric, it created a fragile and lovely translucent yellow decking fore and
aft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, he worked on the finish,
hand-rubbing the cedar hull with powdered pumice and rotten stone for hours, applying
thin coats of marine varnish, then rubbing the finish again and again until it
gleamed like still water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All told, it
took four gallons of varnish to get the finish he was looking for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only when it fairly shimmered, when it seemed
in its sleekness to be alive with the potential for speed, did Pocock pronounce
the boat ready for use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was one
more thing about cedar—a sort of secret that Pocock had discovered accidentally
after his first shells made of the wood had been in the water for a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People had taken to calling them “banana
boats,” because once they were exposed to water both their bows and sterns
tended to curve ever so slightly upward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock pondered this effect and its consequences and gradually came to a
startling realization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although cedar
does not expand or swell <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">across</i> the
grain of the wood when wet, and thus tends not to warp, it does expand lightly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">along </i>the grain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This can amount to as much as an inch of
swelling in the length of a sixty-foot shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because the cedar was dry when attached to the frame but then became wet
after being used regularly, the wood wanted to expand slightly in length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the interior frame of the boat,
being made of ash that remained perpetually dry and rigid, would not allow it
to expand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cedar skin thus became
compressed, forcing the ends of the boat up slightly and lending it what boat
builders call “camber.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result was
that the boat as a whole was under subtle but continual tension caused by the
unreleased compression in the skin, something like a drawn bow waiting to be
release.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This gave it a kind of
liveliness, and tendency to spring forward on the catch of the oars in a way
that no other design or material could duplicate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To Pocock, this unflagging resilience—this
readiness to bounce back, to keep coming, to persist in the face of
resistance—was the magic in cedar, the unseen force that imparted life to the
shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as far as he was concerned, a
shell that did not have life in it was a shell that was unworthy of the young
men who gave their hearts to the effort of moving it through the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 136-139</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony between shell and crew
(Ch. 8): </b>One of the first admonitions of a good rowing coach, after the
fundamentals are over, is “pull your own weight,” and the young oarsman does
just that when he finds out that the boat goes better when he does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is certainly a social implication
here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 149</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson like Ahab:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He[Ulbrickson] was, in his quiet way, rapidly
becoming obsessed, almost Ahab-like, in his pursuit of the ultimate varsity
crew, one that could beat Ky Ebright in California in April and at Poughkeepsie
in June and be in a position to go to Berlin the following year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 156</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stub McMillin can’t believe he was beaten:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was another curly-headed boy, a
six-foot-five, slightly goofy-looking beanpole with a smile that could knock
your socks off, named Jim McMillin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
crew mates called him Stub.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had not
rowed particularly well in the second freshman boat the previous year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now suddenly he seemed to be finding his
niche in Moch’s boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was big enough
to provide the leverage and power that a great crew needs in the middle of the
boat, and he never seemed to believe he was beaten, even if he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He rowed as hard in a losing cause as in a
winning one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He just plain had a lot of
pepper, and he’d made it clear that he thought he belonged in the first
boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 157 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danger of a boat full of individuals:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson knew what the real problem
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He littered his logbook with the
myriad technical faults he was observing:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rantz and Heartman still weren’t breaking their arms at the right point
in the stroke; Green and Hartman were catching the water too early, Rantz and
Lund were catching it too late; and so on .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the real problem wasn’t that –wasn’t an accumulation of small
faults,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back in February he had
commented to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Times’ </i>George
Varnell that “there were more good individual men on this year’s squad than on
any I have coached.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fundamental
problem lay in the fact that he had felt compelled to throw that word
“individual” into the sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
were too many days when they rowed not as crews but as boatfuls of
individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The more he scolded them
for personal technical issues, even as he preached teamsmanship, the more the
boys seemed to sink into their own separate and sometime defiant little
worlds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 158</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s beauty – as he slept:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Joe slept, Joyce sat in the bow, studying
the face of the young man to whom she had committed herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had grown even more handsome since high
school, and at moments like this, when he was fully at ease, his face and his
sculptured body were so full of composure and grace that they reminded Joyce of
the ancient marble statues of Greek athletes that she had recently studied in
her art history class.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Looking at him
like this, she thought, it was hard to believe that he had ever know a troubled
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 159 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Swing – poetry of motion:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a thing that sometimes happens in
rowing that is hard to achieve and hard to define.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many crews, even winning crews, never rally
find it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others find it but can’t
sustain it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s called “swing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It only happens when all eight oarsmen are
rowing in such perfect unison that no single action by any one is out of synch
with those of all the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not
just that the oars enter and leave the water at precisely the same
instant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sixteen arms must begin to
pull, sixteen knees must begin to fold and unfold, eight bodies must begin to
slide forward and backward, eight backs must bend and straighten all at
once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each minute action—each subtle
turning of wrists—must be mirrored exactly by each oarsman, from one end of the
boat to the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only then will the
boat continue to run, unchecked, fluidly and gracefully between pulls of the
oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only then does pain entirely give
way to exultation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing then becomes a
kind of perfect language.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poetry, that’s
what a good swing feels like. p. 161</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More swing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A good swing does not necessarily make crews
go faster, except to the extent that if no one’s actions check the run of the
boat, rowers get more bang for their buck on each stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mainly what it does is allow them to conserve
power, to row at a lower stroke rate and still move through the water as efficiently
as possible, and often more rapidly than another crew rowing less efficiently
at a higher rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It allows them to
possess a reserve of energy for gut-wrenching, muscle-screaming sprint at the
end of a race. It is insanely difficult to keep a good swing as you raise your
rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the tempo increases, each of
the myriad separate actions has to happen at shorter and shorter intervals, so
that at some point it becomes virtually impossible to maintain a good swing at
a high rate. But the closer a crew can come to that ideal—maintaining a good
swing while rowing at a high rate—the closer they are to rowing on another
plane, the plane on which champions row.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 162</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on free – it’s got to be (Ch. 10):</b>
A boat is a sensitive thing, an eight-oared shell, and if it isn’t let go free,
it doesn’t work for you. p. 173</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dust Bowl: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On April 14, the day after the Pacific Coast
Regatta on the Oakland Estuary, the dust storms of the past several years were
suddenly eclipsed by a single catastrophe that is still remembered in the
Plains states as Black Sunday.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In only a
few hours’ time, cold, dry winds howling out of the north scoured from dry
fields more than two times the amount of soil that had been excavated from the
Panama Canal and lifted it eight thousand feet into the sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across much of five states, late afternoon
sunlight gave way to utter darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
dust particles the wind carried generated so much static electricity in the air
that barbed-wire fences glowed in the midday darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Farmers at work in their fields crumpled to
their hands and knees and groped aimlessly about, unable to find their way to
their own doorsteps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cars careened off
roads and into ditches, where their occupants clutched cloths to their faces,
struggled to breath, gagged, and coughed up dirt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes they abandoned their cars and
staggered up to the houses of strangers and pounded on their front doors,
begging for and receiving shelter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
next day, Kansas City AP bureau chief Ed Stanley inserted the phrase “the dust
bowl” into a wire service account and the devastation, and a new term entered
the American lexicon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next few
months, as the extent of the devastation settle in, the trickle of ragged
refugees that Joe Rantz had witnessed heading west the previous summer became a
torrent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a few years, two and a
half million Americans would pull up stakes and head west into an uncertain
future—rootless, dispossessed, bereft of the simple comfort and dignity of
having a place to call home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 175 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Passivism:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, the drumbeat of ominous
headlines emanating from Europe had begun to grow steadily louder and more
insistent that spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four weeks’ worth
of headlines from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seattle Times</i>
alone were reason enough for worry: “Death Penalty for Pacifists Is Decreed as
Germany Girds”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(April 19); “Nazis Jail
Aged Nuns, Monks in New Attack on Christianity” (April 27); “German Move to
Build U-Boats Rouses Anxiety in Great Britain” (April 28); “Britain to Match
Nazi Planes; Calls on Hitler to Fix Limits: (May 2); “Hitler Warned by Britain
Not to Militarize Rhineland Zone” (May 7); “Nazis Have New Weapon: 60-Knot
Boat” (May 17); “Hitler Police Jail U. S. Citizen” (May 18).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dark news was difficult to ignore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But not impossible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vast majority of Americans, in Seattle
and elsewhere, did exactly that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The affairs
of Europe still seemed a million miles away, and that’s exactly where most
people wanted to keep them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 176</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Paradoxes of rowing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing is, in a number of ways, a sport of
fundamental paradoxes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For one thing, an
eight-oared racing shell—powered but unusually large and physically powerful
men or women—is commanded, controlled, and directed by the smallest and least
powerful person in the boat. The coxswain (nowadays often a female even in an
otherwise male crew) must have the force of character to look men or women
twice his or her size in the face, bark orders at them, and be confident that
the leviathans will respond instantly and unquestioningly to those orders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is perhaps the most incongruous
relationship in sports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another paradox
lies in the physics of the sport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
object of the endeavor is, of course, to make the boat move through the water
as quickly as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the faster
the boat goes, the harder it is to row well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The enormously complicated sequence of movements, each of which an
oarsman must execute with exquisite precision, becomes exponentially more
difficult to perform as the stroke rate increases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing at a beat of thirty-six is vastly more
challenging than rowing at a beat of twenty-six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the tempo accelerates, the penalty of a
miscue—an oar touching the water a fraction of a second too early or too late,
for instance—becomes ever more severe, the opportunity for disaster ever
greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the same time, the exertion
required to maintain a high rate makes the physical pain all the more
devastating and therefore the likelihood of a miscue greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this sense, speed is both the rower’s
ultimate goal and also his greatest foe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Put another way, beautiful and effective rowing often means painful rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An unnamed coach is reputed to have said,
bluntly, “Rowing is like a beautiful duck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the surface it is all grace, but underneath the bastard’s paddling
like mad!” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the greatest paradox of
the sport has to do with the psychological makeup of the people who pull the
oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great oarsmen and oarswomen are
necessarily made of conflicting stuff—of oil and water, fire and earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the one hand, they must possess enormous
self-confidence, strong egos, and titanic willpower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must be almost immune to
frustration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody who does not believe
deeply in himself or herself—in his or her ability to endure hardship and to
prevail over adversity—is likely even to attempt something as audacious as
competitive rowing at the highest levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The sport offers so many opportunities for suffering and so few
opportunities for glory that only the most tenaciously serf reliant and
self-motivated are likely to succeed at it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yet, at the same time—and this is key—no
other sport demands and rewards the complete abandonment of the self the way
that rowing does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great crews may have
men or women of exceptional talent or strength; they may have outstanding
coxswains or stroke oars or bowmen; but they have no stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The team effort—the perfectly synchronized
flow of muscle, oars, boat, and water; the single, whole, unified, and
beautiful symphony that a crew in motion becomes—is all that matters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not the individual, not the self.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 177-179</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Psychological and physical mix to perfection:</b>
The psychology is complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even as
rowers must subsume their often fierce sense of independence and self-reliance,
at the same time they must hold true to their individuality, their unique
capabilities as oarsmen or oarswomen or, for that matter, as human beings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if they could, few rowing coaches would
simply clone their biggest, strongest, smartest, and most capable rowers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crew races are not won by clones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are won by crews, and great crews, and
great crews are carefully balanced blends of both physical abilities and
personality types.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In physical terms,
for instance, one rower’s arms might be longer than another’s, but the latter might
have a stronger back than the former.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither
is necessarily a better or more valuable oarsman than the other; both the long
arms and the strong back are assets to the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if they are to row well together, each of
these oarsmen must adjust to the needs and capabilities of the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each must be prepared to compromise something
in the way of optimizing his stroke for the overall benefit of the boat—the
shorter-armed man reaching a little farther, the longer-armed man
foreshortening his reach just a bit—so that both men’s oars remain parallel and
both blades enter and exit the water at precisely the same moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This highly refined coordination and
cooperation must be multiplied out across eight individuals of varying statures
and physiques to make the most of each individual’s strengths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only in this way can the capabilities that
come with diversity—lighter, more technical rowers in the bow and stronger,
heavier pullers in the middle of the boat, for instance—be turned to advantage
rather than disadvantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 179 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diversity - Character:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The capitalizing on diversity is perhaps even
more important when it comes to the characters of the oarsmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A crew composed entirely of eight amped-up,
overly aggressive oarsmen will often degenerate into a dysfunctional brawl in a
boat or exhaust itself in the first leg of a long race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Similarly, a boatload of quiet but strong
introverts may never find the common core of fiery resolve that causes the boat
to explode past its competitors when all seems lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Good crews are good blends of personalities:
someone to lead the charge, someone to hold something in reserve; someone to
pick a fight, someone to make peace; someone to think things through, someone
to charge ahead without thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Somehow all this must mesh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s the steepest challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even after the right mixture is found, each man or woman in the boat
must recognize his or her place in the fabric of the crew, accept it, and
accept the others as they are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an
exquisite thing when it all comes together in just the right way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The intense bonding and the sense of
exhilaration that results from it are what many oarsmen row for, far more than
for trophies or accolades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it takes
young men or women of extraordinary character as well as extraordinary physical
ability to pull it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 179-180</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on what an oar’s man feels (Ch. 11):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the oarsman, too, when he has his mind
trained at the university and his body fit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Feels something. . . . I think oarsmen understand what I’m talking
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They get that way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve seen oarsmen—actually I saw one man, who
was so rarin’ to go, so fit and bright, I saw him try to run up a wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now isn’t that ridiculous?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he felt that good; he wanted to run up
that wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 193 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At the end of the last Ice Age:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Then he turned north and descended into
the Washington scablands, a tortured landscape shaped by a series of cataclysms
between twelve and fifteen thousand years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As the last ice age waned, a two-thousand-foot-high ice dam holding back
a vast lake in Montana—later dubbed Lake Missoula by geologists—gave way not
once but several times, unleashing a series of floods of unimaginable scope and
ferocity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the greatest of these,
during a period of roughly forty-eight hours, 220 cubic kilometers of water
rushed over much of what is now northern Idaho, eastern Washington, and the
northern edge of Oregon, carrying more than ten times the flow of all the
rivers in the world. A massive wall of water, mud, and rock—well over a
thousand feet tall in places—exploded over the countryside, rumbling southwest
toward the Pacific at speed up to one hundred miles per hour, leveling whole
mountains, sluicing away millions of tons of topsoil, and gouging deep scars
called “coulees” in the underlying bedrock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 193-194 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s job:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirty minutes later, he walked out of the
office with a job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the jobs
remaining at the dam site, he had been told, were for common laborers, payed
fifty cents an hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But studying the
application form, Joe had noticed that there were higher pay grades for certain
jobs—especially for the men whose job it was to dangle from cliff faces in
harnesses and pound away at the reluctant rock with jackhammers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer job paid seventy-five cents an
hour, so Joe had put a check next to the box and stepped into the examination
room for his physical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working with a
jackhammer under those conditions required enough upper body strength to fight
the punishing kickback of the machine, enough leg strength to keep the body
pushed away from the cliff face all day, enough grace and athleticism to
clamber around on the cliffs while dodging rocks falling from above, and enough
self-assurance to climb over the edge of the cliff in the first place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time Joe had stripped down to his
shorts and told the doctor that he rowed crew at the university, the job was
his.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 194-195</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More of Joe’s job:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer work was brutal, but Joe came
to enjoy it. For eight hours a day, he dangled on a rope in the furnace like
heat of the canyon, pounding at the wall of rock in front of him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The jackhammer weighed seventy-five pounds
and seemed to have a life and a will of its own, endlessly pushing back, trying
to wrest itself out of Joe’s grip as he in turn tried to push it into the
rock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The continual rapid-fire <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chock-chock-chock</i> of his machine and
those of the men around him was deafening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rock dust, gritty and irritating, swirled around him, got in his eyes,
his mouth, and his nose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sharp chips and
shards of rock flew up and stung his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sweat dripped from his back and fell away into the void below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hundreds of feet of loose rock—the
“overburden” as the engineers called it—had to be peeled away from the face of
the cliffs in order to get down to the older granite bedrock on which the
foundation of the dam would be built.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then the granite itself had to be shaped to conform to the contours of
the future dam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was hard stuff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So hard that roughly two thousand feet of
steel disappeared every day from the bit ends of all the jackhammers and pneumatic
drills at work in the canyon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But tough
as the work was, there was much about it that suited Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He learned that summer to work closely with
the men dangling on either side of him, each keeping an eye out for rocks
falling from above, calling out warning to those below, searching for better
places to find seams in the rock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
liked the easygoing camaraderie of it, the simple, stark maleness of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most days he worked without a shirt or
hat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His muscles quickly grew bronzed
and his hair ever blonder under the ardent desert sun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of each day, he was exhausted,
parched with thirst, and ravenously hungry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But—much as he sometimes had after a hard row on Lake Washington back
home—he also felt cleansed by the work,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He felt lithe and limber, full of youth and grace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 197-198 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnny White – all-American boy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny White as the number two man in Tom
Bolle’s outstanding freshman boat that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An inch shorter than Joe, and more slightly built, he was nevertheless a
fine physical specimen and striking to look at, with fine, regular features;
graceful proportioned limbs, and an open, eager face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had warm, inviting eyes and a sunny smile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you’d wanted a poster model for the
all-American boy, Johnny would have fit the bill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also a thoroughly nice kid and nearly
as poor as Joe Rantz <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 200 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Poor family at work:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, he [John White – Johnny’s dad] got
up from his chair one day, went down to the lakeshore, and began to plant a garden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His kids needed to be fed, and he was out of
money, but food could be grown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before
long he had the finest garden in the neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the rich black soil along the lakeshore,
he grew tall sweet corn and large, luscious tomatoes, both perpetual challenges
to Seattle gardeners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grew
loganberries, and picked apples and pears from trees on the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He raised chickens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny’s mother, Maimie, bartered the eggs
for other goods, canned the tomatoes, made wine from the loganberries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She grew peonies in another garden along the
side of the house and sold them to a florist in Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She went to a flour mill for flower sacks,
bleached them, and made them into dish towels that she sold around town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once a week she bought a roast and served it
for Sunday dinner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rest of the week
they ate leftovers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then in 1934 the
city decided to open a swimming beach along the shore in front of the
house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The condemned the Whites’ waterfront
garden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 200 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johnny on his way to the boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny was the apple of his [father’s] eye,
and he wanted more than anything for his son to become an oarsman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johnny, in turn, wanted nothing more than to
meet his father’s often very high expectations, whatever they might be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Johnny hadn’t let him down so far.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was unusually bright, accomplished, and
ambitious, and he had graduated from Franklin High School two years early, at
the age of sixteen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That had created a
small problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was far too young and
too underdeveloped to row for the university, the only rowing game in
town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So by mutual agreement with his
father, Johnny went to work—both to make enough money to attend the university
and, just as importantly, to manufacture enough muscle to row with the best of
them when he got there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He chose the hardest,
most physical challenging work he could find: fires wrestling steel beams and
heavy equipment around a shipyard on the waterfront in Seattle and then
stacking lumber and manhandling massive fir and cedar logs with a peavey in a
nearby sawmill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time he arrived
at the university, two years later, he had enough cash to make it through a
couple of years of school and enough braw to quickly emerge as one of Tom Bolles’s
most impressive freshmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, in the
summer of 1935, he’d arrived at Grand Coulee looking for more—more money and
more muscle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 201 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chuck Day – ferocious competitor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first blush it didn’t seem to make sense
to Joe and a kid like Day would have any reason to work in a place as dirty and
dangerous as the coulee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In point of
fact, though—as Joe would soon find out—there was no place that Chuck Day was
more likely to be that summer than at Grand Coulee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To understand him, you had to understand his
heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a ferocious
competitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you put a challenge in
front of him, he attacked it like a bulldog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And he just plain didn’t know the meaning of surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a river needed to be dammed, then by God
just get out of the way and let him at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 202</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friends around Campfire, boys free in the
wilderness</b>: For the most part, though, they stayed in Grand Coulee, where
they could toss a football around in the sagebrush, chuck rocks off the edges
of the cliffs, bask shirtless on stone ledges in the warm morning sun, sit
bleary-eyed in the smoke around a campfire at night telling ghost stories as
coyotes yelped in the distance, and generally act like the teenagers they
actually were—free and easy boys, cut loose in the wide expanse of the western
desert. p. 205 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock—Be part of the boat (Ch. 12):</b>
Just as a skilled rider is said to become part of his horse, the skilled
oarsman must become part of his boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
207 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">80. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hitler killed “his” boys:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A little less than ten years in the future,
in the last few desperate days of the Third Reich, scores of Hitler Youth—boys
as young as ten or eleven—would crouch below the bell tower among blocks of
fine Franconian limestone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rubble of
the building now being erected, shooting at advancing Russian boys, many of the
not a great deal older than they.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in
those last few days, as Berlin burned all around them, some of those German
goys—those who cried or refused to shoot or tried to surrender—would be lined
up against these limestone slabs by their officers and shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 208</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The coach building the team, the boat:</b>
He [Ulbrickson] was going to have to overlook boys he like personally and work
with boys he didn’t necessarily like, He was going to have to outwit Ky Ebright—no
small challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was going to have to
find funding in what was shaping up to be yet another lean year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he was going to have to make better use
of perhaps his greatest resource, George Pocok. P. 212</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock’s council to Joe – the art of
building beauty:</b> On a bright, crisp September morning, as Pocock started up
the steps to his loft in the shell house, he noticed Joe doing sit-ups on a
bench at the back of the room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
motioned Joe to come over, said he’d noticed him peering up at the shop
occasionally, and asked him if he’d like to look around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe all but bounded up the stairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The loft was bright and airy, with morning
light pouring in from several large windows in the back wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The air was thick with the sweet—sharp scent of
marine varnish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drifts of sawdust and
curls of wood shaving lay on the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A long I beam stretched nearly the full length of the loft, and on it
lay a framework of an eight-oared shell under construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock started off by explaining the various tools
he used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He showed Joe wood plans, their
wooden handles burnished by decades of use, their blades so sharp and precise
they could shave off curls of wood as thin and transparent as tissue paper, He
handed him different old rasps and augers and chisels and files and mallets
he’d brought over from England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of
them, he said, were a century old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
explained how each kind of tool had many variations, how each file, for instance,
was subtly different from another, how each served a different function but all
were indispensable in the making of a fine shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He guided Joe to a lumber rack and pulled out
samples of the different woods he used—soft, malleable sugar pine, hard yellow
spruce, fragrant cedar, and clear white ash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He held each piece up and inspected it, turning it over and over in his
hands , and talking about the unique properties of each and how it took all of
them contributing their individual qualities to make a shell that would come to
life in the water,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pulled a long
cedar plank from a rack and pointed out the annuals growth rings,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe already knew a good deal about the
qualities of cedar and about growth rings from his time splitting shakes with
Charlie McDonald, but he was drawn in as Pocock began to talk about what they
meant to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe crouched next to the
older man and studied the wood and listened intently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock said the rings told more than a tree’s
age; they told the whole story of the tree’s life over as much as two thousand
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their thickness and thinness
spoke of hard years of bitter struggle intermingled with rich years of sudden
growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The different colors spoke of
the various soils and minerals that the tree’s roots encountered, some harsh
and stunting, some rich and nourishing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Flaws and irregularities told how the trees endured fires and lightning
strikes and windstorms and infestation and yet continued to grow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Pocock talked, Joe grew mesmerized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just what the Englishman was
saying, or the soft, earthy cadence of his voice, it was the calm reverence
with which he talked about the wood—as if there was something holy and sacred
about it—that drew Joe in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wood,
Pocock murmured, taught us about survival, about overcoming difficulty, about
prevailing over adversity, but it also taught us something about the underlying
reason for surviving in the first place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Something about infinite beauty, about undying grace, about things
larger and greater than ourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About
the reasons we were all here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sure, I
can make a boat,” he said, and then added, quoting the poet Joyce Kilmer, “’But
only God can make a tree.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock
pulled out a thin sheet of cedar, one that had been milled down to
three-eighths of an inch for the skin of a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He flexed the wood and had Joe dothe
same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He talked about camber and the
life it imparted to a shell when wood was put under tension.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He talked about the underlying strength of
the wood its ability to bounce back and resume its shape, whole and intact, or
how, under steam and pressure, they could take a new form and hold it
forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ability to yield, to bend,
to give way, to accommodate, he said, was sometimes a source of strength in men
as well as in wood, so long as it was helmed by inner resolve and by principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took Joe to one end of the long I beam on
which he was constructing the frame for a new shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock sighted along the pine keel and
invited Joe to do the same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had to be
precisely straight, he said, for the whole sixty-two-foot length of the boat,
not a centimeter of variance from one end to the other or the boat would never
run true.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in the end the trueness
could only come from its builder, from the care with which he exercised his
craft, from the amount of heart he put into it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock paused and stepped back from the frame of the shell and put his
hands on his hips, carefully studying the work he had so far done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said for him the craft of building a boat
was like religion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t enough to
master the technical detail of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
had to give yourself up to it spiritually; you had to surrender yourself
absolutely to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you were done and
walked away from the boat, you had to feel that you had left a piece of
yourself behind in it forever, a bit of your heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He turned to Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Rowing,” he said, “is like that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a lot of life is like that too, the parts
that really matter anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do you know
what I mean, Joe?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe, a bit nervous,
not at all certain that he did, nodded tentatively, went back downstairs, and
resumed his sit-ups, trying to work it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 213-215</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Helping a friend, working through college,
and the power of service:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end
of the day, after the others had drifted off to their homes or their part-time
jobs, Joe often lingered at the shell house well into the evening, as he had
the previous spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On one of those
evenings, he came out of the steam room wrapped in a towel and found the big,
gangly number five man from last year’s jayvee boat, Stub McMillin, pushing a
broom around and emptying trash cans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Joe realized that McMillin must have taken a job as the shell house
janitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With all the hard feelings
between the two boats, Joe had never had much to do with McMillin, but now,
watching him at work, he felt a surge of affinity for the boy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sauntered over, stuck out his hand, struck
up a conversation, and finally confided what he had long kept secret from the
other fellows—that he himself worked a late-night shift as janitor at the
YMCA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe quickly found that he liked
Stub McMillin a good deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d grown up
in Seattle, on Queen Anne Hill, and was nearly as poor as Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was putting himself through college by
working at anything and everything that came his way—mowing lawns, delivering
newspapers, sweeping floors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he
wasn’t rowing, studying, or sleeping, he was working, and just barely keeping
himself clothed and fed doing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
found it comfortable to be around McMillin. He felt as if he could let his
guard down a little when it came to talking about his own financial
circumstances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before long, Joe was
staying late almost every day, pushing broom alongside McMillin, helping him
get through his work quickly so he could go home and study. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 218-129 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe and Pocock, (boys need mothers): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes. Late in the day, instead of helping
McMillin, Joe would climb the stairs at the back of the shell house and see if
George Pocock had time for a chat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
the Englishman was still working, Joe would perch on a bench, his long legs
bent in front of him, and just watch the Englishman, not saying much, studying
the way the boat builder shaped the wood. If Pocock was done for the day, Joe
would help him put tools and lumber away or sweep the sawdust and wood shaving
from the floor for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock didn’t
deliver any more long discourses on wood or rowing or life, as he had the first
time they’d talked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead he seemed
interested in learning more about Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One afternoon he asked Joe how he came to be there, at the shell
house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a big question asked in a
small way, Joe realized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He answered
hesitantly, cautiously, unused to unveiling himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Pocock persisted, gently and deftly
probing him about his family, about where he’d come from and where he hoped to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe talked in fits and starts,
circling nervously around stores about his mother and father and Thula, about
Spokane and the Gold and Ruby mine and Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pocock asked him about his likes and dislikes, the things that made him
get up in the morning, the things he feared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly he zeroed in on what he most wanted to know: “Why do you
row?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What do you hope to get out of
it, Joe?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the more he enticed Joe to
talk, the more Pocock began to plumb the inner workings of this enigma of a
boy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It helped that Pocock’s own mother
had died six months after his birth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
father’s second wife had died a few years later, before George’s
remembering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew something about growing
up in a motherless home, and about the hole it left in a boy’s heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew about the ceaseless drive to make
oneself whole, and about the endless yearning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly he began to close in on the essence of Joe Rantz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 219</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Building the team:</b> Ulbrickson had
magical, almost alchemical, materials to work with—Tom Bolles’s outstanding
freshman champions from last year, now sophomores; the boys in Joe’s boat, all
juniors now and still undefeated; and some outstanding boys from last season’s
VJ boat, now a mix of juniors and seniors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And the ruminations that Ulbrickson had given the matter in September
seemed to pay dividends right from the start.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had devoted a lot of thought to his initial boat assignments, and in
the first few days of rowing two of the new crews seemed to show particular
promise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first was built largely
around a core of last year’s freshmen: Don Hume, the big powerful stroke; Gordy
Adam at number seven; William Seaman at number six; and Johnny White at number
four.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only member of Joe’s old crew
in that first boat was Shorty Hunt, at number two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second boat that showed particular
promise had three of Joe’s old crewmates: Bob Green at number six, Charles
Hartman at Number two , and Roger Morris in the bow,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Joe Rantz hadn’t made either of those
boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the next few weeks, he bumped
back and forth between two other boats, rowing hard but his spirits starting to
flag again as he realized just how stiff the competition was going to be this
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just the boat
assignments that ate at Joe that fall, or the growing realization that getting
to Berlin was going to be harder than anything he had ever done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like most competitive rowers, he was drawn to
difficult things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A good challenge had
always interested him, appealing to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That was, in many ways, why he rowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 220-221</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cold Workouts:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al Ulbrickson sent his four potential varsity
boats out onto Lake Washington nonetheless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was serious cold-weather rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The boys rowed with white knuckles and chattering teeth, their hands so
cold they could hardly feel the oars, their feet throbbing with pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Icicles dangled from the bow, the stern, and
the riggers that held the oarlocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Layer upon layer of clear, hard ice grew on the shafts of the oars
themselves as they dipped in and out of the water, weighing them down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lumps of ice formed wherever water splashed
on the boys’ sweatshirts and the stocking hats they wore pulled down over their
ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 223 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The death of Charlie McDonald:</b> Joe had
been struggling with his rowing for weeks, especially since Thula had
died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he got a letter from
Sequim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie McDonald was dead too,
killed in an automobile crash on Highway 101.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a stunning blow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Charlie
had been an adviser and a teacher, the one adult who had stood by him and given
him a chance when no one else had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now
he was gone, and Joe found himself unable to focus on anything other than the
losses back home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 224</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on Rhythm – Swing (Ch. 13):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When you get the rhythm in an eight, it’s
pure pleasure to be in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not hard
work when the rhythm comes—that “swing” as they call it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve heard men shriek out with delight when
that swing came in an eight; it’s a thing they’ll never forget as long as they
live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 229<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Team Building:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Joe reported to the shell house that
Monday and glanced at the chalkboard, he was surprised to find that his name
was listed among those in the number one varsity boat, as were Shorty Hunt’s
and Roger Morris’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After rowing in the
number three and four shells all fall, Joe couldn’t fathom why he had suddenly
been promoted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As it turned out, it
wasn’t really much of a promotion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson had partially reconstituted some of the old boat assignments
from 1935, purely on a temporary basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He wanted to spend the first few weeks working on fundamentals. “As a
general rule,” he said, “men are in more receptive mood for pointers when
working with familiar teammates.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
soon as they started rowing at a racing beat, though, he would bust the
boatings up and it would once again be every man for himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boat assignments really didn’t amount to
a hill of beans for now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 229 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bobby Moch:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least one thing was obvious, though.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a Washington boat did go on to ply the
waters of the Langer See in Berlin later that year, Bobby Moch was going to be
sitting in the stern with a megaphone strapped to his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At five foot seven and 119 pounds, Mock was
almost the perfect size for a coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George Pocock, in fact, designed his shells to perform optimally with a
120-pount coxswain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even less weight was
generally desirable, but only provided that the man had the strength to steer
the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like jockeys, coxswains often
went to extraordinary lengths to keep their weight down—they starved
themselves, they purged, they exercised compulsively, they spent long hours in
the steam room trying to sweat off an extra pound or two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometime oarsmen who thought their cox was
weighing them down took matter into their own hands and locked their diminutive
captain in the steam room for a few hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Typical coxswain abuse,” one Washington cox later said, laughing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Bobby Moch’s case, staying small had never
been much of a problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And at any rate,
even if he had carried an extra pound here or there, the roughly three pounds
devoted to his brain would have more than made up for it. . . . Bobby’s father,
Gaston—a Swiss watchmaker and jeweler—was not a large man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was a prominent member of the
citizenry, a proud member of the all-volunteer fire department, and was
celebrated for having driven the first automobile twelve mile from Aberdeen to
Montesano, a journey that he had accomplished in a jaw-dropping hour and a
half.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Bobby was five, a botched
operation on his appendix nearly killed him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The recovery left him short, skinny, and sickly—affected with severe
asthma—throughout his grade-school years and beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Determined not to let his frailty and his
stature stand in his way, in high school he went out for every sport he could
think of, mastering none but playing all of them tenaciously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he couldn’t make it onto the school
football team, he and other boys who weren’t large enough to make the cut
gathered on the vacant lot just down Broad Street from his home, playing
rough-and-tumble scrub football without benefit of helmets or pads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The smallest of the small boys on the lot,
Bobby was always chosen last, and though he spent much of each game with his
face planted in the dirt, he later credited the experience for much of his
subsequent success in life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It doesn’t
matter how many times you get knocked down,” he told his daughter,
Marilynn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What matters is how many
times you get up.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his senior year in
high school, by sheer force of will, he lettered in—of all
things—basketball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the three pounds
of gray matter he carried around in his skull served him well in the
classroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wound up at the top of his
class, honored as Montesano High’s class valedictorian in 1932. When he
enrolled at the University of Washington, he set his sights on coxing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As with everything else he attempted, he had
to fight tooth and nail to win a seat in the stern of one of Al Ulbrickson’s
boats. But once he was in that seat, his tenacity quickly made a believer out
of Al Ulbrickson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like everyone else in
the shell house, Ulbrickson soon discovered that the only time Mock didn’t’
seem entirely happy and comfortable in the coxswain’s seat was when he was in
the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long as he could see
another boat out ahead of him, as long as he had something to overcome, someone
to beat, the boy was on fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1935
Moch wielded the megaphone in the JV boat that contended with Joe and the other
sophomores for varsity status that season.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He wasn’t a popular choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had displaced a well-regarded boy his new crewmates had been rowing with for
two years, and they initially refused to give Moch the respect a coxswain
absolutely depends on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That just made
Moch push them harder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That was a tough
year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wasn’t liked at all,” he later
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I demanded they do better, so I
made a lot of enemies.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch drove those
boys like Simon Legree with a whip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had a deep baritone voice that was surprising in a man so small, and he used it
to good effect, bellowing out commands with absolute authority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was also canny enough to know when to
let up on the crew, when to flatter them, when to implore them, when to joke
around with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slowly he won his new
crewmates over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bottom line was that
Moch was smart and he knew how to use his smarts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, by the end of the1936 season he’d
have a Phi Beta Kappa key of his own to twirl on his finger, just like Al
Ulbrickson.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 231-233</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock to Joe – how to row in the stars:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One exceptionally stormy after noon in early
March, when the boy were lounging morosely about the shell house,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock tapped Joe on the shoulder and
asked him to come up into the loft,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had a few thoughts he wanted to share with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the shop Pocock leaned over one side of a new shell and began to
apply varnish to its upturned hull. Joe pulled a sawhorse to the other side of
the shell and sat down on it, facing the older man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock began by saying he’d been watching Joe
row for a while now, that he was a fine oarsman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d noted a few technical faults—that Joe
was braking his arms at the elbows a little too early in the stroke and not
catching the water as cleanly as he would if he keep this hands moving at the
same speed that the water was moving under the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that wasn’t what he wanted to talk
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He toldJoe that there were times
when he seemed to think he was the only fellow in the boat, as if it was up to
him to row the boat across the finish line all by himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a man rowed like that, he said, he was
bound to attack the water rather than to work with it, and worse, he was bound
not to let his crew help him row.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
suggested that Joe think of a well-rowed race as a symphony, and himself as
just one player in the orchestra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one
fellow in an orchestra was playing out of tune, or playing at a different
tempo, the whole piece would naturally be ruined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s the way it was with rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What mattered more than how hard a man rowed
was how well everything he did in the boat harmonized with what the other fellows
were doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a man couldn’t harmonize
with his crewmates unless he opened his heart to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had to care about his crew,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just the rowing but his crewmates
that he had to give himself up to, even if it meant getting his feelings
hurt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock paused and looked up at
Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If you don’t like some fellow in
the boat, Joe, you have to learn to like him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has to matter to you whether he wins the race, not just whether you do.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told Joe to be careful not to miss his
chance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He reminded him that he’d
already learned to row past pain, past exhaustion, past the voice that told him
it couldn’t be done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That meant he had
an opportunity to do things most men would never have a chance to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he concluded with a remark that Joe would
never forget.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Joe, when you really
start trusting those other boys, you will feel a power at work within you that
is far beyond anything you’ve ever imagined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sometime, you will fell as if you have rowed right off the planet and
are rowing among the stars.” pp. 234-235</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Singing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he returned to the warm cave his father
had constructed, Joe toweled his hair dry, unpacked his banjo, and pulled a
chair up in front of the woodstove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
gathered the kids around him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He tuned
the banjo carefully, fiddling with knobs and plucking at steel strings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he cleared his throat, cracked open a
big white smile, and began to sing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
by one, the kids and Joyce and Harry all joined in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 237</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Boys in the Boat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By March 19, Al Ulbrickson figured he had
found his best bet for an Olympic boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He still had it pegged as the second boat on his chalkboard, but the
boys in it were beginning to edge the first boat consistently an Ulbrickson was
quietly putting his final selections into this boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At bow he had Roger Morris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AT number two, Chuck Day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number three was one of Tom Bolles’s
freshmen from the previous year, Gordy Adam, the dairy-farm kid from up on the
Nooksack River near the Canadian border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gordy had attended a two-room country schoolhouse, then Mount Baker High
in the small town of Deming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he’d
spent five brutal months fishing for salmon on the Bering Sea, up in Alaska, to
put together enough money to start at the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a quiet young man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So quiet that in the previous year’s race
against California he’d rowed the whole two miles with his thumb cut to the
bone and never mentioned it to anyone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In honor of that Royal Brougham had begun to refer to him now a Gordy
“Courage” Adam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number four Ulbrickson
had lithe, good-looking Johnny White.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big, rangy Stub McMillin was at number five.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt was at number six.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At number seven was another of Tom Bolles’s
former freshmen, Merton Hatch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the
stroke position was a fourth member of last year’s freshman crew: poker-faced
Don Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an unusual move to put
a nineteen-year-old sophomore at the critical stroke position, but Hume had
proven so sensational as a freshman that many were already saying he might turn
out to be Washington’s best stroke since Ulbrickson himself had rowed at that
position, maybe even better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He hailed
from Anacortes, then a gritty lumber and fish-canning port fifty miles north of
Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In high school he’d been the
consummate all-around athlete—a star in football, basketball, and track—and an
honor student.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was also an
accomplished pianist, a devotee of Fats Waller, and capable of pulling off
anything from swing tunes to Mendelssohn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When he was down at a piano, he always drew a crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the crash, his father lost his job at a
pulp mill and moved to Olympia in search of work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don stayed behind in Anacorte, lodging with
family friends and eventually finding work in a lumber mill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walking the cobbled beach on the channel
between Anacortes and Guemes Island one day, he came across and abandoned and
dilapidated thirteen-foot clinker-built rowboat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He refurbished it, took it down to the water,
and discovered that he loved rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Loved it, in fact, more than anything he had ever done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a year follow his graduation from high
school he rowed obsessively—up and down the channel on foggy days and on long
voyages out among the San Juan Islands on sunny days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the job at the lumber mill gave out and
he decided to join his parents in Olympia, he rowed all the way there—a six-day
voyage that covered nearly a hundred miles of water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That fall he moved to Seattle, registered as geology
major at the university, and then made a beeline for the shell house, where Rom
Bolles and Al Ulbrickson quickly discovered that they had an extraordinary
athlete on their hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume pulled a
smooth as silk, and with the precise, mechanical regularity of a
metronome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seemed to have an innate,
deep –seated sense of rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But more
than that, his mastery of his oar, his steady reliability, and his rock-solid
sureness were so apparent that every other boy in the boat could sense them
immediately and thus easily fall into synch with Hume regardless of water
conditions or the state of a race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was key.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the stern of Ulbrickson’s
star boat, wearing the megaphone was, inevitably, Bobby Mock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe was in the third boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it looked as if he’d be staying there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So fare he hadn’t even made the presumed JV
boat, and so it looked as if he would not be rowing in the Cal race or
beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But then, on March 21, he walked
into the shell house and found his name on the chalkboard, sitting at seat
number seven in boat number two, the boat everyone was talking about as the
best bet for the varsity slot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
couldn’t believe it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t know if
Pocock had talked to Ulbrickson or if Merton Hatch had simply messed up in some
spectacular way, or if Ulbrickson simply needed someone else at number seen for
the day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever the reason, this was
his chance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 238-239</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joe’s chance:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe knew what he had to do, and he found
doing it surprisingly easy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the
moment he stepped into the shell that afternoon, he felt at home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He liked these boys. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t know Gordy Adam and Don Hume well,
but both made a point of welcoming him aboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His oldest, most reliable shell house friend, Roger Morris, sitting up
front in the bow, gave him a wave and shouted the length of the boat, “Hey, Joe,
I see you finally found the right boat!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His buddies from Grand Coulee, Chuck Day and Jonny White, were sitting
up near the front too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he strapped
his shoes to the footboard and began to lace his feet into the shoes, Stub
McMillin, his face alight, said, ”OK, this boat is going to fly now,
boys.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt slapped him on the
back and whispered, “Got you back, Joe.” pp. 239-240</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They fly: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe rowed that day as he had never been able
to row before—as Pocock had told him to row, giving himself up to the crew’s
effort entirely, rowing as if he were an extension of the man in front of him
and the man behind him, following Hume’s stroke flawlessly, transmitting it back
to Shorty behind him in one continuous flow of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>muscle and wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It felt to Joe
like a transformation, as if some kind of magic had come over him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nearest thing to it he could remember was
the night as a freshman when he had found himself out on Lake Union with the
lights of Seattle twinkling on the water and the breaths of his crewmates
synchronized with his in white plumes in the dark, cold air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, as he climbed out of the boat in the
twilight, he realized that the transformation wasn’t so much that he was trying
to do what Pocock had said as that this was a bunch of boys with whom he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i> do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He just trusted them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the end, it was that simple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson wrote in the logbook, “Changed
Rantz and Hatch and it helped a lot.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That turned out to be an understatement on considerable magnitude.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the last change Ulbrickson had to make.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over the next few days, the boat began to
fly, just a Stub McMillin had said it would.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 239-240</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to pick the best:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a straightforward reason for what
was happening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clipper</i> had been winnowed down by
punishing competition, and in the winnowing a kind of common character had
issued forth: they were all skilled, they were all tough, they were all fiercely
determined, but they were also all good-hearted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of them had come from humble
origins or been humbled by the ravages of the hard times in which they had
grown up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each in his own way, they had
all learned that nothing could be taken for granted in life, that for all their
strength and good looks and youth, forces were at work in the world that were
greater then they.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The challenges they
had faced together had taught them humility—the need to subsume their
individual egos for the sake of the boat as a whole—and humility was the common
gateway through which they were able now to come together and begin to do what
they had not been able to do before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
241 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delos Schoch:</b> p. 245 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bobby’s secret: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bobby Moch began to make use of those
three pounds of brains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did what was
counterintuitive but smart—what was manifestly hard to do but he knew was the
right thing to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With his opponent out
in front of him, rowing in the midthirties, and maintaining a lead, he told
Hume to lower the stroke count. Hume dropped to twenty-nine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost immediately the boys in the Washington
boat found their swing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don Hume set the
model, taking huge, smooth, deep pulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Joe and the rest of the boys fell in behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very slowly, seat by seat, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> began to regain water on
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Clipper</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the one-mile mark, the two boats were even
and Washington was starting to edge out ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 247 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">98A. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on Championship caliber of 1936 U.
S. team (Ch. 14): </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be of
championship caliber, a crew must have total confidence in each other, able to
drive with abandon, confident that no man will get the full weight of the pull.
. . . The 1936 crew, with Hume at stroke, rowed with abandon, beautifully
timed,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having complete confidence in one
another they would bound on the stroke with one powerful cut; then ghost forward
to the next stroke with the boat running true and hardly a perceptible
slowdown,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were a classic example of
eight-oar rowing at its very best. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Academic disaster:</b> But on May 18, the
shadow of academic disaster fell over the crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson learned that despite the break, four of his varsity boys still
had incompletes and were just days away from being declared ineligible. He was
furious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Back in January he had warned
the boys, “We can’t tarry with scholastic laggards . . . any who fall behind
are just out, that’s all.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he
dragged Chuck Day, Stub McMillin, Don Hume, and Shorty Hunt into his office,
slammed the door shut, and gave them hell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“You can be the best individual oarsmen in the country, but you will be
of no service or use to this squad unless you whip up your class efforts. . . .
That means study!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ulbrickson was still
fuming as the boys trooped out of the office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everything was suddenly at risk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The worst of all was that while most of them just had to turn in some
overdue work, Don Hume had to flat out ace a final examination to remain
eligible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If there was one boy
Ulbrickson couldn’t afford to lose, it was Don Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 253</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friendship at last:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys, though, were having the times of
their lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On or off the water, they
were almost always together now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
ate together, studied together, and played together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of them had joined the Varsity Boat Club
and lived in the club’s rented house on Seventeenth Avenue, a block north of
the campus, though Joe remained in the basement of the YMCA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Weekend evening the gathered around the
old upright piano in the club’s parlor and sang for hours as Don Hume tore
through jazz tunes, show tunes, blues, and ragtime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes Roger Morris pulled out his
saxophone and joined in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes
Johnny White got out his violin and played along fiddle-style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And almost always Joe got out his banjo or
his guitar and joined in as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody
laughed at him anymore; nobody dreamed of laughing at him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 253-254 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grades up: </b>Don Hume aced his exam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The others finished their incompletes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 254 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing in the stars:</b> Late on the night
of the final time trial, after the wind had died down and the waters had
calmed, they had begun to row back up the river, in the dark, side by side with
the freshman and JV boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon the red
and green running lights of the coaches’ launch disappeared upriver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shells passed under two bridges draped
with shimmering necklaces of amber lights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Along the shore and upon the palisades, warm yellow light poured from
the windows of homes and shell houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a moonless night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
water was ink black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch set the
varsity boys to rowing at a leisurely twenty-two or twenty-three.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe and his crewmates chatted softly with the
boys in the other two boats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they
soon found that they had pulled out ahead without meaning to, just pulling soft
and steady.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon, in fact, they had
pulled so far ahead that they could not even hear the boys in the other boats. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then, one by one, they realized that they couldn’t
hear anything at all except for the gentle murmur of their blades dipping into
and out of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing
in utter darkness now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were alone
together in a realm of silence and darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Years later, as old men, they all remembered the moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch recalled, “You couldn’t hear
anything except of the oars going in the water . . . it’d be a ‘zep’ and that’s
all you could hear . . . the oarlocks didn’t even rattle on the release.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing perfectly, fluidly,
mindlessly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were rowing as if on
another plane, as if in a black void among the stars, just as Pocock had said
they might.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it was beautiful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 259 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">F.D.R.’s house:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of the walls were lined from the floor
to the high celling with shelves of books.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any spot on the walls not taken up by books were covered with pictures
of American presidents and various Roosevelts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>An ornate fireplace dominated the end of the room where they were
seated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IN front of the fireplace was a
fifteen-foot-long library table stacked with new editions of books on every
conceivable topic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nearly every other
table in the room had a vase of fresh flowers or a porcelain figurine on
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt, starting to relax,
settled into a comfortable upholstered chair near the fireplace, and then
nearly jumped out of it when Frank told him it was the president’s favorite,
and that he occasionally delivered his famous fireside chats on the radio from
that very chair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 263</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">104<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. The race ends:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then, in the last two hundred yards, thinking
itself fell away, and pain suddenly came shrieking back into the boat, descending
on all of them at once, searing their legs, their arms, their shoulders, clawing
at the backs, tearing at their hearts and lungs as they desperately gulped at
the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in those last two hundred
yards, in an extraordinary burst of speed, rowing at forty stokes per minute,
pounding the water into a froth, Washington passed California.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With each stroke the boys took their rivals
down by the length of another seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
the time the two boats crossed the line, in the last vestiges of twilight, a
glimmer of open water showed between the stern of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> and the bow of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">California Clipper</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 271 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">105<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Coach coaching:</b> Al Ulbrickson went
down to the water and followed the boys back upriver to the shell house in his
launch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they rowed upstream in the
warm summer dark, Ulbrickson say that they were pulling flawlessly, with the
exceptional grace and precision that was quickly becoming their norm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grabbed a megaphone and bellowed over the
wet growling of the boat’s engine. “Now that’s it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why didn’t you row like that in the
race?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys glanced at one another,
grinning nervously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody quite knew
whether he was kidding or not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 272 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">106. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on swing = success = 4<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup>
dimension (Ch. 15):</b> Therein lies the secret of successful crews: Their
“swing,” that fourth dimension of rowing, which can only be appreciated by an
oarsman who has rowed in a swinging crew, where the run is uncanny and the work
of propelling the shell a delight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P.
275 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coach gets them to believe in each other:</b>
As the Washington boys retreated to the Princeton Inn that night, anxiety
cascaded down on them again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al
Ulbrickson once more spent much of the evening going from room to room, sitting
on the ends of bunks, reassuring his boys, reminding them that they had in
effect won a sprint in the last two thousand meters at Poughkeepsie, telling
them what they already knew in their hearts but needed to hear one more
time—that they could beat any crew in America, at any distance, including
California. All they had to do, he told them, was to continue to believe in one
another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 278-279</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ready to go:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Washington boys were bare chested, having
stripped off their jerseys just before climbing into their boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They sat now with their oars in the water
ready for the first hard pull, each staring straight ahead at the neck of the
man in front of him, trying to breathe slow and easy, settling their hearts and
minds into the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch reached
under his seat and touched Tom Bolles’s lucky fedora, a few extra ounces of
weight in exchange for a lot of luck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
280 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowing right:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky
Clipper</i> remained stuck on California’s tail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys continued to row at
thirty-four.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But what a thirty-four it
was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don Hume on the port side and Joe
Rantz on the starboard were setting the pace with long, slow, sweet, fluid
strokes, and the boys on each side were falling in behind them flawlessly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the banks of Lake Carnegie, the boys,
their oars, and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i>
looked like a single thing, gracefully and powerfully coiling and uncoiling
itself, propelling itself forward over the surface of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight bare backs swung forward and backward
in perfect unison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight white blades
swung forward and backward in perfect unison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Eight white blades dipped in and out of the mirror like water at
precisely the same instant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each time
the blades entered the lake, they disappeared almost without a splash or
ripple.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each time the blades rose from
it, the boat ghosted forward without check or hesitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just before the fifteen-hundred-meter mark,
Bobby Mock leaned into Don Hume and shouted, “Here’s California!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s where we take California!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume knocked the stroke rate up just a bit,
to thirty-six, and Washington swiftly walked past Cal seat by seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They began to creep up on Penn’s stern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penn’s stroke man, Lloyd Saxton, watching the
bow of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i> coming up
behind him, raised his beat to a killing forty-one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But as Penn’s strokes grew more frequent,
they began inevitably to grow shorter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Glancing at the “Puddles” Washington’s blades left behind in the water,
Saxton was shocked at the distance between them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They were spacing five feet to our
three.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was unbelievable,” he said
after the race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington pulled
abreast of Penn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Bobby Moch still
hadn’t really turned the boys loose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Coming inside five hundred meters, he finally did so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He barked at Hume to pick up the tempo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rate surged to thirty-nine and then
immediately to forty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For five or six
strokes, the bows of the two boats contested for the lead, back and forth like
the heads of racehorses coming down the stretch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally Washington’s bow swung decisively out
in front by a few feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From there on,
it was, as Gordy Adam would late say, “duck soup.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With four hundred meters to go, Washington
simply blew past the exhausted boys from Penn, like an express train passing
the morning milk train, swinging into the last few hundred meters with
extraordinary grace and power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last
twenty strokes, Shorty Hunt wrote his parent the next day, were “the best I
ever felt in any boat.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the finish
they were a full length ahead and still widening the lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they crossed the line, Bobby Moch, defying
the laws of physics and common sense, suddenly stood bolt upright in the stern
of his twenty-four-inch-wide shell, triumphantly thrusting one first into the
air. p. 282 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">110<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. How they won:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Al Ulbrickson also made a few, much briefer,
remarks to the press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When asked how he
accounted for his varsity’s success this year, he went straight t the heart of
the matter” “Every man in the boat had absolute confidence in every one of his
mates. . . . Why they won cannot be attributed to individuals, not even to
stroke Don Hume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heartfelt cooperation
all spring was responsible for the victory.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ulbrickson was no poet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was
Pocock’s territory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the comment was
as close as he could come to capturing what was in his heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He must have known, with a kind of certitude
that he felt in his gut, that he finally had in his grasp what he deluded him
for years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everything had converged; the
right oarsmen, with the right attitudes, the right personalities, the right
skills; a perfect boat, sleek, balanced, and wickedly fast: a winning strategy
at both long and short distances; a coxswain with the guts and smarts to make
hard decisions and make them fast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
all added up to more than he could really put into words,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maybe more than even a poet could—something
beyond the sum of it parts, something mysterious and ineffable and gorgeous to
behold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he knew whom to thank for
much of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Walking back to the
Princeton Inn that evening with George Pocock, the two men holding their suit
coats over their shoulders in the warm, humid twilight, Ulbrickson stopped
suddenly, turned abruptly to Pocock, and extending his right hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Thanks, George, for your help,” he
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock later remembered the
moment: “Coming from Al,” he mused, “That was the equivalent of fireworks and a
brass band.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 283-284 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">111<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. New York’s diversity:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They made their way through the throng,
fascinated by the thousand voices of New York—Italian-speaking mothers and
Spanish-speaking Puerto Rican boys, Yiddish-speaking grandfathers and
Polish-speaking girls, giddy children calling out to one another in dozens of tongues
and all varieties of English, their voices tinged with the inflections of the
Bronx and Brooklyn and New Jersey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
287 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">112<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Exploring New York:</b> As they explored
New York, they began to come, one by one, to a new realization about how things
stood for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Time Square one
afternoon, a tall, somewhat heavy man rushed up to Shorty, took a good look,
and said, “You’re Shorty Hunt!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
looked at the other boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You fellows
are the Washington crew, aren’t’ you?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When they assured him they were, he gushed that he had recognized Shorty
from a picture in the newspaper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
a former Columbia oarsman himself, he said, and after watching their recent
exploits he had decided to send his son west for college so he too might become
a great crewman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the first time
any of them really began to understand that they were now America’s crew, not
the University of Washington’s—that the W on their jerseys was about to be
replaced with “USA.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Joe, the moment
of epiphany came on the eighty-sixth floor of the new Empire State
Building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of the boys had ever
ridden an elevator more than a few floors in a hotel, and the rapid ascent both
thrilled and frightened them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ears popped,
eyes bulged,” Shorty Hunt wrote home breathlessly that night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe had never flown in an airplane, never
seen a city from any higher vantage point than that afforded by his own
six-foot-three frame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, standing on
the observation deck, he looked out at the many spires of New York rising
through a pall of smoke and steam and heat haze and did not know whether he
found it beautiful or frightening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
learned over the low stone parapet and peered down at miniature cars and buses
and swarms of tiny people scurrying along the streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The city below him, Joe realized,
murmured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cacophony of honking horns
and wailing sirens and rumbling streetcars that had assaulted his ears at
street level were reduced up here to something gentler and more soothing, like
the sonorous breathing of an enormous living thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was much bigger, more connected, world
than he had ever thought possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
dropped a nickel in a telescope for a better view of the Brooklyn Bridge, then
swept across Lower Manhattan and out to the distant Statue of Liberty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a few days, he would be sailing under her
on his way to a place where as he understood it, liberty was not a given, where
it seemed to be under some kind of assault.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The realization that was settling on all the boys settled on Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were now representative of something
much larger than themselves—a way of life, a shared set of values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Liberty was perhaps the most fundamental of
those values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the things that held
them together—trust in each other, mutual respect, humility, fair play,
watching out for one another—those were also part of what American meant to all
of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And right along with a passion
for liberty, those were the things they were about to take to Berlin and lay
before the world when they took to the water at Grunau.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 288-289 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heat Wave:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By July 9, New York City was baking in the
greatest heat wave in American history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For a moth, unheard-of temperatures had been searing the West and
Midwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the terrible summer of
1934 hadn’t been this bad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now the dome
of heat extended from coast to coast and far north into Canada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three thousand Americans would die of the
heat that week, forty of them in New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 290 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on muscle, hearts and minds as one
(Ch 16):</b> Good thoughts have much to do with good rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It isn’t enough for the muscles of a crew to
work in unison; their hearts and minds must also be as one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 297</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">115. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on harmony of heart and head (Ch.
17):</b> To see a winning crew in action is to witness a perfect harmony in
which everything is right. . . . That is the formula for endurance and success:
rowing with the heart and head as well as physical strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 321</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They come together:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet even as they fretted and fumed, something
else was quietly at work among Ulbrickson’s boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they began to see traces of tension and
nervousness in one another, they began instinctively to draw close
together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They took to huddling on the
float before and after workouts, talking about what, precisely, they could do
to make each row better than the one before, looking one another in the eye,
speaking earnestly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joking and horseplay
fell by the wayside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They began to grow
serious in a way they had never been before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Each of them knew that a defining moment in his life was nearly at hand;
none wanted to waste it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And none wanted
to waste it for the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All along
Joe Rantz had figured that he was the weak link in the crew. He’d been added to
the boat last, he’d often struggled to master the technical side of the sport,
and he still tended to row erratically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But what Joe didn’t yet knew—what he wouldn’t, in fact, fully realize
until much later, when he and the other boys were becoming old men—was that
every boy in the boat felt exactly the same that summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every one of them believed he was simply
lucky to be rowing in the boat, that he didn’t really measure up to the obvious
greatness of the other boys, and that he might fail the other at any
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>every one of them was fiercely
determined not to let that happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly, in those last few days, the boys—each in his own way—centered
and clamed themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Huddled on the
dock, they draped arms over one another’s shoulders and talked through their
race plan, speaking softly but with more assurance, accelerating their advance
along the rough road from boyhood to manhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They quoted Pocock to one another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Roger and Joe took walks along the shores of the Langer See, skipping
stones, clearing their minds, Johnny White took some time to lie shirtless in
the sun on the lawn in front of Haus West, working on a tan to complement his
Pepsodent –white smile but also thinking through how he was going to row,
Shorty Hunt wrote long letters home, purging his anxiety by leaving it behind
on pieces of paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And finally the boat
beneath them began to come to life again. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowing twice a day, they began to release what
was latent in their bodies and to find their swing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everything began to fell right again, so long
as Don Hume was in at stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Hume
seemed to be key.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As soon as Hume
returned, the tentativeness, awkwardness, and uncertainty they had felt when
Ulbrickson had taken him out evaporated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>George Pocock had seen the difference at a glance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All they needed now, Pocock told them on
August 10, was a little competition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
next day a British reporter watching them warned readers back home that the
boys for the Leander Club might just meet their match in the American crew:
:The Washington University [sic] eight is the finest eight here, and it is as
perfect as a crew can be.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 326-327 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Preliminary Race – Victory:</b> Still, the
British bow remained out in front of the American bow with 150 meters to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the American boys had found
their swing and they were holding on to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were rowing as hard as they had ever rowed, taking huge sweeping
cuts at the water, over and over again, rocking into the beat as if they were
forged together, approaching forty strokes per minute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every muscle, tendon, and ligament in their
bodies was burning with pain, but they were rowing beyond pain, rowing in
perfect, flawless harmony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing was
going to stop them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last twenty
strokes, and particularly in the final twelve gorgeous strokes, they simply
powered past the British boat, decisively and unambiguously,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The twenty-five thousand international fans
in the stands—a good portion of them Americans—rose and cheered them as their
bow knifed across the line a full twenty feet ahead of the British shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A moment later, Don Hume pitched forward and
collapsed across his oar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took Moch a
full minute of splashing water on Hume’s face before he was able to sit upright
again and help paddle the shell over to the float.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When they got there, though, the boys got
sweet news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their time, 6:00.8, was a
new course record.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, sweeter yet, it
was a new world and Olympic record, eclipsing California’s 1928 time of
6:03.02. When Al Ulbrickson arrived on the float, he crouched down next to the
boat and, with a cryptic smile, quietly said, “Well done boys.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe had never heard his coach speak in quite
that tone of voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There seemed to be a
hint of hushed respect in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost
deference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 331-332 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">118. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nazi terror:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there was a Germany the boys could not
see, a Germany that was hidden from them, either by design or by time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t just that the signs—“Fur Juden
verboten,” “Juden sind hier unerwunscht”—had been removed, or that the Gypsies
had been rounded up and taken away, or that the vicious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sturmer</i> newspaper had been withdrawn from the racks in the tobacco
hops in Kopenick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were larger,
darker, more enveloping secrets all around them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They know nothing of the tendrils of blood
that had billowed in the waters of the river Spree and the Langer See in June
of 1933, when SA storm troopers rounded up hundreds of Kopenick’s Jews, Social
Democrats, and Catholic and tortured ninety-one of them to death—beating some
until their kidneys ruptured or the skin split open, and then pouring hot tar
into their wounds before dumping the mutilated bodies into the town’s tranquil
waterways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The could not see the
sprawling Sachsenhausen concentration camp under construction that summer just
north of Berlin, where before long more than two hundred thousand Jews,
homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, and eventually Soviet prisoners of
war, Polish civilians, and Czech university students would be held, and where
tens of thousands of them would die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
there was much more just over the horizon of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They could see the sprawling yellow
clinker-brick complex of the AEG Kabelwerk factory just outside town, but they
could not see the thousands of slave laborers that would soon be put to work
there, manufacturing electric cables, laboring twelve hour a day, living in squalid
camps nearby until they died of typhus or malnutrition,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the boys walked past the pretty
synagogue at 8 Freiheit, or “Freedom,” street, they could not see the mob with
torches that would loot it and burn it to the ground on the night of November
9, 1938—Kristalnacht.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they peered
into Richard Hirschhahn’s clothing shop, they might have seen Richard and his
wife, Hedwig, at work on sewing machines in the back of the shop as their
daughters—eighteen-year-old Evan and nine-year-old Ruth—waited on customers up
front.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Hirschhahns were Jewish,
members of the congregation on Freiheit street, and they were deeply concerned
about how things were going in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Richard had fought and been wounded in the Great War, and he did not
think any harm would come to him or his family in the long run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I’ve bled for Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany won’t let me down,” he like to tell
his wife and daughters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, Hedwig
had returned recently from a trip to Wisconsin, and the Hirschhahns had begun
to think about trying to move there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had, in fact, some American friends stay in with the in Koopenick
that week, in town to see the Olympics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The boys might have peeked into the shop and seen all of them, but what
they couldn’t have seen was the night when the SS men would come for Ruth, the
littlest of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruth they would take
to her death first, because she had asthma and was too weak to work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rest of the family they would leave in
Kopenick to work as slaves—Eva in Siemens munition factory, her parents in a
sweatshop, manufacturing German military uniforms—until it was time to come
back for them too, in March 1943.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
the SS men would put Richard and Hedwig on a train to Auschwitz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eva would evade them, escape into Berlin,
hide there, and miraculously survive the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But she would be the only one, the rarest of exceptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like the Hirschhahns, many of the Kopenickers
the boys passed on the street that afternoon were doomed: people who waited on
the boys in shops, old women strolling around the castle grounds, mothers
pushing baby carriages on cobblestone streets, children shrieking gleefully on
playgrounds, old men waling dogs—loved and loving and destined for cattle cars
and death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 333-334 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sperm whale oil advantage</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Pocock, meanwhile, began applying a
coat of sperm whale oil to the underside of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper. </i>p. 337</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why eight-oared race is #1:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the final and most prestigious event of
the day—the eight-oared race—grew near, the crowd began to grow noisy once
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the rowing even that
nations boasted about more than any other, the ultimate test of young men’s
ability to pull together, the greatest display of power, grace, and guts on
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 338 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the champion’s reserve of power –
Ch. 18: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men as fit as you, when your
everyday strength is gone, can draw on a mysterious reservoir of power far
greater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it is that you can reach
for the stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is the way champions
are made. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The final victory:</b> Two seats in front
of him, Bobby Mock was still desperately trying to figure out what to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume still wasn’t responding, and as they
approached the twelve-hundred-meter mark, the situation was becoming
critical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only option Mock had left,
the only thing he could think of, was to hand the stroke off to Joe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would be a dangerous move—unheard of
really—more likely than not to confuse everyone with an oar in his hand, to throw
the rhythm of the boat into utter chaos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Moch had lost his ability to regulate the pace of his boat, and that
spelled certain doom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If he could get
Joe to set the rhythm, maybe Hume would sense the change and pick it up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any rate, he had to do something, and he
had to do it now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Moch leaned forward
to tell Joe to set the stroke and raise the rate, Don Hume’s head snapped up,
his eyes popped open, he clamped his mouth shut, and then looked Bobby Moch
straight in the eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch, started,
locked eyes with him and yelled, “Pick’er up! Pick’er up!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume picked up the pace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch yelled again, “One length to make up—six
hundred meters!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys leaned into
their oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stroke rate jumped to
thirty-six, the thirty-seven.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the
time the field charged past the fifteen-hundred-meter mark, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper </i>had eased from fifth to
third place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the shell house balcony,
down the course, Al Ulbrickson’s hopes silently soared when he saw the boat
move, but the move seemed to peter out with the boys still well short of the
lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With five hundred meters to go,
there were still nearly a full length behind Germany and Italy, over in lanes
one and two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Swiss and the
Hungarians were fading badly<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The British
were coming back, but once again Ran Laurie, with his narrow-bladed oar, was
having a difficult time getting enough of a catch to help power his shell
through the wind and waves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch
commanded Hume to take the beat up another notch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across the way, Wilhelm Mahlow, the cox in
the German boat, told Gerd Vols, his stroke the same thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirty-year-old Cesare Milani in the Italian
boat shouted the same directive to his stroke, Enrico Garzelli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Italy crept a few feet farther ahead of the
field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the Langer See narrowed down
into the home stretch, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i>
at last entered water that was more sheltered from the wind, protected on both
sides by tall trees and buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
game was on now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch eased the
rudder back parallel with the hull of the boat and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clipper</i> finally began to run free.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With the playing field more even, and Don Hume back among the living,
the boys suddenly started to move again at 350 meters, reeling the leaders in
seat by seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With 300 meters to go, the
bow of the American boat pulled roughly even with the German and Italian bows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approaching the final 200 meters, the boys pulled
ahead by a third of a length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A ripple
of apprehension shuddered through the crowd.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bobby Moch glanced up at the huge black-and-white “Ziel” sign at the
finish.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began to calculate just what
he needed to get out of the boys to make sure he got there ahead of the boats
off to his left, it was time to start lying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mock barked, “Twenty more strokes!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He started counting them down, “Nineteen, eighteen, seventeen, sixteen
fifteen . . . Twenty, nineteen . . .”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Each time he hit fifteen he reset bck to twenty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ina daze, believing they were finally bearing
down on the line, the boys threw their long bodies into each stroe, rowing
furiously, flawlessly, and with uncanny elegance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their oars smoothly , efficiently, the
shell’s whale-oil-slick hull ghosting forward between pulls, its sharp cedar
prow slicing through dark water, boat and men forged together, bounding
fiercely forward like a living thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The they rowed into a world of confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were in full-sprint mode, ratcheting the
stroke rate up toward forty, when they hit a wall of sound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were suddenly right up alongside the
enormous wooden bleachers on the north side of the course, not more than ten
feet from thousands of spectators screening in unison, “Deutsch-land!
Deutsch-land!” Deutsch-land!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sound
of it cascaded down on them, reverberated from one shore to the other, and
utterly drowned out Bobby Moch’s voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even Don Hume, sitting just eighteen inches in front of him, couldn’t
make out what Mock was shouting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
noise assaulted them, bewildered them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Across the way, the Italian boat began another surge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So did the German boat, both rowing at over
forty now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both clawed their way back to
even with the American boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch
saw them and screamed into Hume’s face, “Higher! Higher!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Give her all you’ve got!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody could hear him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stub McMillin didn’t know what was happening,
but he didn’t like whatever it was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
flung the F word into the wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joe
didn’t know what was happening either, except that he hurt as he’d never hurt
in a boat before—hot knives slipped into the sinews of his arms and legs and
sliced across his broad back with each stroke; every desperate breath seared
his lungs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fixed his eyes on the back
of Hume’s neck and focused his mine on the simple, cruel necessity of taking
the next stroke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony of Haus
West, Hitler dropped his binoculars to his side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He continued to rock back and forth with the
chanting of the crowd, rubbing his right knee each time he leaned forward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goebels held his hands over his head
applauding wildly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goring began thumping
Werner von Bomberg’s back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the
balcony next door, Al Ulbrickson, the Deadpan Kid, stood motionless,
expressionless, a cigarette in his mouth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He fully expected to see Don Hume pitch forward over his oar at any
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NBC’s Bill Slater was screaming
over KOMO’s airwaves in Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harry
and Joyce and the kids couldn’t make out what was happening, but they were all
on their feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They thought maybe the
boys were ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch glanced left, saw
the German and Italian boats surging again, and knew that somehow the boys had
to go even higher, give even more than they were giving, even as he knew they
were already giving everything they had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He could see it in their faces—in Joe's contorted grimace, in Don Hume’s
wide-open, astonished eyes, eyes that seemed to stare past him into some
unfathomable void.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grabbed the wooden
knockers on the tiller lines and began to bang them against the iron bark
knocker-boards fastened to either side of the hull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if the boys couldn’t hear it, maybe they
could feel the vibrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did. And
immediately understood it for what it was—a signal that they needed to do what
was impossible, to go even higher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Somewhere, deep down inside, each of them grasped at shreds of will and
strength they did not know they possessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Their hearts were pumping at nearly two hundred beats per minute
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were utterly beyond
exhaustion, beyond what their bodies should be able to endure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The slightest miscue by any one of them would
mean catching a crab, and catastrophe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the gray gloom below the grandstands full of screaming faces, their
white blades flickered in and out of the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was neck and neck now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the
balcony, Al Ulbrickson bit the cigarette in his mouth in half, spat it out,
jumped onto a chair, and began to bellow at Moch: “Now! Now! Now!” Somewhere a
voice squealed hysterically on a loudspeaker, “Italien! Deutschland! Italien!
Achh . . . Amerika! Italien!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The three
boats stormed toward the finish line, the lead going back and forth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moch pounded on the ironwood as hard and as
fast as he could, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">snap-snap-snap</i>
of the firing almost like a machine gun in the stern of the boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hume took the beat higher and higher until
the boys hit forty-five.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had never
rowed this high before—never even conceived of it as possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They edged narrowly ahead, but the Italians
began to close again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Germans were
right beside them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Deutsch-land!
Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land!” Thundered in the boys’ ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bobby Moch sat astride the stern, hunched
forward, pounding the wood, screaming words no one could hear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The boys took on last mighty stroke and
hurled the boat across the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a
span of a single second, the German, Italian, and American boats all crossed
the line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony Hitler raised a
clenched fist shoulder high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goebbels
leapt up and down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hermann Goring
slapped his knee again, a maniacal grin on his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the American boat, Don Hume bowed his head
as if in prayer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the German boat,
Gerd Vols toppled backward into the lap of the number seven man, Herbert
Schmidt, who had raised a triumphant fist high over his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Italian boat, somebody leaned forward
and vomited overboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The crowd
continued to roar, “Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land! Deutsch-land!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody knew who had won.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The American boat drifted on down the lake,
beyond the grandstands, into a quieter world, the boys leaning over their oars,
gasping for breath, their faces still shattered by pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shorty Hunt realized he couldn’t get his eyes
to track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone whispered, “Who
won?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roger Morris croaked, “Well . . .
we did . . . I think.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally the
loudspeakers crackled back to life with the official results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bow of he “American boat had touched the
line at 6:25.4, six-tenths of a second ahead of the Italian boat, exactly a
second ahead of the German boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
chanting of the crowd faded suddenly, as if turned off by a spigot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the balcony of Haus West, Hitler turned
and strode back into the building, unspeaking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Goebbels and Goring and the rest of the Nazi officials scurried in
behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the American boat, it
took a moment for the boys to understand the German announcement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when they did, their grimaces of pain
turned suddenly to broad white smiles, smiles that decades later would flicker
across old newsreels, illuminating the greatest moment of their lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 348-351</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">123. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the crew as a whole (Ch. 19):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where is the spiritual value of rowing” . . .
The losing of self entirely to the cooperative effort of the crew as a whole.
p. 353 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">124. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ulbrickson on his crew:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time Ulbrickson found his voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were, he said unambiguously, “the finest
I ever saw seated in a shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I’ve
seen some corking boatloads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 354</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">125. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Joe realized at last</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immediately after the race, even as he sat
gasping for air in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Husky Clipper</i>
while it drifted down the Langer See beyond the finish line, an expansive sense
of calm had enveloped him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last
desperate few hundred meters of the race, in the searing pain and bewildering
noise of hat final furious sprint, there had come a singular moment when Joe
realized with startling clarity that there was nothing more he could do to win
the race, beyond what he was already doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Except for one thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could
finally abandon all doubt, trust absolutely without reservation that he and the
boy in front of him and the boys behind him would all do precisely what they
need to do at precisely the instant they needed to do it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had known in that instant that there could
be no hesitating, no shred of indecision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had had no choice but to throw himself into each stroke as if he were
throwing himself off of a cliff into a void, with unquestioned faith that the
others would be there to save him from catching the whole weight of the shell
on his blade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he had done it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over and Over, forty-four times per minute,
he had hurled himself blindly into his future, not just believing but knowing
that the other boys would be there for him, all of them moment by precious
moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the white-hot emotional
furnace of those final meters at Grunau, Joe and the boys had finally forged
the prize they had sought all season, the prize Joe had sought nearly all his
life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he felt whole, He was ready to
go home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 355 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">126. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pocock on the things that last (Epilogue): </b>Harmony,
balance and rhythm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’re the three
things that stay with you your whole life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Without them civilization is out of whack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that’s why an oarsman, when he goes out
in life, he can fight it, he can handle life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That’s what he gets from rowing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 357 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">127. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The cost of victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Poughkeepsie was the last race for Roger
Morris, Shorty Hunt, and Joe Rantz.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BY
Royal Brougham’s calculations, done that night on a bar napkin, in four years
of college rowing, each of them had rowed approximately 4,344 miles, far enough
to take him from Seattle to Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along
the way, each had taken roughly 469,000 strokes with his oar, all in
preparation for only 28 miles of actual collegiate racing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those four years, and over the course of
those 28 miles, the three of them—Joe, Shorty, and Roger—had never once been
defeated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 359</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">128. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Last years in cedar wood:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his late years, after he retired from
Boeing, Joe immersed himself in his old passion of working with cedar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He hiked deep into the northwest woods,
climbed up steep mountain inclines, and scrambled over jumbles of fallen trees,
hauling with him a chainsaw, a peavey, a splitting maul, and assorted iron
wedges jammed into his pockets, in search of salvageable wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrestle the logs down from the mountains
and brought them back to his workshop where he crafted them by hand into shakes
and posts and rails and other useful items, and established a small and
successful business fulfilling order for his cedar products.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As he moved into his ninth decade, his
daughter Judy, and occasionally other family members, went along with him to
lend a hand, and to watch out for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 361-362 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">129. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The heralds of Hitler’s doom:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standing there, watching them, it occurred to
me that when Hitler watched Joe and the boys fight their way back from the rear
of the field to sweep ahead of Italy and Germany seventy-five years ago, he
saw, but did not recognize, heralds of his doom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He could not have known that one day hundreds of thousands of boys just
like them, boys who shared their essential natures—decent and unassuming, not
privileged or favored by anything particular, just loyal, committed, and
perseverant—would return to Germany dressed in olive drab, hunting him
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 368 </span></div>
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<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 107%;">Index</span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">America:
America’s Crew – 112, America – 112, Shared Values – 112 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Arête: 40,
96, 109, 110, 117 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Art: The
Goal – 36, 45, 53, Artist at work – 56, Joe like art – 61, Poetry in motion –
62, 82, 128</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Bears: 23 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Beauty:
11, 16, 53, 61, 82 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The Boat:
The boys that make it – 42, The team – 95, 110, 123, Trust the boat – 125,
Quality of the 1936 U. S. Crew – 97A</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The Boys: 42,
Stub McMillin – 59, Joe’s beauty – 61, Jonny White, all American Boy – 74,
Jonny White – 75, Jonny White, his father and his boat – 76, Chuck Day,
competition – 77, Stub McMillin – 83, Bobby Moch- 90, Bobby Moch’s Brain,
Determination, Chosen last for boyhood teams, School Work, Leadership -
90,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gordy Adam – 93, Don Hume - 93</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Books: 55,
103 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Boat
Building: 15, 16, Building the shell – 56, 82 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Campfire:
78 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Champion’s
reserve of power: 121</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Charlie
McDonald: 28, 53, Dead – 87 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Character:
42, 69 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Climate
Change: 49, 71, 113</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Coaching:
5, 6, 10, 38, 81, 85, 91, 96, 105, 107, 117, 124</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Competition:
77<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Coxswain:
67, 90</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Crested
Wheat Grass: Search for – 49 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Deceit:
122</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Delos: 97</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Depression:
3, 24, 26, 50, 51, 74, 93 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Difference:
All rowing jobs different – 39 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Diversity:
68, 68 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Doing Hard
Things Makes You Strong: 28, 37</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Dust Bowl:
33, 49, 65</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">East – v –
west: 47 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Eight
Oared Race, #1: 120 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Endurance:
31 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Failure:
Unacceptable – 59 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Faith: 125</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Father: 8 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Flying: 95
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Freedom:
64 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Friendship:
83, Necessary – 91, 100, 116</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Giving
more than you have: 122 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">George
Pocock: 15, 81, Helping Joe – 82, Speaks to Joe – 84, Pocock to Joe – 91, Thanks
to him – 110 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">George
Pocock’s Wise Sayings: Pocock on the Beauty of the Sport (Prolog) – 1, Pocock
on unseen values (Ch 1) – 2, Pocock on the growing of trees (Ch. 2) – 7, Pocock
on coaching, teaching, learning (Ch 3) – 10, Georg Pocock on overcoming
resistance makes you stronger. (Ch. 4) – 22, Georg Pocock on endurance- no time
outs (Ch.5) – 31, Georg Pocock on his goal to be a first-class artisan (Ch. 6) –
35 Georg Pocock on rowing with the head (Ch. 7) – 45, Pocock on harmony between
shell and crew (Ch. 8) – 52, Pocock on harmony between shell and crew (Ch. 8) –
57, Pocock on free – it’s got to be (Ch. 10) – 64, Pocock on what an oar’s man
feels (Ch. 11) – 70, Pocock—Be part of the boat (Ch. 12) – 79, Pocock on Rhythm
– Swing (Ch. 13) – 88, Pocock on Championship caliber of 1936 U. S. team (Ch.
14) – 98A, Pocock on swing = success = 4<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span></sup> dimension (Ch. 15)106,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pocock on muscle, hearts and minds as one (Ch
16) – 114, Pocock on harmony of heart and head (Ch. 17) – 115, Pocock on the
champion’s reserve of power – Ch. 18 – 121, Pocock on the crew as a whole (Ch.
19) – 123, Pocock on the things that last (Epilogue) - 126 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Golf on a
Log: 20</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Gymnastics:
29 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hard
times: 50 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hard Work:
To build strength – 76, In the cold – 86 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hard Things:
Good for You – 67, Work (cleansing) – 73, 85 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Harmony:
52, 91, Harmony, balance, and rhythm – 126</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">History:
Depression – 3, Depression – 24, Depression – 26, Dust Bowl – 33, Climate change
– 35, Climate change – 49, Dust storm – 49, Depression – 50, Depression – 51,
Dust Bowl – 65, Passivism – 66, Climate change – 71, Depression – 75, New York
Diversity – 111, Climate Change – 113 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Hitler’s
Doom: 129</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Humility:
96, 116 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Individuality:
60, Crew is not – 67, Good – 68 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Joe Rantz:
Gets up – 25, Grows strong – 27, Joe’s Beauty – 61, Gets a job at Grand Coulee
– 72, Jackhammer job – 72, Joe’s job – 73, Joe’s chance – 94, Gives his all –
125 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Learning:
10</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Liberty:
112 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Luck: 108 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Magic
Feelings: 70 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Mother:
Boys need – 84 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Muscles:
12</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Nazi
Atrocities: 80, 118 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Opportunities:
2, 9, Impediments – 42, Cedars no one wants – 53 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Own Way:
25</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Pain: 11, 12,
13, Joe knew how to hurt – 21, 44, 48, Pain = Beauty – 67, 104, Beyond pain –
117, 122</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Paradox:
Crew – 67 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Passivism:
66 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Price
Collapse: 24</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Psychology:
68 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Pulling
your weight: 57 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Race
described: Described – 44, Freshman victory – 48, The end – 104, Victory over
Cal – 109, Victory over Briton – 117, Olympic victory – 122 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Reading:
Pocock well read – 55</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Record
Time: 117 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Religion:
82</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Resistance:
Overcoming – 22 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Resources:
Using good – 51 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Reserve of
Power: 63 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Roosevelt:
Grand Coulee Dam – 51, His house – 103 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Rowing:
12, 13, 17, 39, Key factors – 40, 64, Why? – 84, Why Joe Rowed – 85, Right – 109
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Rhythm:
88<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Scent: 30,
53</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">School
Work: 99, 101 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Scouting:
2, Staff more important than Director – 39, Rowers like a Camp Staff – 39, Campfire
and wilderness adventure – 78, Singing – 91, Picking a Staff or crew – 96,
Singing – 100 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Shirtless:
78, 108, 116 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Singing –
92, 100</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Smoking:
“Good” for you – 4 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Socialism:
50</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Sperm
Whale Oil: 119, 122</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Sports: 53</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Stars: 8, In
the stars – 91, Among the stars – 91, 102, Race for the stars – 121 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Strategy:
40, Misdirection – 43, 46, 98 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Struggle:
Of life makes us strong – 82 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Success:
106 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Swing: 62,
63, 98 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Synergy:
28 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Teaching:
2, 10, 53, Teacher – 87 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Team
Building: 6, 14, 18, 34, Make up – 68, Make up – 69, 79, 81, 82, 85, 89, Trust
– 91, 110 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Team Work:
28, 60, 62, 73, 82, Like a symphony – 91, The boat – 93, Team Work – 95, 96,
102, 110, 116 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Tears of
Joy: 34 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Technique:
Catching a Crab – 19, 20, 39, Balancing act – 40, 45, 67 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Training:
Rules – 5, 54 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Trees: 7,
28, 53, Rings – 82, 128 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Tools: 56,
82</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Trophies:
44</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Ulbrickson:
5, Like Ahab – 58, 104, 123 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Unseen
Force: 56 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Values:
Unseen – 2, Unlikely places – 9 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Victory:
Final Olympic – 122, The cost – 127 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Weak:
Leave – 14, 18, 21, 32, 37</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Wood: 28, 53,
Reading the wood – 53, 56, 82, 128 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Work:
Working for money to pay for school – 53, To pay for college – 83, Earning
money for school – 93 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">Daniel
James Brown</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Boys in the Boat</span></i></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">New
York</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">Penguin
Group</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">2014</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 107%;">Paperback
</span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 60pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-25479420258061779252016-06-07T06:27:00.002-06:002016-06-08T18:53:52.326-06:00First Trip in - June 6, 2016On June 6th 2016, Leonard Hawkes, Andrew Crookston, Chris Barton, and I traveled into Loll for the first time of the season. The Forest Service has done some great work on the road. There was only one major wash-out. We got around it with little trouble. <br />
<br />
We were too eager to "get in" to spend much time taking pictures - however we did hit a snow drift on the last switch back. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5qHFGAXQxyMNi447wzSLI8zWuva0W9qHv_Z80PIKcaX4LoZ_LAAMNXzfZKPp5Cdcf8akyXn2FD0WLOz0KxbH7Vq8STVUYG7alGgWk9ieS6qYdn3pDkZV17rYwdGWW0gvau0hc/s1600/DSC_2593.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5qHFGAXQxyMNi447wzSLI8zWuva0W9qHv_Z80PIKcaX4LoZ_LAAMNXzfZKPp5Cdcf8akyXn2FD0WLOz0KxbH7Vq8STVUYG7alGgWk9ieS6qYdn3pDkZV17rYwdGWW0gvau0hc/s320/DSC_2593.JPG" width="212" /></a></div>
Chris and Andrew soon had the snow cut through.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrVpOWPcAEHA1Rl3i9SxEopwdOcDAAhj7BBhsNnNrxmaoRNz3W10AzMGXhDSv5mh3E1bycs7GjMow3dxYavbAdPNhyphenhyphenNxK9ISuZxGI6e7ZHLo8U8uAv0x6jebFsimnNc_vQSKH/s1600/DSC_2595.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnrVpOWPcAEHA1Rl3i9SxEopwdOcDAAhj7BBhsNnNrxmaoRNz3W10AzMGXhDSv5mh3E1bycs7GjMow3dxYavbAdPNhyphenhyphenNxK9ISuZxGI6e7ZHLo8U8uAv0x6jebFsimnNc_vQSKH/s320/DSC_2595.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
The crew arrives at the Parade Ground. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyv0_JKU3RoL86igyKxSbRnSTUwzlxkTHZFQf_6YcYjEkFqHT0L2Y6bwYJTqMA4KVTitEF3F2cam08013XLxWJWZiqTphrs2VWiIQNK3rNNBDhcw62g3cow5Fp0H_h1H4bbZUI/s1600/DSC_2600.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyv0_JKU3RoL86igyKxSbRnSTUwzlxkTHZFQf_6YcYjEkFqHT0L2Y6bwYJTqMA4KVTitEF3F2cam08013XLxWJWZiqTphrs2VWiIQNK3rNNBDhcw62g3cow5Fp0H_h1H4bbZUI/s320/DSC_2600.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
There is still enough snow for a quick ski. <br />
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Jody's fence makes it through the winter!!!<br />
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The Lodge looks great - inside and out!<br />
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Snow in the Parking Lot. <br />
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The "Kirkham" patch to the Old Dinning Hall looks great; as do all the old cabins. <br />
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Lots of snow around the Nez Perce KYBO.<br />
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There is a little damage to the Rifle Range, Leonard points to the problem. We've fixed much worse before. <br />
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The West End Bridge will need a little work. <br />
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Lots of snow on the "South Side". This is between Blackfoot and Hopi. <br />
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Moose track by Shoshoni campsite. <br />
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Still snow on the south shore. Swim-checks will be fun!<br />
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Having found Camp Loll in great shape considering the "ravages of winter" we headed home. It was time to take some pictures. <br />
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The Two Mile Road is wonderfully improved. The big boulders gone and the road bed elevated and crowned. <br />
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Once back on the Grassy Lake Road we made good progress - we did stop to remove our second tree of the day.<br />
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Nature Director Andrew on the chain saw.<br />
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At the ditch we found "disaster" a couple from Arizona had driven into the wash. They and a helpful passer by had been working on the situation for over an hour. We were able to provide tools and muscle and success.<br />
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As we found them.</div>
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Some time later. <br />
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And, out! It's always good to meet Boy Scouts in the Woods. <br />
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One of this Saturday's many tasks.<br />
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The Camp Loll Staff is headed in on the 11th. Wish us luck and send us your prayers.<br />
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<br />Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-32103376112652944332016-05-06T21:10:00.000-06:002016-05-09T20:30:04.116-06:00Kirkham Motor Sports - v - Grizzly Bears <div style="text-align: center;">
The Battle of the Bear Box - May 6, 2016 - West Yellowstone Mt. </div>
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Team One - Doug and Nick - Wolf as back up. <br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Great news for all; as reported by the Discovery Center on May 9th; The Kirkham Bear Box - The Camp Loll Bear Box - "passed the tests with flying colors."</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Sam - the 1000 lb. Alaska Costal Grizzly Bear. He don't get no Bear Boxing</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBEURpMLcqWtHj-leWr7wK3t9qEh2VM7rfoke8883dolGFj_OeXKQFV2cJPyqV0VlSEQzcrlgJ27HJ21s8vGLUeGTT25QUDZYOQUrEUoJyZihdDl01nnXo7s_LN__i5ZHMgEFq/s1600/DSC_2105.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBEURpMLcqWtHj-leWr7wK3t9qEh2VM7rfoke8883dolGFj_OeXKQFV2cJPyqV0VlSEQzcrlgJ27HJ21s8vGLUeGTT25QUDZYOQUrEUoJyZihdDl01nnXo7s_LN__i5ZHMgEFq/s320/DSC_2105.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
See a resemblance?</div>
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Ready for Action. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoynicGQgDAc5fS98T-2qCVsyHUIRxtu5ZQ98hlmNcjDDByGaIrQ2Th3pTMWgBQpnih3oLyZV8BjUpeeqtIxWV56OgMrtrt18TgAuseUlKSVLrS9Mi10zNf9nmT0Rh3C1HohFM/s1600/DSC_2133.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoynicGQgDAc5fS98T-2qCVsyHUIRxtu5ZQ98hlmNcjDDByGaIrQ2Th3pTMWgBQpnih3oLyZV8BjUpeeqtIxWV56OgMrtrt18TgAuseUlKSVLrS9Mi10zNf9nmT0Rh3C1HohFM/s320/DSC_2133.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Roosevelt finds his foe. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2Cox_7LKN2D_z2ZCN77fIzO-osx6cNVkAahSjfeKwGvmTH3a2zsjmD3lHn2GBa5HLC2BAob5CjtccUQAkO3PM8PLlfpdudZdi8yH_pnVLLlSCjXakGP-OWSa5WdbrvsRFwOv6/s1600/DSC_2136.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2Cox_7LKN2D_z2ZCN77fIzO-osx6cNVkAahSjfeKwGvmTH3a2zsjmD3lHn2GBa5HLC2BAob5CjtccUQAkO3PM8PLlfpdudZdi8yH_pnVLLlSCjXakGP-OWSa5WdbrvsRFwOv6/s320/DSC_2136.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Fight on. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzFgaSjzVrVtZgJ4bgL_4MlFFO6OPFSq2qI0s6tG9i8wqIoAFYqoAAfgWuvvRwQgRP69sArKvetR7vO8CEp4yde2jnX3wTl8dBGb4Hju_1FqyAtSVVfUUpCjVUgZDDj9ZvJss/s1600/DSC_2172.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzFgaSjzVrVtZgJ4bgL_4MlFFO6OPFSq2qI0s6tG9i8wqIoAFYqoAAfgWuvvRwQgRP69sArKvetR7vO8CEp4yde2jnX3wTl8dBGb4Hju_1FqyAtSVVfUUpCjVUgZDDj9ZvJss/s320/DSC_2172.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Into the pond, but not in the box! </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgBXsQLI0TOKLgRzRMB05GZNGpiLQAF1d8qU8AMjNuwSm_pRBwLGaW4ikVP7050Ore_o9zdACgh5Fn2WgHjvLXz1vOkMA5vbFzjZET7H9INfljxCrJxt6z0TGwyQH07uQ-MqTh/s1600/DSC_2341.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgBXsQLI0TOKLgRzRMB05GZNGpiLQAF1d8qU8AMjNuwSm_pRBwLGaW4ikVP7050Ore_o9zdACgh5Fn2WgHjvLXz1vOkMA5vbFzjZET7H9INfljxCrJxt6z0TGwyQH07uQ-MqTh/s320/DSC_2341.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
New Bear an Alaskan Grizzly - Kobuk the Destroyer. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeT6URz20MeWMMqkfqu0MiHKmx7WU9SbT6AimwVcHQI37SDqXwc1Ct0DzAjuEf_AuvdFrvnKEJZ7i9YiB371WEwAH71b2akBArlNBJW3AJsUGJB4nFYHdbclmFwBCbyT0Fi-no/s1600/DSC_2362.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeT6URz20MeWMMqkfqu0MiHKmx7WU9SbT6AimwVcHQI37SDqXwc1Ct0DzAjuEf_AuvdFrvnKEJZ7i9YiB371WEwAH71b2akBArlNBJW3AJsUGJB4nFYHdbclmFwBCbyT0Fi-no/s320/DSC_2362.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Not so fast. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrU0R95oNeAc6KTHZy6_5dg41eyjap3vqAebuako6vYIAfS7qgZKU-pi3ZCxCzZBYovZzmihkPxakv1WTwlEzia2Vx4HGNeOlR65czuisCpcPnN6IBWKWxHD63VgLPRCaxCB7/s1600/DSC_2372.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdrU0R95oNeAc6KTHZy6_5dg41eyjap3vqAebuako6vYIAfS7qgZKU-pi3ZCxCzZBYovZzmihkPxakv1WTwlEzia2Vx4HGNeOlR65czuisCpcPnN6IBWKWxHD63VgLPRCaxCB7/s320/DSC_2372.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3JNsLZ66tb0tmpzjCWf_lwXUgXIlR1j_slBNLv_-uQiGLJ5AMu1fw0JnUkjH2laURE2LsEEGQ_sDbDRuM3FvnaueklzzaioUcruA77XIPG6TvT7iVCswc0QbBfkJa_ynIY3sk/s1600/DSC_2385.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3JNsLZ66tb0tmpzjCWf_lwXUgXIlR1j_slBNLv_-uQiGLJ5AMu1fw0JnUkjH2laURE2LsEEGQ_sDbDRuM3FvnaueklzzaioUcruA77XIPG6TvT7iVCswc0QbBfkJa_ynIY3sk/s320/DSC_2385.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4hnTTNCNA9Wis7rarAJzj9fJGUBNmm-tqASXXMANEKuIm77EKe3HY5zdgvODeoLPnvkMn1pkeLTgocWO8HV7-Ike4juplVDj1y6KtDpWMjNZjgWUXjZiV5lcXNh25lkR2lGG/s1600/DSC_2347.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4hnTTNCNA9Wis7rarAJzj9fJGUBNmm-tqASXXMANEKuIm77EKe3HY5zdgvODeoLPnvkMn1pkeLTgocWO8HV7-Ike4juplVDj1y6KtDpWMjNZjgWUXjZiV5lcXNh25lkR2lGG/s320/DSC_2347.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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I'm out of here. </div>
<div align="center">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLbUYshatBntnx_RDoUFqGH0rYAZGohDhy2s_ZxJ60AO0rI5ve5DsxpZuCYisx0d8ew4SYoRV9xgjQsQFQizs5KgGuaXAaBCCWubYVyqLItoc8TfTQhG01GIvc60pkqtUEbtWX/s1600/DSC_2424.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLbUYshatBntnx_RDoUFqGH0rYAZGohDhy2s_ZxJ60AO0rI5ve5DsxpZuCYisx0d8ew4SYoRV9xgjQsQFQizs5KgGuaXAaBCCWubYVyqLItoc8TfTQhG01GIvc60pkqtUEbtWX/s320/DSC_2424.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
One more try. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia-G7dKDCGWjo5Hd2ZoONUjvOr00DdYweOPXJ9vUJsGGOlpCrQGxZG74J-3IZPNL-KKkNg-5MRSXswcJNMyS9HcYxH94xUu3ITf4wUrDxOEVRvVLHVSjaBY-jIk6DjVh3otBGM/s1600/DSC_2433.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia-G7dKDCGWjo5Hd2ZoONUjvOr00DdYweOPXJ9vUJsGGOlpCrQGxZG74J-3IZPNL-KKkNg-5MRSXswcJNMyS9HcYxH94xUu3ITf4wUrDxOEVRvVLHVSjaBY-jIk6DjVh3otBGM/s320/DSC_2433.JPG" width="212" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
If I can't take the box - I'll try a tree! He is biting chunks out of the tree!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNQm46HWEfnLImjqhNms5zV-GX4SEwlyzBi4n0GXEKmqLUSk-RLe8r-51z5QhhybBZWMOUui2s9ruSnej46p94QYJ0i2DMJNEcximWPbvQJN9LM5hYwaJhc0SQpkiXMPS5Y-3o/s1600/DSC_2434.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNQm46HWEfnLImjqhNms5zV-GX4SEwlyzBi4n0GXEKmqLUSk-RLe8r-51z5QhhybBZWMOUui2s9ruSnej46p94QYJ0i2DMJNEcximWPbvQJN9LM5hYwaJhc0SQpkiXMPS5Y-3o/s320/DSC_2434.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
One big push. "Told you I could do it. Now I'm headed in." </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqToxw68Z0f76QPppyqdsOh-hj49P4-q_TTf-c8Cr19EfpavgyQsgRxt6vkJWE9Gg0ZmBtcvxP4ob_SJ-vsMklOlg4qPwLkbZ8dUKcjMkHTyt39_8OwFNhai40gSMoFH7zn5jG/s1600/DSC_2440.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqToxw68Z0f76QPppyqdsOh-hj49P4-q_TTf-c8Cr19EfpavgyQsgRxt6vkJWE9Gg0ZmBtcvxP4ob_SJ-vsMklOlg4qPwLkbZ8dUKcjMkHTyt39_8OwFNhai40gSMoFH7zn5jG/s320/DSC_2440.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Round three - we're ready!!!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPv7A6HjZOPHxCYKNeUj0DPnOUK_WvkZ9W8o4jsy5UCbL_Tr3dinW502rRWKFItejhqP9BPBsB-bLDO-Jy7w1qWFSxqLyFEwxq6dnQSvJDIAuri_2YyW5dh79hgQSjX4GOU4uN/s1600/DSC_2472.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPv7A6HjZOPHxCYKNeUj0DPnOUK_WvkZ9W8o4jsy5UCbL_Tr3dinW502rRWKFItejhqP9BPBsB-bLDO-Jy7w1qWFSxqLyFEwxq6dnQSvJDIAuri_2YyW5dh79hgQSjX4GOU4uN/s320/DSC_2472.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Grant on the attack - 2nd assault. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_B8wkjhAiiyqPGpW5YoerZjPYwByM8cX1zArLz8SXUoUVhShjr6dtWtXK7hzwMZBoQPAM0_wLfhjl9bNf5T6eaTKVoqUkhyuD9UpAlhLL1QdP0Oy0Hun6JGiikEoHkqooLclc/s1600/DSC_2481.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_B8wkjhAiiyqPGpW5YoerZjPYwByM8cX1zArLz8SXUoUVhShjr6dtWtXK7hzwMZBoQPAM0_wLfhjl9bNf5T6eaTKVoqUkhyuD9UpAlhLL1QdP0Oy0Hun6JGiikEoHkqooLclc/s320/DSC_2481.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Well over an hour on the field - still can't get in. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgWOaEmFfj8Za4D7Avpzqk8DZz8gmkCH32XVpF6eQpDWiWBDn8j-VIoXpO8y9ua-63ra6Adl-gVtBTdgQzzVA4B7szqGPGHb5KH4Ed4JS7D2VWsx8eePGueuPM_E8faQ-J2da/s1600/DSC_2503.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipgWOaEmFfj8Za4D7Avpzqk8DZz8gmkCH32XVpF6eQpDWiWBDn8j-VIoXpO8y9ua-63ra6Adl-gVtBTdgQzzVA4B7szqGPGHb5KH4Ed4JS7D2VWsx8eePGueuPM_E8faQ-J2da/s320/DSC_2503.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Back in the pond - pile it on. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMBKl8UGOfu6qEdSOfmWYhm5_8lClLEhtL093AYPpdjLXayuLrzm1bzcoPutPlF_ueretmTYRJbjl7YZo8lwxVQJtEexByZA5JMXWM0qd4uGotmZubrknsc6vXNwLnNA9h9JFl/s1600/DSC_2556.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMBKl8UGOfu6qEdSOfmWYhm5_8lClLEhtL093AYPpdjLXayuLrzm1bzcoPutPlF_ueretmTYRJbjl7YZo8lwxVQJtEexByZA5JMXWM0qd4uGotmZubrknsc6vXNwLnNA9h9JFl/s320/DSC_2556.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
And out again. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN87gsvGEDJhJQLWNu4dHzw0d4y5VEvTXOuUfZVCZN6PueAqBCxzQQl86LHdmSjuWMSEdw5aDXqLtgz78S6yBo3mU233_hNCIIjYlK-f4DaxSbnTWqnzCh-MPoVZUXfIl6Jdyd/s1600/DSC_2557.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN87gsvGEDJhJQLWNu4dHzw0d4y5VEvTXOuUfZVCZN6PueAqBCxzQQl86LHdmSjuWMSEdw5aDXqLtgz78S6yBo3mU233_hNCIIjYlK-f4DaxSbnTWqnzCh-MPoVZUXfIl6Jdyd/s320/DSC_2557.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ah forget it. </div>
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The box was with the bears for 5 hours - One hour and 47 min. direct contact. No entry! </div>
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-38459210239389501452016-03-30T09:08:00.001-06:002016-04-07T00:52:49.875-06:00On Guard<span style="font-size: large;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">On Guard</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tenacious
but tender.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wild
beauty in balance;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Uncontrollable
but in need of care.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Power
in potential that</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Must
be guarded to be free.</span></div>
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<br />Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-21590900445878592782016-02-25T18:57:00.001-07:002016-03-01T17:21:55.512-07:00My Boy<div style="text-align: center;">
The teacher said, "paint a pop-art picture of a face." I picked one I love - I hope he'll forgive me. </div>
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-27910335252013095402016-02-17T21:41:00.002-07:002016-02-17T21:41:49.377-07:00JellyfishThis weeks project was a jellyfish. <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">I
found the process of creating the illusion of transparency particularly challenging.</span><br />
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<br />Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-28702255020350736502016-02-07T12:16:00.002-07:002016-02-08T17:53:08.284-07:00The Princess Bride <br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">I finally read the <em>Princess Bride </em>by WIlliam Goldman. I have been a fan of the movie for years. We watch it at camp, and use scenes from it for Camp Flag Ceremony skits. I enjoyed the book - but I must say that it joins <em>The </em><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><em>Scarlet
Pimpernel, </em>which we also use for skits at Loll, as a book that is NOT as good as its movie version. <span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">Goldman
constantly tries to inject his own life and opinions into the story, but he is
no Henry Fielding, in fact he is no L. Frank Baum. I got tired of trying to guess if he is lieing or not. In spite of all that t</span>here were some fun quotes:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Th<em>e Princess Bride<o:p></o:p></em></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">1. <strong>Farm Boy: </strong>Now the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">farm boy</i>
was staring back at the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Countess</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was feeding the cows and his muscles were
rippling the way they always did under his tanned skin and Buttercup was
standing there watching as the farm boy looked, for the first time, deep into
the Countess’s eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 57 <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Growing Love:</b>
“I love you,” Buttercup said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I know
this must come as something of a surprise, since all I’ve ever done is scorn
you and degrade you and taunt you, but I have loved you for several hours now,
and every second, more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thought an
hour ago that I loved you more than any woman has ever loved a man, but a half
hour after that I knew that what I felt before was nothing compared to what I
felt then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But then minutes after that,
I understood that my previous love was a puddle compared to the high seas
before a storm. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 58 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moby Dick</i>: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Me
again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of all the cuts in this version,
I feel most justified in making this one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just as the chapters on whaling in </i>Moby-Dick<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> can be omitted by all but the most punishment-loving readers . . . </i>pp.
83-84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On God Killing: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I don’t like killing a girl,” the Spaniard
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“God does it all the time; if it
doesn’t bother Him, don’t let it worry you.” [said Vizzni] p. 103<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Homeric:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I only wish we could stay for his grief—it
should be Homeric.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 104 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physical Strength
not Mental Ability:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When it came to
power, nothing worried him [Fezzik].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When it came to reading, he got knots in his middle of his stomach, and
when it came to writing, he broke out in a cold sweat, and when addition was
mentioned or, worse, long division, he always changed the subject right
away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 112 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mind of Vizzini: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the beginning, when as a child he
realized his bumped body would never conquer worlds, he relied on his
mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He trained it, fought it, brought
it to heel. p. 113<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Meaning of
Inconceivable: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He’ll never catch
up!” the Sicilian cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Inconceivable!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You keep using
that word!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Spaniard snapped, “I
don’t think it means what you think it does.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 114<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Climbing: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The man in black was, indeed, rising.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somehow, in some almost miraculou8s way, his
fingers were finding holds in the crevices, and he was now perhaps fifteen feet
closer to the top, farther from death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 118 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On a Father’s
Love and Love:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>He [Inigo] was
fantastically happy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of his
father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Domingo Montoya was
funny-looking and crotchety and impatient and absent-minded and never
smiled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inigo loved him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Totally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Don’t ask why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There really
wasn’t any one reason you could put your finger on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oh, probably Domingo loved him back, but love
is many things, none of them logical. p. 120 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friends Argue:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He [Inigo] knew they [Domingo and Yeste] had
been brought up together, had known each other sixty years, had never not loved
one another deeply, and it thrilled him when he could hear them arguing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was the strange thing: arguing was all
they ever did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 122 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">12. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Craftsman-v-Artist:</b>
“No. Not yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A craftsman only.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I dream to be an artist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I pray that someday, if I work with enough
care, if I am very very lucky, I will make a weapon that is a work of art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Call me an artist then, and I will
answer.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 125 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Domingo Becomes
an Artist: </b>Such a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One night
Inigo woke to find his father seated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Staring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Calm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inigo followed the stare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The six-fingered sword was done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even in the hut’s darkness, it
glistened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“At last,” Domingo
whispered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could not take his eyes
from the glory of the sword.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“After a
lifetime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inigo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inigo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I am an artist.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 130 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Capitalism:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>From all across the world they came,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>begging him for weapons, so he doubled his prices
because he didn’t want to work too hard anymore he was getting old, but when he
doubled his prices, when the news spread from duke to prince to king, they only
wanted him the more desperately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now the
wait was two years for a sword and the line-up of royalty was unending and
Yeste was growing tired, so he doubled his prices again, and when that didn’t
stop them, he decided to triple his already doubled and redoubled prices and
besides that, all work had to be paid for in jewels in advance and the wait was
up to three years, but nothing would stop them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had to have swords by Yeste or nothing, and even though the work on
the finest was nowhere what it once was (Domingo, after all, no longer could
save him) the silly rich men didn’t notice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All they wanted was his weapons and they fell over each other with
jewels for him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 134-135 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">15<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Inigo’s
challenge:</b> “Hello, my name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father, prepare
to die,” and then, oh then, the duel. p. 139<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Science and
Relativist Explanations:</b> “That explains it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actually, of course, it didn’t explain
anything, but whenever doctors are confused about something, which is really
more frequently than any of us would do well to think about, they always snatch
at something in the vicinity of the case and add, “That explains it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Fezzid’s mother had to come late, they
would have said, “Well, you came late, that explains it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or “Well, it was raining during delivery,
this added weight is simply moisture, that explains it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 156 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to Make a
Fist (As my father told me): </b>“Honey,” Fezzik’s father said, “look: when you
make a fist, you don’t put your thumb<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
inside</i> your fingers, you keep your thumb <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">outside</i> your fingers, because if you keep your thumb <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inside</i> your fingers and you hit
somebody, what will happen is you’ll break your thumb and that isn’t good,
because the whole objet when you hit somebody is to hurt the other guy not
yourself.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 158 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fighting One or a
Group: </b>Suddenly he [Fezzik] knew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
had not fought against one man if so long he had all but forgotten how.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been fighting groups and gangs and
bunches for so many years that the idea of having but a single opponent was
slow in making itself know to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because you fought them entirely differently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 170 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Donald Trump –
2016:</b> “I have already learned everything from you,” said the Sicilian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I know were the poison is.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Only a genius could have deduced as
much.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“How fortunate for me that I
happen to be one,” said the hunch back, growing more and more amused now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 178 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Classic
Blunders:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“Fool!” cried the hunch
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You fell victim to one of the
classic blunders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most famous is
‘Never get involved in a land war in Asia,’ but only slightly less well know is
this” ‘Never go in against a Sicilian when death is on the line.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 179 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Life Is Not
Fair:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And that’s when she </i>[Edith – Goldman’s wife]<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> put her book down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And looked
at me. And said it: ‘Life isn’t fair, Bill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We tell our children that it is, but it’s a terrible thing to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not only a lie, it’s a cruel lie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Life is not fair, and it never has been, and
it’s never going to be.’ </i>p. 237<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">True Love – Best
Thing – Except . . .: </b>“Sonny, don’t you tell me what’s worthwhile—true love
is the best thing in the world, except for cough drops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everybody knows that.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 315 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goldman on Baum: </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Well, it’s my conviction that this is the
same kind of thing as the Wizard of Ox sending Dorothy’s friend to the wicked
witch’s castle; it’s got the same ‘feel,’ if you know what I mean, and I didn’t
want to risk, when the books building to climax, the reader’s saying, ‘Oh, this
is just like the Oz books.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here’s the
kicker, though: Morgenstern’s Florinese version came </i>before<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Baum wrote </i>The Wonderful Wizard of Oz<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, so in spite of the fact that he was the
originator, he comes out just the other way around.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 319-320 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-83086051802517442962016-02-05T16:24:00.000-07:002016-02-05T16:28:49.878-07:00Autumn Treasure When we go back to Loll in September to "pump" and lock down, we find the beauty of the Fall filling the forest. The ash trees are orange, the snowberrys gold, and the Huckleberrys are fire red. There are some treasures of summer still hanging on: memories and big blue berries. The Huckleberry is the only fruit in heaven - where all things must be perfect. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwa5i7-1ln7ppnerRU9ya34qjl2Z-q33xy65xUBTjMZKboKu-eKKSmvrmNqyUrUiFGfpkY4e3-ScnO8z57b66JHwnAe1g3yO6ls2_u6ydHzgNd4PNW9dT5GZCCy19IWVZZcsHW/s1600/img20160205_15470125.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwa5i7-1ln7ppnerRU9ya34qjl2Z-q33xy65xUBTjMZKboKu-eKKSmvrmNqyUrUiFGfpkY4e3-ScnO8z57b66JHwnAe1g3yO6ls2_u6ydHzgNd4PNW9dT5GZCCy19IWVZZcsHW/s320/img20160205_15470125.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-38406542270602321472016-01-26T18:51:00.003-07:002016-01-26T18:53:23.758-07:00Water Color Memories<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">I’m
taking a Water Color Class and our first assignment was to paint a silhouette.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tried this one; based on a phot taken by Shad
Burnham.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Can you tell what it is? I h</span>ope you like it.</span></div>
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<br />Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-68984819370792200692015-09-20T10:01:00.001-06:002015-09-20T10:03:56.552-06:00Labor Day for Loll - 2015<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Loll does not end when the last scout leaves the Camp - not even with the departure of the staff caravan the following Monday. </div>
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That same Monday, our High Adventure Director - Wes Mathis, took seven Loll Staffers into the Tetons to learn the trail for next summer's Teton Crest High Adventure trek. Jon and Christian led Jordan, Ben, Parker, Jayden, and Kurtis through the Beauty of the Mountains and gave them the ability to share it with those they will guide in 2016. Thursday, Janice and I were in the Tetons ourselves to collect our crew. Bringing them safely home brought pride in their service and a final sense of relief at getting everyone safely back to their families.<br />
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The Camp Loll Committee and Alumni Association have long been planning the Labor Day weekend trip to Loll. Lynn Hinrich, Loll's Committe Chairman, and Kara Jones of the Alumni Association joined the Camp Loll Staff in putting together a great four days of service.<br />
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One on-going challenge for our Lodge at Loll has been the hot-water-heater vent. Every winter the snow and ice rip off the vent. A series of cutting blades and reinforced bunkers have all failed. This year, our Architect in Chief, has come up with the solution - moving the vent from the top of the roof to a safe hold on the side of the Lodge.</div>
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I was off pumping KYBOs when they did it but Lynn and Scott got the vent in, thirty feet up the lodge like magic.<br />
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Meanwhile the crew turned its attention to the "Girls Cabin" the old Kitchen and Dining Hall. Left to right - Russell, Chris, Justin, and Geoffery, join others in removing the damaged ridge line and replacing it with a beautiful new aluminum cap designed and crafted by Chris and produced at Kirkham Moters.<br />
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Eric is installing on the roof while Doug and Dave do the heavy lifting.</div>
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Russell holds the safety line. In front of Russell we see Lynn's second great effort of the weekend. Bracing for the "Girl's Cabin". The battle against the snow goes on. Loll will survive thanks to the love and labor of those who have served it so long and so well. <br />
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While Dave, Lynn and company were capping and bracing the building, and Klyn was off dumping the "first load", Jody organized a massive painting project. Russel and Justin helped sweep all three cabins and they were sprayed with a coat of Super Deck. Here is the Danger Lodge with it's new "skin". </div>
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Mean while a group of the service crew - including Janice and myself cleaned the bridges, sweeping them and digging the dirt build-up out of all the cracks between the the panks. Then Russell, Justin and Jody sprayed down the bridges. The one above is the Blackfoot Bridge. <br />
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Here is the bridge between Crow and Piute.</div>
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This summer, with the help of a very kind and skilled Scout Master, (he split the logs with a chainsaw) the Camp Loll Staff and the ACE participants built a new bridge on the way to the waterfront. It also got a cleaning and a coat of super deck.<br />
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Here is a close-up showing not only the half cut logs, but the "French Drain" put under it to keep the water off the trail.</div>
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Without question, one of the most important projects of the Labor Day weekend was pumping the KYBOs. Our great friend and hero - Klyn Josephson - drove his truck around the entire camp. All eight KYBOs and the Lodge Septic were pumped. Klynn took his 2300 gallon tank, "Bung Full" to the Rexburg Lagoon three times. Here, he and Geoffery run the pump.</div>
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While Klynn ran the pump, Justin, Russell, and a crew of young staffers - Dallis, Jordan, Aaron, and Spencer - packed the KYBOs with barrels and bear boxes, put all the trail logs back in place and winterized the lodge. Kara, Julie, and Janice made the wonderful meals we all shared, and hundreds of other acts of service were provided.<br />
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After Klynn had sucked the last bit of "pancake" out of the Lodge septic, we all headed home, leaving the camp in the care of several generations of Grovers. Always a good thing. The road construction was to begin on Tuesday. The leaves were just begining to turn. It is so beautiful there now!! Above some of our great helpers and friends stand by the side of Indian Lake - the lilly pads are just turning gold. By the way, it was Jordan's birthday. Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-61080313958836002432015-06-07T08:42:00.002-06:002015-06-07T08:44:57.026-06:00First Trip to Loll - 2015<br />
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Gibson Medow in bloom</div>
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We lost the vent on the roof of the lodge, again!</div>
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The road was in good shape, but here, at the entrence to Camp, some work to do. </div>
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Still some snow in camp.</div>
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Andrew Crookston in the woods. </div>
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At the Rifle Range. </div>
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More Snow. </div>
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North Bridge in great shape. </div>
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Pipe cover in place - good water!</div>
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Big tree down in Camp Navajo. </div>
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Snow in the trees, north facing slope. </div>
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South Bridge looks great. </div>
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Stage look great. Thanks Hansen cousins. </div>
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The Campfire Bowl in great shape, thanks David, Jody and crew. </div>
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A loon on Lake of the Woods. </div>
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Antoher "loon" Nick Kirkham, on the Lake,</div>
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and in the Lake. </div>
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Woodpecker hole in the lodge rail.</div>
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Chris Kirkham with Big Jud.</div>
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We'll call it a draw. </div>
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<br />Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-54790262117853457762015-04-27T16:10:00.001-06:002015-04-27T16:10:49.435-06:00The Fellowship of the Ring - Book II - J. R. R. Tolkien<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">The Fellowship of the Ring</span></i><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;"> – Book II – J. R. R. Tolkien<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Strength:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘. . . You were beginning to
fade,’ answered Gandalf. ‘The wound was overcoming you at last.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few more hours and you would have been
beyond our aid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you have some
strength in you, my dear hobbit!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As you
showed in the Barrow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was touch and
go: perhaps the most dangerous moment of all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I wish you could have held out at Weathertop.’” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 290 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Powers Greater
than Gandalf:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘. . . At
the moment I will only say that I was held captive.’ - - - ‘You?’ cried Frodo.
- - - ‘Yes, I, Gandalf the Grey,’ said the wizard solemnly. ‘There are many
powers in the world, for good or for evil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some are greater than I am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Against some I have not yet measured. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But my time is coming.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 290-291 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who the Rangers
Are:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Do you really mean that
Strider is one of the people of the old Kings?’ said Frodo in wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I thought they had all vanished long
ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I thought he was only a Ranger.’ -
- - ‘Only a Ranger!’ cried Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘My
dear Frodo, that is just what the Rangers are: the last remnant in the North
helped me before; and I shall need their help in the days of the great people.
The Men of the West.’” p. 291 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morgul-knife:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘They tried to pierce your heart
with a Morgul-knife which remains in the wound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If they had succeeded you would have become like they are, only weaker
and under their command.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You would have
become a wraith under the dominion of the Dark Lord; and he would have tormented
you for trying to keep his Ring, if any greater torment were possible than
being robbed of it and seeing it on his hand.’” p. 293<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Power of the
Elves – Glorfindel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Frodo] “‘What
about Rivendell and the Elves?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is
Rivendell safe?’ - - - ‘Yes, at present, until all else is conquered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Elves may fear the Dark Lord, and they
may fly before him, but never again will they listen to him or serve him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And here in Rivendell there live still some
of his chief foes: the Elven-wise, lords of the Eldar from beyond the furthest
seas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They do not fear the Ringwraiths,
for those who have dwelt in the Blessed Realm live at once in both worlds, and
against both the Seen and the Unseen they have great power.’ - - - ‘I thought
that I saw a white figure that shone and did not grow dim like the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was that Glorfindel then?’ - - - ‘Yes, you
saw him for a moment as he is upon the other side: one of the mighty of the
First-born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is an elf-lord of a house
of princes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed there is a power in
Rivendell to withstand the might of Mordor, for a while: and elsewhere other
powers still dwell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is power, too,
of another kind in the Shire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But all
such places will soon become islands under siege, if things go on as they are
going. The Dark Lord is putting forth all his strength.’ - - - ‘Still,’ he
said, standing suddenly up and sticking out his chin, while his beard went
stiff and straight like bristling wire, ‘we must keep up our courage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will soon be well, if I do not talk you
to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You are in Rivendell, and you
need not worry about anything for the present.’” p. 294<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elf-lord Revealed:</b>
“‘When the Ringwraiths swept by, your friends ran up behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Close to the Ford there is a small hollow
beside the road masked by a few stunted tress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There they hastily kindled fire; for Glorfindel knew that a flood would
come down, if the Riders tried to cross, and then he would have to deal with
any that were left on his side of the river.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The moment the flood appeared, he rushed out, followed by Aragorn and
the others with flaming brands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Caught
between fire and water, and seeing an Elf-lord revealed in his wrath, they were
dismayed, and their horses were stricken with madness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Three were carried away by the first assault
of the flood; the others were now hurled into the water by their horses and
overwhelmed.’” p. 295<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Wraiths Not Easily
Destroyed:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘And is that the end of
the Black Riders?’ asked Frodo. - - - ‘No,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Their horses must have perished, and without
them they are crippled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the
Ringwraiths themselves cannot be so easily destroyed.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 295<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Honor to Frodo: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘. . . Soon there will be feasting
and merrymaking to celebrate the victory at the Ford of Bruinen, and you will
all be there in places of honour.’ - - - ‘Splendid!’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is wonderful that Elrond, and Glorfindel
and such great lords, not to mention Strider, should take so much trouble and
show me so much kindness.’ - - - ‘Well, there are many reasons why they
should.’ Said Gandalf, smiling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am
one good reason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ring is another:
you are the Ring-bearer. And you are the heir of Bilbo, the Ring-finder.’” p296<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Last Homely
House:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Frodo was now safe in the
Last Homely House east of the Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That
house was, as Bilbo had long ago reported, ‘a perfect house, whether you like
food or sleep or story-telling or singing, or just sitting and thinking best,
or a pleasant mixture of them all’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Merely to be there was a cure for weariness, fear, and sadness.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 296-297<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam on Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Sam] “. . . ‘And Elves, sir! Elves here, and
Elves there! Some like kings, terrible and splendid; and some as merry as
children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the music and the
singing—not that I have had the time or the heart for much listening since we
got here.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 297<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Lords of the
West:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Elrond, as was his custom,
sat in a great chair at the end of the long table upon the dais; and next to
him on the one side sat Glorfindel, on the other side sat Gandalf. - - - Frodo
looked at them in wonder, for he had never before seen Elrond, of whom so many
tales spoke; and as they sat upon his right hand and his left, Glrofindel, and
even Gandalf, whom he thought he knew so well were revealed as lords of dignity
and power.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Gandalf was shorter in stature than the other two; but his
long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him
look like some wise king of ancient legend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In his aged face under great snowy brows his dark eyes were set like
coals that could leap suddenly into fire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Glorfindel was tall and straight; his hair was of shining
gold, his face fair and young and fearless and full of joy; his eyes were
bright and keen, and his voice like music; on his brow sat wisdom, and in his
hand was strength.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[Elrond] The face of Elrond was ageless, neither old nor
young, though in it was written the memory of many things both glad and
sorrowful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His hair was dark as the
shadows of twilight, and upon it was set a circlet of silver; his eyes were
gray as a clear evening, and in them was a light like the light of stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Venerable he seemed as a king crowned with
many winters, and yet hale as a tried warrior in the fullness of his
strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the Lord of Rivendall
and might among both Elves and Men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[Arwen] In the middle of the table, against the woven cloths
upon the wall, there was a chair under a canopy, and there sat a lady fair to
look upon, and so like was she in form of womanhood to Elrond that Frodo
guessed that she was one of his close kindred.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Young she was and yet not so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[Arwen was 2777 years old at this time.] The braids of her dark hair
were touched by no frost; her white arms and clear face were flawless and
smooth, and the light of stars was in her bright eyes, grey as a cloudless
night; yet queenly she looked, and thought and knowledge were in her glance, as
of one who has known many things that the years bring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Above her brow her head was covered with a
cap of sliver lace netted with small gems, glittering white; but her soft gray
raiment had no ornament save a girdle of leaves wrought in silver. - - - So it
was that Frodo saw her whom few mortals had yet seen; Arwen, daughter of
Elrond, in whom it was said that the likeness of Luthien had come on earth
again; and she was called Undomiel, for she was the Evenstar of her people.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp299-300<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo’s Seat of Honor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Such loveliness in living things Frodo had
never seen before nor imagined in his mind; and he was both surprised and
abashed to find that he had a seat at Elrond’s table among all these folk so
high and fair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though he had a suitable
chair, and was raised upon several cushions, he felt very small, and rather out
of place; but that feeling quickly passed.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 300 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gloin:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . next to Frodo on his right sat a dwarf
of important appearance, richly dressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His beard, very long and forked, was white, nearly as white as the snow-white
cloth of his garments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wore a silver
belt, and round his neck hung a chain of silver and diamonds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo stopped eating to look at him. - - -
‘Welcome and well met!’ said the dwarf, turning towards him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he actually rose from his seat and
bowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Gloin at your service,’ he said,
and bowed still lower. - - - ‘Frodo Baggins at your service and your family’s,’
said Frodo correctly, rising in surprise and scattering his cushions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Am I right in guessing that you are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the</i> Gloin, one of the twelve companions
of the great Thorin Oakenshield?’ - - - ‘Quite right,’ said the dwarf,
gathering up the cushions and courteously assisting Frodo back into his
seat.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 300<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Doings of the Dwarves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . Dain was still King under the
mountain, and was now old (having passed his two hundred and fiftieth year),
venerable, and fabulously rich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the
ten companions who had survived the Battle of Five Armies seven were still with
him; Dwalin, Gloin, Dori, Nori, Bifur, Bofur and Bombur. . . - - - And what has
become of Balin and Orin and Oin?’ asked Frodo. - - - A shadow passed over
Gloin’s face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘We do not know,’ he
answered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is largely on account of
Balin that I have come to ask the advice of those that dwell in
Rivendell.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 302 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Love for
Bilbo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Gloin looked at Frodo and
smiled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“you were very fond of Bilbo
were you not?’ he asked. - - - ‘Yes,’ answered Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I would rather see him than all the towers
and palaces in the world.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 303 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo, Frodo, and
the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . Slowly he [Frodo]
drew it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo put out his
hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Frodo quickly drew back the
Ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To his distress and amazement he
found that he was no longer looking at Bilbo; a shadow seemed to have fallen
between them, and through it he found himself eyeing a little wrinkled creature
with a hungry face and bony groping hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He felt a desire to strike him. -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- - The music and singing round them seemed to falter, and a silence
fell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo looked quickly at Frodo’s
face and passed his hand across his eyes. ‘I understand now,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Put it away! I am sorry; sorry you have come
in for this burden: sorry about everything. Don’t; adventures ever have an
end?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suppose not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone else always has to carry on the
story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, it can’t be helped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder if it’s any good trying to finish my
book?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But don’t let’s worry about it
now—let’s have some real News!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tell me
about the Shire?’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 306 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dunadan Defined:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i>
Dunadan,’ said Bilbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘He is often
called that here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I thought you knew
enough Elvish at last to know <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dun-adan</i>:
Man of the West, Numerorean’” pp. 306-307 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Words of
Elvin Songs Take Shape:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“At first
the beauty of the melodies and the interwoven words in the Elven-tongue, even though
he understood them little, held him in a spell, as soon as he began to attend
to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost it seemed that the words
took shape, and visons of far lands and bright things that he had never yet
imagined opened out before him; and the firelit hall became like a golden mist
above the seas of foam that sighed upon the margins of the world.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 307 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elves, Music, and
Stories:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘It <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is</i> difficult to keep awake here, until you get used to it,’ said
Bilbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Not that hobbits would ever
acquire quite the elvish appetite for music and poetry and tales.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They seem to like them as much as food, or
more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They will be going on for a long
time yet.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 312 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At the Council of
Elrond:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Elrond] then pointed
out and named those whom Frodo had not met before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a younger dwarf at Gloin’s side:
his son Gimli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beside Glorfindel there
were several other counsellors of Elrond’s household, of whom Erestor was the
chief; and with him was Baldor, an Elf from the Grey Havens who had come on and
errand from Cirdan the Shipwright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
was also a strange Elf clad in green and brown, Legolas, a messenger from his
father, Thranduil, the King of the Elves of Northern Mirkwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And seated a little apart was a tall man with
a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fair and noble face, dark-haired and
grey-eyed, proud and stern of glance. . . - - - ‘Here’ said Elrond, turning to
Gandalf, ‘is Boromir, a man from the South.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 315 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gloin on Moria:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Gloin sighed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moria! Moria! Wonder of the Northern
world!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Too deep we delved there, and
woke the nameless fear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Long have its
vast mansions lain empty since the children of Durin fled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But now we spoke of it again with longing,
and yet with dread; for no dwarf has dared to pass the doors of Khazad-dum for
many lives of kings, save Thror only, and he perished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At last, however, Balin listened to the
whispers, and resolved to go; and though Dain did not give leave willingly, he
took with him Ori and Oin and many of our folk, and they went away south. ‘ - -
- ‘That was nigh on thirty years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For a while we had news and it seemed good: messages reported that Moria
had been entered and a great work begun there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then there was silence, and no word has ever come from Moria
since.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 316 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Ultimatum to
Dain:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Then about a year ago a
messenger came to Dain, but not from Moria—from Mordor: a horseman in the
night, who called Dain to his gate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Lord Sauron the Great, so he said, wished for our friendship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rings he would give for it, such as he gave
of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he asked urgently concerning
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hobbits</i>, of what kind they were, and
where they dwelt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“For Sauron knows,”
said he, “that one of these was known to you on a time.” - - -‘At this we were
greatly troubled, and we gave no answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And then his fell voice was lowered, and he would have sweetened it if
he could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As a small token only of you
friendship Sauron asks this,” he said: “that you should find this thief,” such
was his word, “and get from him, willing or no, a little ring, the least of
rings, that once he stole. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is but a
trifle that Sauron fancies, and an earnest of your good will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Find it, and three rings that the dwarf sires
possessed of old shall be returned to you, and the realm of Moria shall be
yours for ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Find only news of the thief, whether he still lives
and where, and you shall have great reward and lasting friendship from the
Lord.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Refuse, and things will not seem
so well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do you refuse?” - - - ‘At that
his breath came like the hiss of snakes, and all who stood by shuddered, but
Dain said:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I say neither ya nor
nay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I must consider this message and
what it means under its fair cloak.” - - - ‘ “Consider well, but not too long,”
said he. - - -“ ’ . . . Twice the messenger has returned, and has gone
unanswered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third and last time, so
he says, is soon to come, before the ending of the year. - - - ‘And so I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have been sent at last by Dain to warn Bilbo
that he is sought by the Enemy, and to learn, if may be, why he desires this
ring, this least of rings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also we crave
the advice of Elrond.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>316-317 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chance Not
Chance:</b> [Elrond] “‘That is the purpose for which you are called
hither.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Called, I say, though I have not
called you to me, strangers from distant lands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You have come and are here met, in this very nick of time, by chance as
it may seem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet in is not so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Believe rather that it is so ordered that we,
who sit here, and none others, must now find counsel for the peril of the
world.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 318 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Making of the
Rings of Power:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“[Elrond] ‘. . . so
that all may understand what is the peril, the tale of the Ring shall be told
from the beginning even to this present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And I will begin that tale, though others shall end it.’ - - - They all
listened while Elrond in his clear voice spoke of Sauron and the Rings of Power,
and their forging in the Second Age of the world long ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A part of his tale was known to some there,
but the full tale to none, and many eyes were turned to Elrond in fear and
wonder as he told of the Elven-smiths of Eregion and their friendship with
Moria, and their eagerness for knowledge, by which Sauron ensnared them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For in that time he was not yet evil to
behold, and they received his aid and grew mighty in craft, whereas he learned
all their secrets, and betrayed them. And forged secretly in the Mountain of
Fire the One Ring to be their master.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Celebrimbor was aware of him, and hid the Three which he had made;
and there was war, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the land was laid
waste, and the gate of Moria was shut.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 318 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The “Last
Alliance of Elves and Men”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then
Elendil the Tall and his mighty sons, Isildur and Anarion, became great lords;
and the North-realm they made in Arnor, and the South-realm in Gondor about the
mouths of Anduin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Sauron of Mordor
assailed them, and they made the Last Alliance of Elves and Men, and the hosts
of Gilgalad and Elendil were mustered in Arnor.” P 319<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">26. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Elrond and His
Memory of the Great Victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Thereupon Elrond paused a while and sighed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I remember well the splendor of their
banners,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It recalled to me
the glory of the Elder Days and the hosts of Beleriand, so many great princes
and captains were assembled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And yet no
so many, not so fair, as when Thangorodrim was broken, and the Elves deemed
that evil was ended for ever, and it was not so.’ - - - ‘You remember?’ said
Frodo speaking his thought aloud in his astonishment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But I thought,’ he stammered as Elrond
turned towards him, ‘I thought that the fall of Gil-gald was a long age ago.’ -
- - ‘So it was indeed,’ answered Elreond gravely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But my memory reaches back even to the Elder
Days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Earendil was my sire, who was born
in Gondolin before its fall; and my mother was Elwing, daughter of Dior, son of
Luthien of Doriath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have seen three
ages in the West of the world, and many defeats, and many fruitless victories.
- - - ‘I was the herald of Gil-galad and marched with him host.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was at the Battle of Dagorlad before the
Black Gate of Mordor, where we had the mastery: for the Spear of Gil-galad and
the Sword of Elendil, Aiglos and Narsil, none could withstand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I beheld the last combat of the slopes of
Orodruin, where Gil-galad died, and Elendil fell, and Narsil, broke beneath
him; but Sauron himself was overthrown, and Isldur cut the Ring from his hand with
the hilt-shard of his father’s sword, and took it for his own.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 319<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Isildur Keeps the
Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Elrond] “‘It should have been
cast then into Orodruin’s fire nigh at hand where it was made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But few marked what Isildur did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He alone stood by his father in the last
mortal contest; and by Gil-galad only Cirdan stood, and I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Isildur would not listen to our counsel.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 320 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Effects of
the Last Alliance:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Elrond]
“‘Fruitless did I call the victor of the Last Alliance?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not wholly so, yet it did not achieve its
end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sauron was diminished, but not
destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His Ring was lost but not
unmade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Dark Tower was broken, but
its foundations were not removed; for they were made with the power of the
Ring, and while it remains they will endure.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 320<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cities and Towers
of Gondor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Elrond] “‘In the South
the realm of Gondor long endured; and for a while its splendour (sp) grew, - -
- Their chief city was Osgiliath, Citadel of the Stars, through the midst of
which the River flowed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And Minas Ithil
they built, Tower of the Rising Moon, eastward upon a shoulder of the Mountain
of Shadow; and westward at the feet of the White Mountains Minas Anor the made,
Tower of the Setting Sun.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>321 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Dream of the Princes of Gondor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘In that dream I thought the eastern sky
grew dark and there was a growing thunder, but in the West a pale light
lingered, and out of it I heard a voice, remote but clear, crying: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seek for the Sword that was broken: - In
Imladris it dwells: - There shall be counsels taken – Stronger than Morgul-spells.
– There shall be shown a token – That doom is near at hand, - For Isildur’s
Bane shall waken, - And the Halfing forth shall stand.’”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 323<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Poem for
Strider:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">All that is gold does not glitter, - Not all those who wander are lost;
- The old that is strong does not wither, - Deep roots are not reached by the
frost. - - - From the ashes a fire shall be woken, - A light from the shadows
shall spring; - Renewed shall be blade that was broken; - The crownless again
shall be king.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 325<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn Proclaims
His Birthright [He Is Not Hesitant to Be King.]:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I am but the heir of Isildur, not Isildur
himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have had a hard life and a
long; and the leagues that lie between here and Gondor are a small part in the
count of my journeys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have crossed
many mountains and many rivers, and trodden many plains, even into the far
countries of Rhun and Hard where the stars are strange.’ - - - ‘But my home,
such as I have, is in the North.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
here the heirs of Valandil have ever dwelt in long line unbroken from father
unto son for many generations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our days
have darkened, and we have dwindled; but ever the Sword has passed to a new
keeper.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 325-326<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Roll of the
Rangers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘And this I will say to
you, Boromir, ere I end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lonely men are
we, Rangers of the wild, hunters—but hunters ever of the servants of the Enemy;
for they are found in many places, not in Mordor only. - - - ‘If Gondor,
Boromir, has been a stalwart tower, we have played another part.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many evil things there are that your strong
walls and bright swords do not stay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You
know little of the lands beyond your bounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Peace and freedom, do you say?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The North would have known them little but for us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fear would have destroyed them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But when dark things come from the houseless
hills, or creep from sunless woods, they fly from us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What roads would any dare to tread, what
safety would there be in quiet lands, or in the homes of simple men at night,
if the Dunedain were asleep, or were all gone into the grave?’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 326<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Spies on
the Necromancer:</b> [Gandalf] “‘Some here will remember that many years ago I
myself dared to pass the doors of the Necromancer in Dol Guldur,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and secretly explored his ways, and found
thus that our fears were true: he was none other than Sauron, our Enemy of old,
at length taking shape and power again.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 328<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sauron’s Feign:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “. . . ‘Saruman dissuaded us from
open deeds against him [Sauron], and for long we watched him only.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet at last, as his shadow grew, Saruman
yielded, and the Council put forth its strength and drove the evil out of
Mirkwood—and that was in the very year of the finding of this Ring: a strange
chance, if chance it was.’ - - - ‘But we were too late, as Elrond foresaw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sauron also had watched us, and had long
prepared against our stroke, governing Mordor from afar through Minas Morgul,
where his Nine servants dwelt, until all was ready.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The he gave way before us, but only feigned
to flee, and soon after came to the Dark Tower and openly declared himself.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 328-329<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Hesitates
– Fear of Treason:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There I was at
fault,’ he [Gandalf] said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I was lulled
by the words of Saruman the Wise; but I should have sought of the truth sooner,
and our peril would now be less.’ - - - ‘We were all at fault,’ said Elrond,
‘and but for your vigilance the Darkness, maybe, would already be upon us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But say on.’ - - - ‘But I spoke yet of my
dread to none, knowing the peril of an untimely whisper, if it went
astray.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all the long wars with the
Dark Tower treason has ever been our greatest foe.’ - - - ‘That was seventeen
years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon I became aware that
spies of many sorts, even beasts and birds, were gathered round the Shire and
fear grew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I called for the help of the
Dunedain, and their watch was doubled; and I opened my heart to Aragorn, the
heir of Isildur.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 330<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How the Ring Can
Be Know:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘The Ring itself
might tell if it were the One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
memory of words at the Council came back to me: words of Saruman, half-heeded
at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I heard them now clearly in
my heart. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Nine, the Seven, and the
Three,” he said, “had each their proper gem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not so the One.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was round and
unadorned, as it were one of the lesser rings; but its maker set marks upon it
that the skilled, maybe, could still see and read.””<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 330<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Secret Hidden
in the Library of Minas Anor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . .
‘there lies in Minas Tirith still, unread, I guess, by any save Saruman and
myself since the kings failed, a scroll that Isildur made himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Isildur did not march straight from the
war to Mordor, as some have told the tale . . . that time also he made this
scroll,’ said Gandalf; ‘and that is not remembered in Gondor, it would
seem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For this scroll concerns the Ring,
and thus wrote Isildur therein: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Great
Ring shall go now to be an heirloom of the North Kingdom; but records of it
shall be left in Gondor, where also dwell the heirs of Elendil, lest a time
come when the memory of these great matters shall grow dim . . . It was hot
when I first took it, not as a glede, and my hand was scorched, so that I doubt
if ever again I shall be free of the pain of it. Yet even as I write it is
cooled, and it seemeth to shrink, though it loseth neither its beauty nor its
shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Already the writing upon it,
which at first was as clear as red flame, fadeth and is now only barely to be
read.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is fashioned in the
Elven-script of Eregion, for they have no letters in Mondor (sp) for such
subtle work; but the language is unknown to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I deem it to be a tongue of the Black Land, since it is foul and
uncouth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What evil it saith I do not
know; but I trace here a copy of it, least it fade beyond recall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ring misseth, maybe, the heat of Sauron’s
hand, which was black and yet burned like fire, and so Gil-glad was destroyed; and
maybe were the gold made hot again, the writing would be refreshed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But for my part I will risk no hurt to this
thing: of all the works of Sauron the only fair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is precious to me, though I buy it with
great pain.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>pp. 332<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sauron’s Power in
the Ring:</b> [Gandalf]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘. . . this
thing is indeed what the Wise have declared: the treasure of the Enemy, fraught
with all his malice; and in it lies a great part of his strength of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Out of the Black Years come the words that
the Smiths of Eregion heard, and knew that they had been betrayed: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find
them, One Ring to bring them all and in the Darkness bind them.’” </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 333-334 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foreshadowing the
Fate of Gollum:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“‘Well, well, he
[Gollum] is gone,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘We
have no time to seek for him again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
must do what he will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he may play a
part yet that neither he nor Sauron has foreseen.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 336 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meet Radagast the
Brown:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘. . . and not far from Bree
I came upon a traveler sitting on a bank beside the road with his grazing horse
beside him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Radagast the Brown,
who at one time dwelt at Rhosgobel, near the borders of Mirkwood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is one of my order, but I had not seen him
for many a year.’“<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">42<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. On Saruman and
Radagast:</b> [Gandalf] “‘For Saruman the White is the greatest of my
order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Radagast is, of course, a worthy
wizard, a master of shapes and changes of hue; and he has much lore of herbs
and beasts, and birds are especially his friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Saruman has long studied the arts of the
Enemy himself, and thus we have often been able to forestall him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was by the devices of Saruman that we
drove him from Dol Guldur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It might be
that he had found some weapons that would drive back the Nine.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 337 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saruman’s Trap: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Radagast the Brown!’ laughed Saruman, and he
no longer concealed his scorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Radagast
the Bird-tamer!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Radagast the
Simple!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Radagast the Fool!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet he had just the wit to play the part that
I set him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For you have come, and that
was all the purpose of my message.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
here you will stay, Gandalf the Grey, and rest for journeys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For I am Saruman, the Wise, Saruman
Ring-maker, Saruman of Many Colors!” p.339 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A New Time Is
Coming (Socialism):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Saruman] “‘The
Elder Days are gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Middle Days are
passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Younger Days are
beginning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The time of the Elves is
over, but our time is at Hand: the world of Men, which we must rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But we must have power, power to order all
things as we will, for that good which only the Wise can see.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 341-342 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saved by Radagast:</b>
“‘It would have been useless in any case to try and win over the honest
Radagast to treachery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sought me in
good faith, and so persuaded me. - - - That was the undoing of Saruman’s
plot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Radagast knew no reason why he
should not do as I asked; and he rode away towards Mirkwood where he had many
friends of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the Eagles of the
Mountains went far and wide, and they saw many things: the gathering of wolves
and the mustering of Orcs; and the Nine Riders going hither and thither in the
lands; and they heard news of the escape of Gollum,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And they sent a messenger to bring these
tiding to me. - - - ‘So it was that when summer waned, there came a night of
moon, and Gwaihir the Windlord, swiftest of the Great Eagles, came unlooked-for
to Orthanc; and he found me standing on the pinnacle,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then I spoke to him and he bore me away,
before Saruman was aware.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was far from
Isengard, ere the wolves and orcs issued from the gate to pursue me.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 343<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bombadil Was
First – So Says Elrond:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Elrond] “‘.
. .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had forgotten Bombadil, if indeed
this is still the same that walked the woods and hills long ago, and even then
he was older than the old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was not
them his name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Iarwain Ben-adar we
called him, oldest and fatherless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
many another name he has since been given by the other folk:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Forn by the Dwarves, Orald by the Northern
Men, and other names beside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is a
strange creature, but maybe I should have summoned him to our Council.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 348<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom’s Power:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Could we not still send messages to him
[Tom] and obtain his help?’ asked Erestor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘It seems that he has a power even over the Ring.’ - - - ‘No, I should
not put it so,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Say
rather that the Ring has no power over him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He is his own master.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he
cannot alter the Ring itself, nor break its power over others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now he is withdrawn into a little land,
within bounds that he has set, though none can see them, waiting perhaps for a
change of days, and he will not step beyond them.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 348 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Power of the
Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I know little of Iarwain
save the name,’ said Galdor; ‘but Glorfindel, I think, is right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Power to defy our Enemy is not in him, unless
such power is in the earth itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
yet we see Sauron can torture and destroy the very hills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What power still remains lies with us, here
in Imladris, or with Cirdan at the Havens, or in Lorien.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But have they the strength, have we here the
strength to withstand the Enemy, the coming of Sauron at the last, when all
else is overthrown?’ - - - ‘I have not the strength,’ said Elrond; ‘neither
have they.’” pp. 348-349 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Duty to Destroy
the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Not safe for ever [in
the sea],’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘There are many
things in the deep waters; and seas and lands may change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it is not our part here to take thought
ony for a season, or for a few lives of Men, or for a passing age of the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We should seek a final end of
this menace, even if we do not hope to make one.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 349 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Danger of the
Ring – Nothing Evil at First:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[Boromir] “’Let the Ring be your weapon, if it has such power as you
say, take it and go forth to victory!’ - - - ‘Alas, no,’ said Elrond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘We cannot use the Ruling Ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It belongs to Sauron and was made by him
alone, and is altogether evil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its
strength, Boromir, is too great for anyone to wield at will, save only those
who have already a great power of their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But for them it holds an even deadlier peril.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The very desire of it corrupts the heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consider Saruman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If any of the Wise should with this Ring
overthrow the Lord of Mordor, using his own arts, he would then set himself on
Sauron’s throne, and yet another Dark Lord would appear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that is another reason why the Ring
should be destroyed: as long as it is in the world it will be a danger even to
the Wise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For nothing is evil in the
beginning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even Sauron was not so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I fear to take the Ring to hide it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will not take the ring to wield it.’ - - -
‘Nor I,’ said Gandalf.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 350-351 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Fate of
Durin’s Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Balin will find no
ring in Moria,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Thror
gave it to Thrain his son, but not Thrain to Thorin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was taken with torment from Thrain in the
dungeons of Dol Guldur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I came too
late.’” p. 351<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Three Elvin
Rings:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘The Three were not made by
Sauron, nor did he ever touch them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
of them it is not permitted to speak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So
much only in this hour of doubt I may now say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are not idle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they were
not made as weapons of war or conquest: that is not their power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those who made them did not desire strength
or domination or hoarded wealth, but understanding, making, and healing, to
preserve all things unstained’ . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘But what then would happen, if the Ruling Ring were destroyed, as you
counsel?’ asked Gloin. - - - ‘We know not for certain,’ answered Elrond
sadly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Some hope that the Three Rings,
which Sauron has never touched, would then become free, and their rulers might
heal the hurts of the world that he has wrought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But maybe when the One has gone, the Three
will fail, and many fair things will fade and be forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is my belief. - - - Yet all the Elves
are willing to endure this chance,’ said Glorfindel, ‘if by it the power of
Sauron may be broken, and the fear of his dominion be taken away for
ever.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 352<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saron’s Flaw:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] “‘. . . let folly be our cloak, a
veil before the eyes of the Enemy!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
he is very wise, and weighs all things to a nicety in the scales of his
malice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the only measure that he
knows is desire, desire for power; and so he judges all hearts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Into his heart the thought will not enter
that any will refuse it, that having the Ring we may seek to destroy it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we seek this, we shall put him out of
reckoning.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 352-353<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo the Hero –
Again!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Small Hands: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Elrond] “‘The road must be trod, but it will
be very hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And neither strength nor
wisdom will carry us far upon it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
quest may be attempted by the weak with as much hope as the strong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet such is oft the course of deeds that move
the wheels of the world: small hands do them because they must, while the eyes
of the great are elsewhere.’ - - - ‘Very well, very well, Master Elrond!” said
Bilbo suddenly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Say no more!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is plain enough what you are pointing at.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo the silly hobbit started this affair,
and Bilbo had better finish it, or himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was very comfortable here, and getting on with my book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you want to know, I am just writing an
ending for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had thought of putting:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and he lived happily ever afterwards to
the end of his days.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a good ending,
and none the worse for having been used before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now I shall have to alter that: it does not look like coming true; and
anyway there will evidently have to be several more chapters, if I live to
write them. It is a frightful nuisance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When ought I to start? - - - Boromir looked in surprise at Bilbo, but
the laughter died on his lips when he saw that all the others regarded the old
hobbit with grave respect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only Gloin
smiled, but his smile came from old memories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Of course, my dear Bilbo,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘If you had really started this affair, you
might be expected to finish it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you
know well enough now that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">starting</i> is
too great a claim for any, and that only a small part is played in great deeds
by any hero.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 353 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Choice
and the Limits of Knowledge:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘. . .
At last with an effort he [Frodo] spoke, and wondered to hear his own words, as
if some other will was using his small voice. - - - ‘I will take the Ring,’ he
said, ‘though I do not know the way.’ - - - ‘Elrond raised his eyes and looked
at him, and Frodo felt his heart pierced by the sudden keenness of the glance.
‘If I understand aright all that I have heard he said, ‘I think that this task
is appointed for you, Frodo; and that if you do not find a way, no one
will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the hour of the
Shire-folk, when they arise from their quiet fields to shake the towers and
counsels of the great.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who of all the
Wise could have foreseen it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or, if they
are wise, why should they expect to know it, until the hour has struck? - - -
‘But it is a heavy burden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So heavy that
none could lay it on another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not
lay it on you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if you take it
freely, I will say that your choice is right; and thought all the mighty
elf-friend of old, Hador, and Hurin, and Thrin, and Beren himself were
assembled together, your seat should be among them.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 354-355 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam Also
Volunteers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘But you won’t send him
off alone surely, Master?’ cried Sam, unable to contain himself any longer, and
jumping up from the corner where he had been quietly sitting on the floor. - -
- ‘No indeed!’ said Elrond, turning towards him with a smile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You at least shall go with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is hardly possible to separate you from
hi, even when he is summoned to a secret council and you are not.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 355 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merry and
Pippen’s Determination:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I don’t
wonder,’ said Merry, ‘and I wish you could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But we are envying Sam, not you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you have to go, then it will be a punishment for any of us to be left
behind. Even in Rivendell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have come
a long way with you and been through some stiff times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We want to go on.’” p. 356 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Calling of
the Nine Walkers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘The Company of
the Ring shall be Nine; and the Nine Walkers shall be set against the Nine
Riders that hare evil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With you and your
faithful servant, Gandalf will go; for this shall be his great ask, and maybe
the end of his labors.’ - - - ‘For the rest, they shall represent the other
Free Peoples of the World: Elves, Dwarves, and Men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Legolas shall be for the Elves; and Gimli son
of Gloin for the Dwarves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
willing to go at least to the passes of the Mountains, and maybe beyond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For men you shall have Aragorn son of
Arathorn, for the Ring of Isildur concerns him closely.’ - - - . . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Boromir will also be in the Company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is a valiant man.’ - - - ‘There remain two
more to be found,’ said Elrond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘These I
will consider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of my household I may
find some that it seems good to me to send.’ - - - ‘But that will leave no
place for us!’ cried Pippen in dismay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘We don’t want to be left behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We want to go with Frodo.’ - - - ‘That is because you do not understand
and cannot imagine what lies ahead,’ said Elrond. - - - ‘Neither does Frodo,’
said Gandalf, unexpectedly supporting Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Nor do any of us see clearly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is true that if these hobbits understood the danger, they would not dare to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they would still wish to go, or
wish that they dared, and be shamed and unhappy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think Elrond, that in this matter it would
be well to trust rather to their friendship than to great wisdom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even if you choose for us an elf-lord, such
as Glorfindel, he could not storm the Dark Tower, nor open the road to the Fire
by the power that is in him.’ - - - ‘You speak gravely,’ said Elrond, ‘but I am
in doubt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Shire, I forebode, is not
free now from peril; and these two I had thought to send back there as
messengers, to do what they could, according to the fashion of their country,
to warn the people of their danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
any case, I judge that the younger of these two, Pergrin Took, should remain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My heart is against his going.’ - - - ‘Then,
Master Elrond, you will have to lock me in prison, or send me home tied in a
sack,’ said Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘For otherwise I
shall follow the Company.’ - - - ‘Let it be so then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You shall go,’ said Elrond, and he
sighed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Now the tale of Nine is
filled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In seven days the Company must
depart.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 361-362<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Gifts to
Frodo: Sting and the Mail Coat:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘He
[Bilbo] took from the box a small sword in an old shabby leathern
scabbard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he drew it, and its
polished and well-tended blade glittered suddenly, cold and bright.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘This is Sting,’ he said, and thrust it with
little effort deep into a wooden beam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Take it, if you like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I shan’t
want it again, I expect.’ - -- Frodo accepted it gratefully. - - - ‘Also there
is this!’ said Bilbo, bringing out a parcel which seemed to be rather heavy for
its size.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He unwound several folds of
old cloth, and held up a small shirt of mail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was close-woven of many rings, as supple almost as linen, cold as
ice, and harder than steel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It shone
like moonlit silver, and was studded with white gems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With it was a belt of pearl and crystal. - -
-‘It’s a pretty thing, isn’t it?’ said Bilbo, moving it in the light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘And useful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is my dwarf-mail that Thorin gave me,’ . . . - - - I cannot thank you
as I should, Bilbo, for this, and for all you past kindnesses,’ said Frodo.”
pp. 363-364 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">60.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Virtue of the Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There is a wholesome air about Hollin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much evil must befall a country before it
wholly forgets the Elves, if once they dwelt there.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - ‘That is true,’ said Legolas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But the Elves of this land were of a race
strange to us of the sylvan folk, and the trees and the grass do not now
remember them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only I hear the stones
lament them: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deep they delved us, fair
they wrought us, high they builded us; but they are gone.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They sought the Havens long ago.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 371 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Wants to
Go through Moria:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘ . . . there is another way, and not by the
pass of Caradhras: the dark and secret way that we have spoken of.’
[Aragorn]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But let us not speak of it
again!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not yet. Say nothing to the
others, I beg, not until it is plain that there is no other way’ . . . He
[Frodo] was relieved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He could not guess
what was the other dark and secret way, but the very mention of it had seemed
to fill Aragorn with dismay, and Frodo was glad that it had been
abandoned.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 375 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evils Older than
Saron:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There are many evil and
unfriendly things in the world that have little love for those that go on two
legs, and yet are not in league with Sauron, but have purposed of their
own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>have been in the world longer than he.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 378 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elves over Snow:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Legolas watched them for a while with a
smile upon his lips, and then he turned to the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The strongest must seek a way, say you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I say: let a ploughman plough, but choose
an otter for swimming, and for running light over grass and leaf, or over
snow—an Elf.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With that he sprang forth
nimbly, and then Frodo noticed as if for the first time, though he had long
know it, that the Elf had no boots, but wore only light shoes, as he always
did, and his feet made little imprint in the snow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - ‘Farwell!’ he said to Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I go to find the Sun!’ Then swift as a
runner over firm sand he shot away, and quickly overtaking the toiling men,
with a wave of his had he passed them, and sped into the distance, and vanished
round the rocky turn.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 381-382 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf on Moria:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There is a way that we may attempt,’ said
Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I thought from the beginning,
when first I considered this journey, that we should try it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it is not a pleasant way, and I have not
spoken of it to the Company before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Aragorn was against it, until the pass over the mountains had at least
been tried.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 385-386 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Beware:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“ ‘ . . . who will follow me, if I lead you there [Moria] ?’” - - - ‘I
will,’ said Gimli eagerly. - - - ‘I will,’ said Aragorn heavily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You followed my lead almost to disaster in
the snow, and have said no word of blame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I will follow your lead now—if that’s last warning does not move
you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not the Ring, nor of us
others that I am thinking now, but of you, Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I say to you: if you pass the doors of Moria,
beware!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 388 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">66. Inscription on the Doors:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘The words are in the elven-tongue of the
West of Middle-earth in the Elder Days,’ answered Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But they do not say anything of importance
to us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They say only:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Doors of Durin, Lord of Moria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speak,
friend, and enter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>And underneath
small and faint is written: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I, Narvi,
made them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Celebrimbor of Hollin drew
these signs. - - - </i>‘What does it mean by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">speak, friend, and enter?’</i> asked Merry. - - - ‘That is plain
enough,’ said Gimli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘If you are a
friend, speak the password,. And the doors will open, and you can enter.’” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Answer to the
Riddle – Thanks to Merry:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“With a
suddenness that startled them all the wizard sprang to his feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was laughing!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I have it!’ he cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Of course, of course!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Absurdly simple, like most riddles when you see
the answer.’ - - - Picking up his staff he stood before the rock and said in a
clear voice: ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mellon!’</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . ‘I was wrong after all,’ said Gandalf,
‘and Gimli too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Merry, of all people,
was on the right track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The opening word
was inscribed on the archway all the time!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The translation should have been:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Say “Friend”</i> and enter.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 401-402<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam Frees Frodo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Out from the water a long sinuous tentacle
had crawled; it was pale-green and luminous and wet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its fingered end had hold of Frodo’s foot,
and was dragging him into the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sam
on his knees was now slashing at it with a knife. - - - The arm let go of
Frodo, and Sam pulled him away, crying out for help.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 402 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn on
Gandalf:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Do not be afraid!’ said
Aragorn . . . ‘ Do not be afraid! I have been with him on many a journey, if
never on one so dark; and there are tales of Rivendell of greater deeds of his
than any that I have seen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He will not
go astray—if there is any path to find.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He has led us in here against our fears, but he will lead us out again,
at whatever cost to himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is surer
of finding the way home in a blind night then the cats of Queen
Beruthiel.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 405<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">70<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Gollum’s Foot
Falls:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Yet Frodo began to hear, or
to imagine that he heard, something else: like the faint fall of soft bare
feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was never loud enough, or near
enough, for him to feel certain that he heard it; but once it had started it
never stopped, while the Company was moving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But it was not an echo, for when they halted it pattered on for a little
all by itself, and then grew still.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
407 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">71<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Let the Guide Go
First:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘One of you might have
fallen in and still be wondering when you were going to strike the bottom,’
said Aragorn to Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Let the Guide go
first while you have one.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 408 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">72<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Gandalf Let Them
Sleep:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The last thing that Pippin
saw, as sleep took him, was a dark glimpse of the old wizard huddled on the
floor, shielding a glowing chip in his gnarled hands between his knees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The flicker for a moment showed his sharp
nose, and the puff of smoke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - It
was Gandalf who roused them all from sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had sat and watched all alone for about six hours, and had let the
others rest.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 409 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">73<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. On Mithril and
Bilbo’s Mail-shirt:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’Then what do
the dwarves want to come back for?’ asked Sam. - - - For <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mithril</i>.’ Answered Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘The wealth of Moria was not in gold and jewels, the toys of the
Dwarves; nor in iron, their servant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Such things they found here, it is true, especially iron; but they did
not need to delve for them:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>all things
that they desired they could obtain in traffic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For here alone in the world was found Moria –silver or true-silver as
some have called it: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mithril</i> is the
Elvish name. - - -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lodes lead away
north towards Caradhras, and down to darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Dwarves tell no tale; but even as mithril was the foundation of
their wealth, so also it was their destruction: they delved too greedily and
too deep, and disturbed that from which they fled, Durin’s Bane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of what they brought to light the Orcs have
gathered nearly all, and given it in tribute to Sauron, who covets it. - - - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mithril!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All folk desire it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It could be
beaten like copper, and polished like glass; and the Dwarves could make of it a
metal, light and yet harder than tempered steel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its beauty was like to that of common silver,
but the beauty of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mithril</i> did not
tarnish or grow dim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Elves dearly
loved it, and among many uses they made of it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ithildin</i>, starmoon, which you saw upon the doors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo had a corslet of mithril-rings that
Thorin gave him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wonder what has
become of it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gathering dust still in
Michel Delving Museum, I suppose.’ - - - ‘What?’ cried Gimli, startled out of
his silence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘A corslet of
Moria-silver?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was a kingly gift!’ -
- - ‘Yes,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I never told
him, but its worth was greater than the value of the whole Shire and everything
in it.’ - - - Frodo said nothing, but he put his hand under his tunic and touched
the rings of his mail-shirt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt
staggered to think that he had been walking about with the price of the Shire
under his jacket.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Had Bilbo known?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt no doubt that Bilbo knew quite
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was indeed a kingly gift.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 414<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Grave of
Balin – Bilbo’s Friend: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Company
of the Ring stood silent beside the tomb of Balin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo thought of Bilbo and his long
friendship with the dwarf, and of Balin’s visit to the Shire long ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the dusty chamber in the mountains it
seemed a thousand years ago and on the other side of the world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 417 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They Are Coming –
We Can Not Get Out:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘They are
coming!’ cried Legolas. - - - ‘We cannot get out,’ said Gimli. - - - ‘Trapped!’
cried Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Why did I delay?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heree we are, caught, just as they were
before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I was not here then.‘”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 420 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo Attacks a
Troll:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Suddenly, and to his own
surprise, Frodo felt a hot wrath blaze up in his heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The Shire!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>he cried, and springing beside Boromir, he stooped, and stabbed with
Sting at the hideous foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a
bellow, and the foot jerked back, nearly wrenching Sting from Frodo’s arm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Black drops dripped form the blade and smoked
on the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boromir hurled himself
against the door and slammed it again. - - -‘One for the Shire!’ cried
Aragorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The hobbit’s bite is
deep!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have a good blade, Frodo son
of Drogo!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 421-422 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam Has Killed an
Orc:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“When thirteen had fallen the
rest fled shirking, leaving the defenders unharmed, except for Sam who had a
scratch along the scalp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A quick duck
had saved him; and he had felled his orc: a sturdy thrust with his
Barrow-blade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A fire was shouldering in
his brown eyes that would have made Ted Sandyman step backwards, if he had seen
it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 422 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Coming of the
Balrog:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He [Legolas] drew, but his
hand fell, and the arrow slipped to the ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He gave a cry of dismay and fear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Two great trolls appeared; they bore great slabs of stone, and flung
them down to serve as gangways over the fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But it was not the trolls that had filled the Elf with terror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ranks of the orcs had opened, and they
crowded away, as if they themselves were afraid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soething was coming up behind them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What it was could not be seen: it was like a
great shadow, in the middle of which was a dark form, of man-shape maybe, yet
greater; and a power and terror seemed to be in it and to go before it. - - -
It came to the edge of the fire and the light faded as if a cloud had bent over
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then with a rush it leaped across
the fissure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The flames roared up to
greet, and wreathed about it; and a black smoke swirled in the air. Its
streaming mane kindled, and blazed behind it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In its right hand was a blade like a stabbing tougue of fire; in its
lert it held a whip of many thongs. - - -‘Ai, ai!’ wailed Legolas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘A Balrog!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A Balrog is come!’ - - - Gimli stared with wide eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Durin’s Bane!’ he cried, and letting his axe
fall he covered his face. - - - ‘A balrog.’ muttered Gamdalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Now I understand.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He faltered and leaned heavily on his
staff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘What an evil fortune!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I am already weary.’ - - - The dark
figure streaming with fire raced towards them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The orcs yelled and poured over the stone gangways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Boromir raised his horn and blew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Loud the challenge rang and bellowed, like
the shout of many throats under the cavernous roof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a moment the orcs quailed and the fiery
shadow halted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then the echoes died a
suddenly as a flame blown out by a dark wind, and the enemy advanced again. - -
- ‘Over the bridge!’ cried Gandalf, recalling his strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Fly!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is a foe beyond any of you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I must hold the narrow way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fly!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aragorn and Boromir did not
heed the command, but still held their ground, side by side, behind Gandalf at
the far end of the bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The others
halted just within the doorway at the hall’s end, and turned, unable to leave
their leader to face the enemy alone. - - - The Balrog reached the bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gandalf stood in the middle of the span,
leaning on the staff in his left hand, but in his other hand Glamdring gleamed,
cold and white.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His enemy halted again,
facing him, and the shadow about it reached out like two vast wings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It raised the whip and the thongs whined and
cracked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fire came from its nostrils.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Gandalf stood firm. - - - ‘You cannot
pass,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The orcs stood still,
and a dead silence fell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am a servant
of the Secret Fire, wielder of the flame of Anor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You cannot pass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dark fire will not avail you, flame of
Udun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Go back to the Shadow!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You cannot pass.’ - - - The Balrog made no
answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fire in it seemed to die,
but the darkness grew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It stepped
forward slowly on the bridge, and suddenly it drew itself up to great height,
and its wings were spread from wall to wall; but still Gandalf could be seen,
glimmering in the gloom; he seemed small, and altogether alone: gray and bent,
like a wizened tree before the onset of a storm. - - - From out of the shadow a
red sword leaped flaming. - - - Glmdring glittered white in answer. - - - There
was a ringing clash and a stab of white fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Balrog fell back and its sword flew up in molten fragments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wizard swayed on the bridge, stepped back
a pace, and then again stood still. - - - ‘You cannot pass!’ he said. - - -
With a bound the Balrog leaped full upon the bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its whip whirled and hissed. - - - ‘He cannot
stand alone!’ cried Aragorn suddenly and ran back along the bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Elendil!’ he shouted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am with you, Gandalf!’ - - - Gondor!’
cried Boromir and leaped after him. - - - AT that moment Gandalf lifted his
staff, and crying aloud he smote the bridge before him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The staff broke asunder and fell from his
hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A blinding sheet of white flame
sprang up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bridge cracked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Right at the Balrogs’ feet it broke, and the
stone upon which it stood crashed into the gulf, while the rest remained,
poised, quivering like a tongue of rick thrust out into emptiness. - - - Wit a
terrible cry the Balrog fell forward, and its shadow plunge down and
vanished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But even as it fell it swung
it ship, and the thongs lashed and curled about the wizard’s knees, dragging
him to the brink. He staggered, and fell, grasped vainly at the stone, and slid
into the abyss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Fly, you fools!’ he
cried, and was gone.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 428-430<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Trees of
Lothlorien:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There lie the woods of
Lothlorien!’ said Legolas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘That is the
fairest of all the dwellings of my people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are no trees like the trees of that land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For in the autumn their leaves fall not, but
turn to gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not till the spring comes and
the new green opens do they fall, and then the boughs are laden with yellow
flowers; and the floor of the wood is golden, and golden is the roof, and its
pillars are of silver, for the bark of the trees is smooth and grey.’” p. 434<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">80.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Dangers” of Lothlorien:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Say not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unscathed,
</i>but if you say <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unchanged</i>, then
maybe you will speak the truth,’ said Aragorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘But lore wanes in Godor, Boromir, if in the city of those who once were
wise they now speak evil of Lothlorien.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Believe what you will, there is no other way for us—unless you would go
back to Moria-gate, or scale the pathless mountains, or swim the Great River
all alone.’ - - - ‘Then lead on!’ said Boromir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘But it is perilous.’ - - - ‘Perilous indeed,’ said Aragorn, ‘fair and
perilous; but only evil need fear it, or those who bring some evil with them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Follow me!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 439 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s “Skin”
Discovered:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I am all right,’ said
Frodo, reluctant to have his garments touched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘All I needed was some food and a little rest.’ - - - ‘No!’ said
Aragorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘We must have a look and see
what the hammer and the anvil have done to you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I still marvel that you are alive at all.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gently he stripped off Frodo’s old jacket and
worn tunic, and gave a grasp of wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then he laughed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The silver
corslet shimmered before his eyes like the light upon a rippling sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carefully he took it off and held it up, and
the gems on it glittered like stars, and the sound of the shaken rings was like
the tinkle of rain in a pool. - - - ‘Look, my friends!’ he called.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Here’s a pretty hobbit-skin to wrap an
elven-princeling in!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it were known
that hobbits had such hides, all the hunters of Middle-earth would be riding to
the Shire.’ - - - ‘And all the arrows of all the hunters in the world would be
in vain,’ said Gimli, gazing at the mail in wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is a mithril-coat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mithril!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I have never seen or heard tell of one so fair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is this the coat that Gandalf spoke of?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The he undervalued it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it was well given!’ - - - ‘I have often
wondered what you and ilbo were doing so close in his little room,’ said
Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Bless the old hobbit!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I love him more than ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope we get a chance of telling him about
it!’” p. 437 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Folly of
Mistrust:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Alas for the folly of
these days!’ said Legolas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Here all are
enemies of the one Enemy, and yet I must walk blind, while the sun is merry in
the woodland under leaves of gold!’ - - - ‘Folly it may seem,’ said
Haldir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Indeed in nothing is the power
of the Dark Lord more clearly shown than in the estrangement that divides all
those who still oppose him.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 451 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elves and the
Sea:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Happy folk are Hobbits to
dwell near the shores of the sea!’ said Haldir. ‘It is long indeed since any of
my folk have looked on it, yet still we remember it in song.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 452<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s First
View of Lothlorien:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The others cast
themselves down upon the fragrant grass but Frodo stood awhile still lost in
wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seemed to him that he had
stepped through a high window that looked on a vanished world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A light was upon it for which his language
had no name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that he saw was
shapely, but the shapes seemed at once clear cut, as it they had been first
conceived and drawn at the uncovering of his eyes, and ancient as if they had
endured for ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He saw no colour but
those he knew, gold and white and blue and green, but they were fresh and
poignant, as if he had at that moment first perceived them and made for them
names new and wonderful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In winter here
no heart could mourn for summer or for spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>No blemish or sickness or deformity could be seen in anything that grew
upon the earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the land of Lorien
there was no stain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - He turned and
saw that Sam was now standing beside him, looking round with a puzzled
expression, and rubbing his eyes as if he was not sure that he was awake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It’s sunlight and bright day, right enough,’
he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I thought that Elves were all
for moon and stars: but this is more elvish than anything I ever heard tell
of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I feel as if I was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inside </i>a song, if you take my meaning.’
- - - . . . ‘You feel the power of the Lady of the Galadrim,’ he [Haldir]
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Would it please you to climb with
me up Cerin Amroth?’ - - - They followed him as he stepped lightly up the
grass-clad slopes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though he walked and
breathed, and about him living leaves and flowers were stirred by the same cool
wind as fanned his face, Frodo felt that he was in a timeless land that did not
fade or change or fall into forgetfulness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When he had gone and passed again into the outer world, still Frodo the
wanderer from the Shire would walk there, upon the grass among <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">elanor </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">niphredil </i>in fair Lothlorien.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 454-455<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Feeling a Tree:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As Frodo prepared to follow him [Haldir], he
laid his hand upon the tree beside the ladder: never before had he been so
suddenly and so keenly aware of the feel and texture of a tree’s skin and of
the life within it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt a delight in
wood, and the touch of it, neither as forester nor as carpenter; it was the
delight of the living tree itself.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
455 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lothorien’s
Effect on Aragorn:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“At the hill’s
foot Frodo found Aragorn, standing still and silent as a tree; but in his hand
was a small golden bloom of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">elenor</i>,
and a light was in his eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
wrapped in some fair memory: and as Frodo looked at him he knew that he beheld
things as they once had been in this same place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the grim years were removed from the face
of Aragorn, and he seemed clothed in white, a young lord tall and fair; and he
spoke words in the Elvish tongue to one whom Frodo could not see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arwen
vanimelda, namarie!</i> he said, and then he drew a breath, and returning out
of his thought he looked at Frodo and smiled. - - - ‘Here is the heart of
Elvendom on earth,’ he said, ‘and here my heart dwells ever, unless there be a
light beyond the dark roads that we still must tread, you and I.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Come with me!’ And taking Frodo’s hand in
his, he left the hill of Cerin Amroth and came there never again as living
man.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 456<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Celeborn and
Galadriel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On Two chairs beneath
the bole of the tree and canopied by a living bough there sat, side by side,
Celeborn and Galadriel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They stood up to
greet their guests, after the manner of Elves, even those who were accounted
mighty kings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very tall they were, and
the Lady no less tall than the Lord; and they were grave and beautiful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were clad wholly in white; and the hair
of the Lady was of deep gold, and the hair of the Lord Celeborn was of silver
long and bright. But no sign of age was upon them, unless it were in the depths
of their eyes; for these were keen as lances in the starlight, and yet
profound, the wells of deep memory.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
459 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">88.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Celeborn’s Welcome to Gimli:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Welcome Gimli son of Gloin!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is long indeed since we saw one of Durin’s
folk in Caras Galado.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But today we have
broken our long law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>May it be a sign
that though the world is now dark better days are at hand, and that friendship
shall be renewed between our peoples.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gimli bowed low.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 459<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Legolas Names the
Balrog:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘It was a Balrog of
Morgoth,’ said Legolas; ‘of all elf-banes the most deadly, save the One who
sits in the Dark Tower.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 461<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Galadriel on
Gandalf and Gimli:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Needless were
none of the deeds of Gandalf in life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those that followed him knew not his mind and cannot report his full
purpose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But however it may be with the
guide, the followers are blameless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Con
not repent of your [Celeborn’s] welcome to the Dwarf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If our folk had been exiled long and far from
Lothlorien, who of the Baladrim, even Celeborn the Wise, would pass nigh and
would not wish to look upon their ancient home, though it had become an abode
of dragons?’ - - - ‘Dark is the water of Kheled-zaram, and cold are the springs
of Kibil-nala, and fair were the many-pillared halls of Khazad-dum in Elder
days before the fall of mighty kings beneath the stone.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She looked upon Gimili, who hearing the
names given in his own ancient tongue, looked up and met her eyes; and it
seemed to him that he looked suddenly into the heart of an enemy and saw there
love and understanding. Wonder came into his face, and then he smiled in
answer. - - - He rose clumsily and bowed in dwarf-fashion, saying: ‘yet more
fair is the living land of Lorien, and the Lady Galadriel is above all the
jewels that lie beneath the earth!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
461 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn to
Boromir on the Lady Galadriel and No Evil in Lorien:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Speak no evil of the Lady Galadriel!’ said
Aragorn sternly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You know not what you
say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is in her and in this land no
evil, unless a man bring it hither himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then let him beware!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But tonight
I shall sleep without fear for the first time since I left Rivendell.’” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 464 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Legolas and Gimil
in Lorien:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Legolas was away much
among the Galadrim, and after the first night he did not sleep with the other
companions, though he returned to eat and talk with them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Often he took Gimli with him when he went
abroad in the land, and the others wondered at this change.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 464-465 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As My Old Gaffer
Used to Say:</b> [Sam] “‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It’s the job
that’s never started as takes longest to finish,</i> as my old gaffer used to
say.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 467 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Power of the
Mirror:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Many things I can command
the Mirror to reveal,’ she answered, ‘and to some I can show what they desire
to see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the Mirror will also show
things unbidden, and those are often stranger and more profitable than things
which we wish to behold.’‘’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 469 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merry Is the One:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Sam] “‘There’s some devilry at work in the
Shire,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Elrond knew what he
was about when he wanted to send Mr. Merry back.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 469 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Fate Works:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . ‘Remember that the Mirror shows many
things, and not all have yet come to pass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some never come to be, unless those that behold the visions turn aside
from their path to prevent them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Mirror is dangerous as a guide of deeds.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 470<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Galadriel, Advice
– Like Wood Badge:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Do you now wish
to look, Frodo?’ said the Lady Galadriel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘You did not wish to see Elf-magic and were content.’ - - - ‘Do you
advise me to look?’ asked Frodo. - - - ‘No,’ she said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I do not counsel you one way or the
other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am not a counsellor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You may learn something, and whether what you
see be fair or evil, that may be profitable, and yet it may not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seeing is both good and perilous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet I think, Frodo, that you have courage and
wisdom enough for the venture. Or I would not have brought you here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do as you will!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 470<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Eye:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But suddenly the Mirror went altogether
dark, as dark as if a hole had opened in the world of sight, and Frodo looked
into emptiness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the black abyss there
appeared a single Eye that slowly grew, until it filled nearly all the
Mirror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So terrible was it that Frodo
stood rooted, unable to cry out or to withdraw his gaze.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Eye was rimmed with fire, but was itself
glazed, yellow as a cat’s, watchful and intent, and the black slit of its pupil
opened on a pit, a window into nothing. - - - Then the Eye began to rove,
searching this way and that; and Frodo knew with certainty and horror that
among the many things that it sought he himself was one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he also knew that it could not see
him—not yet, not unless he willed it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Ring that hung upon its chain about his neck grew heavy, heavier
than a great stone, and his head was dragged downwards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Mirror seemed to be growing hot and curls
of steam were rising from the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was slipping forward. - - - ‘Do not touch the water!’ said the Lady Galadriel
softly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vision faded, and Frodo
found that he was looking at the cool stars twinkling in the silver basin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stepped back shaking all over and looked
at the Lady.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 471-472 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Galadriel Reveals
Her Ring and Its Power:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I know
what it was that you last saw,’ she said; ‘for that is also in my mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do not be afraid!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But do not think that only by singing amid
the trees, nor even by the slender arrows of elven-bows, is this land of Lothlorien
maintained and defended against its Enemy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I say to you Frodo, that even as I speak to you, I perceive the Dark
Lord and know his mind, or all of his mind that concerns the Elves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he gropes ever to see me and my
thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But still the door is closed!’
- - - She lifted up her white arms, and spread out her hands towards the East
in a gesture of rejection and denial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Earendil, the Evening Star, most beloved of Elves, shone clear above. So
bright was it that the figure of the Elven-lady cast a dim shadow on the
ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its rays glanced upon a ring
about her finger; it glittered like polished gold overlaid with silver light,
and a white stone in it twinkled as if the Even-star had come down to rest upon
her hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo gazed at the ring with awe;
for suddenly it seemed to him that he understood. - - - ‘Yes,’ she said,
divining his thought, ‘it is not permitted to speak of it, and Elrond could not
do so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it cannot be hidden from the
Ring-bearer, and one who has seen the Eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Verily it is in the land of Lorien upon the finger of Galadriel that one
of the Three remains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is Neya, the
Ring of Adamant, and I am its keeper. - - - ‘He suspect but does not know—not
yet.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 472 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Fate of the
Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Do you [Frodo] not see now
wherefore your coming is to us as the footstep of Doom?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For if you fail, then we are laid bare to the
Enemy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet if you succeed, then our
power is diminished, and Lothlorien will fade, and the tides of Time will sweep
it away,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must depart into the West, or
dwindle to a rustic folk of dell and cave, slowly to forget and to be
forgotten’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 472<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Freedom the
Terminal Value:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Frodo bent his
head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘And what do you wish?’ he said at
last. - - - ‘That what should be shall be,’ she answered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The love of the Elves for their land and
their works is deeper than the deeps of the Sea, and their regret is undying
and cannot ever wholly be assuaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet
they will cast all away rather than submit to Sauron: for they know him
now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the fate of Lothlorien you are
not answerable, but only for the doing of your own task.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet I could wish, were it of any avail, that
the One Ring had never been wrought, or had remained for ever lost.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 473 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Galadriel
Declines the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘You are wise
and fearless and fair, Lady Galadriel,’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I will give you the One Ring, if you ask
for it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is too great a matter for
me.’ - - - Galadriel laughed with a sudden clear laugh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Wise the Lady Galadriel may be,’ she said,
‘yet here she has met her match in courtesy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gently are you revenged for my testing of your heart at our first
meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You begin to see with a keen
eye. I do not deny that my heart has greatly desired to ask what you
offer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For may long years I have
pondered what I might do, should the Great Ring come into my hands, and behold!
It was brought within my grasp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The evil
that was devised long ago works on in many ways, whether Sauron himself stands
or falls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Would not that have been a
noble deed to set to the credit of his Ring, if I had taken it by force or fear
from my guest? - - - And now at last it comes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You will give me the Ring freely!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In place of the Dark Lord you will set up a Queen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I shall not be dark, but beautiful and
terrible as the Morning and the Night!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fair as the Sea and the Sun and the Snow upon the Mountain!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dreadful as the Storm and the Lightning!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stronger than the foundations of the
earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All shall love me and despair!’ -
- - She lifted up her hand and from the ring that she wore there issued a great
light that illumined her alone and left all else dark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She stood before Frodo seeming now tall
beyond measurement, and beautiful beyond enduring, terrible and worshipful.
Then she let her hand fall, and the light faded, and suddenly she laughed
again, and lo!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was shrunken: a
slender elf-woman, clad in simple white, whose gentle voice was soft and sad. -
- - ‘I pass the test,’ she said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I will
diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 475-476<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Power of
the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Frodo] “‘I am permitted
to wear the One Ring:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>why cannot I see
all the others and know the thoughts of those that wear them?’ - - - ‘You have
not tried,’ she [Galadriel] said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Only
thrice have you set the Ring upon your finger since you knew what you
possessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do not try!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would destroy you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did not Gandalf tell you that the rings give
power according to the measure of each possessor?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before you could use that power you would
need to become far stronger, and to train your will to the domination of others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet even so as Ring-bearer and as one that
had borne it on finger and seen that which is hidden, your sight is grown
keener.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have perceived my thought
more clearly than many that are accounted wise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You saw the Eye of him that holds the Seven and the Nine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And did you not see and recognize the ring
upon my finger?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did you see my ring?’
she asked turning again to Sam. - - - “no, Lady,’ he answered.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 474<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merry, Again:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Celeborn] “‘There are some among you who can
handle boats: Legolas, whose folk know the swift Forest River; and Boromir of
Gondor; and Aragorn the traveler.’ - - - ‘And one Hobbit!’ cried Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Not all of us look on boats as wild
horses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My people live by the banks of
the Brandywine.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 476<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">105. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fate:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Good night, my friends!’ said
Galadriel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Sleep in peace!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do not trouble your hearts overmuch with
thought of the road tonight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maybe the
paths that you each shall tread are already laid before your feet, though you
do not see them. Good night!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
476-477<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">106.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gifts from the Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the morning, as they were beginning to
pack their slender goods, Elves that could speak their tongue came to them and
brought them many gifts of food and clothing for the journey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The food was mostly in the form of very thin
cakes, made of a meal that was baked a light brown on the outside, and inside
was the color of cream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gimil took up
one of the cakes and looked at it with a doubtful eye. - - - ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cram’ </i>he said under his breath, as he
broke off a crisp corner and nibbled at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His expression guickly changed, and he ate all the rest of the cake with
relish. - - - No more, no more!’ cried the Elves laughing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You have eaten enough already for a long
day’s march.’ - - - ‘I thought it was only a kind of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cram</i>, such as the Dale-men make for journeys in the wild,’ said the
Dwarf. - - - ‘So it is,’ they answered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘But we call it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lembas</i> or
waybread, and it is more strengthening than any food made by Men, and it is
more pleasant the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cram</i>, by all
accounts.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - ‘Indeed it is,’ said
Gimli. - - - . . . ‘Eat a little at a time, and only at need .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For these things are given to serve you when
all else fails.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cakes will keep sweat
for many many days, if they are unbroken and left in their leaf wrappings, as
we have brought them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One will keep a
traveler on his feet for a day of long labor, even if he be one of the tall Men
of Minas Tirith.’ - - - The Elves next unwrapped and gave to each of the
Company the clothes they had brought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For each they had provided a hood and cloak, made according to his size,
of the light but warm silken stuff that the Galadrim wove.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was hard to say of what color they were: grey
with the hue of twilight under the trees they seemed to be; and yet if they
were moved. Or set in another light, they were green as shadowed leaves, or
brown as fallow fields by night, dusk0silver as water under the stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each cloak was fastened about the neck with a
brooch like green leaf veined with silver. - - - ‘Are these magic cloaks?’
asked Pippin, looking at them with wonder. - - - ‘I do not know what you mean
by that,’ answered the leader of the Elves. ‘They are fair garments, and the
web is good, for it was made in this land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are elvish robes certainly if that is what you mean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leaf and branch, water and stone: they have
the hue and beauty of all these things under the twilight of Lorien that we
love; for we put the thought of all that we love into all that we make.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet they are garments, not armour, and they
will not turn shaft or blade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they
should serve you well: they are light to wear, and warm enough or cool enough
at need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And you will find them a great
aid in keeping out of the sight of unfriendly eyes, whether you walk among the
stones or the trees. You are indeed high in favor of the Lady!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For she herself and her maidens wove this
stuff; and never before have we clad strangers in the garb of our own
people.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 478-479 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Legolas and
Gimli:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Company was arranged in
this way:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aragorn, Frodo, and Sam were
in one boat; Boromir, Merry, and Pippin in another; and in the third were
Legolas and Gimli, who had now become fast friends.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 481 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Men Come to
See the Elves: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Already she
[Galadriel] seemed to him [Frodo] as by men of later days Elves still at times
are seen: present and yet remote, a living vision of that which has already
been left far behind by the flowing streams of Time.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 483 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Value of
“Old Wives Tales”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Then I need say
no more,’ said Celeborn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But do not
despise the lore that has come down from distant years; for oft it may chance
that old wives keep in memory word of things that once were needful for the
wise to know.’” p. 484<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Gifts of
Celeborn and Galadriel:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“‘But before
you go, I have brought in my ship gifts which the Lord and Lady of the Galadrim
now offer you in memory of Lothlorien.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then she called them each in turn. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[To Aragorn] ‘Here is the gift of Celeborn and Galadriel to
the leader of your Company,’ she said to Aragorn, and she gave him a sheath
that had been made to fit his sword.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was overlaid with a tracery of flowers and leaves wrought in silver and gold,
and on it were set in elven-runes formed of many gems the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>name Anduril and the linage of the sword. - -
- ‘The blade that is drawn from this sheath shall not be stained of broken even
in defeat,’ she said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But is there
aught else that you desire of me at our parting?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For darkness will flow between us, and it may
be that we shall not meet again, unless it be far hence upon a road that has no
returning.’ - - - And Aragorn answered: ‘Lady, you know all my desire, and long
held in keeping the only treasure that I seek. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet it is not yours to give me, even if you would;
and only through darkness shall I come to it.’ - - - ‘Yet maybe this will
lighten your heart,’ said Galadriel; ‘for it was left in my care to be given to
you, should you pass through this land.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then she lifted from her lap a great stone of a clear green, set in a
silver brooch that was wrought in the likeness of an eagle with outspread
wings; and as she held it up the gem flashed like the sun shining through the
leaves of spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘This stone I gave to
Celebrian my daughter, and she to hers; and now it comes to you as a token of
home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this hour take the name that we
foretold for you, Elessar, the Elfstone of the house of Elendil!’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[To Borromir, Merry, Pippin and Legolas] The lady bowed her
head, and she turned then to Boromir, and to him she gave a belt of gold; and
to Merry and Pippin she gave small silver belts, each with a clasp wrought like
a golden flower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To Legolas she gave a
bow such as the Galadrim used, Longer and stouter than the bows of Mirkwood,
and strung with a string of elf-hair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With it went a quiver of arrows. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[To Sam] ‘For you little gardener and lover of trees,’ she
said to Sam, ‘I have only a small gift.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She put into his hand a little box of plain gray wood, unadorned save
for a single silver rune upon the lid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Here is set G for Galadriel,’ she said; ‘but also it may stand for
garden in your tongue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this box there
is earth from my orchard, and such blessing as Galadriel has still to bestow is
upon it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will not keep you on your
road, nor defend you against any peril; but if you deep it and see your home
again at last, then perhaps it may reward you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Though you should find all barren and laid waste, there will be few
gardens in Middle-earth that will bloom like your garden, if you sprinkle this
earth there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then you may remember
Galadriel, and catch a glimpse far off of Lorien, that you have seen only in
our winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For our spring and our summer
are gone by and they will never be seen on earth again save in memory.’ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[To Gimli] ‘And what gift would a Dwarf ask of the Elves?’
said Galadriel, turning to Gimli. - - - ‘None, Lady,’ answered Gimli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is enough for me to have seen the Lady of
the Galadrim, and to have heard her gentle words.’ - - - ‘Here all ye Elves!’
she cried to those about her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Let none say
again the Dwarves are grasping and ungracious!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yet surely, Gimli son of Gloin, you desire something that I could
give?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Name it, I bid you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You shall not be the only guest without a
gift.’ - - - ‘There is nothing, unless it might be—unless it is permitted to
ask, nay, to name a single strand of your hair, which surpasses the gold of the
earth as the stars surpass the gems of the mine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not ask for such a gift.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you commanded me to name my desire.’ - -
- The Elves stirred and murmured with astonishment, and Celeborn gazed at the
Dwarf in wonder, but the Lady smiled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘It is said that the skill of the Dwarves is in their hands rather than
in their tongues,’ she said; ‘yet that is not true of Gimli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For none have ever made to me a request so
bold and yet so courteous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And how shall
I refuse, since I commanded him to speak?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But tell me, what would you do with such a gift?’ - - - ‘Treasure it,
Lady,’ he answered, ‘in memory of your words to me at our first meeting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if ever I return to the smithies of my
home, it shall be set in imperishable crystal to be an heirloom of my house,
and a pledge of good will between the Mountain and the Wood until the end of
days.’ - - - Then the Lady unbraided one of her long tresses, and cut off three
golden hairs, and laid them in Gimli’s hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘These words shall go with the gift,’ she said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I do not foretell, for all foretelling is
now vain: on the one hand lies darkness, and on the other only hope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if hope should not fail, then I say to
you, Gimli son of Gloin, that your hands shall flow with gold, and yet over you
gold shall have no dominion.’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[For Frodo] ‘And you, Ring-bearer,’ she said, turning to
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I come to you last who are not
last in my thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For you I have
prepared this.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She held up a small
crystal phial: it glittered as she moved it, and rays of white light sprang
from her hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘In this phial,’ she
said, ‘is caught the light of Earendil’s star, set amid the waters of my
fountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will shine still brighter
when night is about you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>May it be a
light to you in dark places, when all other lights go out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember Galadriel and her Mirror!’ - - -
Frodo took the phial, and for a moment as it shone between them, he saw her
again standing like a queen, great and beautiful, but no longer terrible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He bowed, but found no words to say.” pp. 485-488
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">111. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Seeming to Stand
Still as the World Slips Away:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On
the green bank near to the very point of the Tongue the Lady Galadriel stood
alone and silent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As they passed her
they turned and their eyes watched her slowly floating away from them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For so it seemed to them: Lorien was slipping
backward, like a bright ship masted with enchanted trees, sailing on to
forgotten shores, while they sat helpless upon the margin of the grey and
leafless world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 487 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">112. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gimli’s Tears
and Legolas Counsel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Gimly wept
openly. - - - ‘I have looked the last upon that which was fairest,’ he said to
Legolas his companion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Henceforward I
will call nothing fair, unless it be her gift.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He put his hand to his breast. - - - Tell me, Legolas, why did I come on
this Quest?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Little did I know where the
chief peril lay!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Truly Elrond spoke,
saying that we could not foresee what we might meet upon our road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Torment in the dark was the danger that I
feared, and it did not hold me back. But I would not have come, had I know the
danger of light and joy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now I have
taken my worst wound in this parting, even if I were to go this night to the
Dark Lord.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alas for Gimli son of Gloin!’
- - -‘Nay!’ said Legolas . . . ‘But I count you blessed, Gimli son of Gloin:
for your loss you suffer of your own free will, and you might have chosen
otherwise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you have not forsaken
your companions, and the least reward that you shall have is that the memory of
Lothlorien shall remain ever clear and unstained in your heart, and shall
neither fade nor grow stale.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 490 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn Knows of
Gollum:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ ‘Gollum,’ answered
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Or at least, so I guess.’ - - -
‘Ah!’ said Aragorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘So you know about
our little foot-pad, do you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He padded
after us all through Moria and right down the Nimrodel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since we took to boats, he has been lying on
a log and paddling with hands and feet.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 497 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Legolas Shoots
the Ring Wrath’s “Beast”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Frodo
looked up at the Elf standing tall above him, as he gazed into the night,
seeking a mark to shoot at.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His head was
dark, crowned with sharp white stars that glittered in the black pools of the
sky behind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But now rising and sailing
up from the South the great clouds advanced, sending out dark outriders into
the starry fields.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A sudden dread fell
on the Company. - - - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘Ebereth
Gilthoniel!’</i> sighed Legolas as he looked up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even as he did so, a dark shape, like a cloud
and yet not a cloud, for it moved far more swiftly, came out of the blackness
in the South, and sped towards the Company, blotting out all light as it
approached.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon it appeared as a great
winged creature, blacker than the pits in the night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fierce voices rose up to greet it from across
the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo felt a sudden chill
running through him and clutching at his heart; there was a deadly cold, like
the memory of an old wound, in his shoulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He crouched down, as if to hide. - - - Suddenly the great bow of Lorien
sang.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shrill went the arrow from the
elven-string.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo looked up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost above him the winged shape
swerved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a harsh croaking
scream, as it fell out of the air, vanishing down into the gloom of the eastern
shore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sky was clean again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a tumult of many voices far away,
cursing and wailing in the darkness, and then silence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neither shaft nor cry came again from the
east that night.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 501 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">115. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Elves
Experience Time:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Legolas] “‘Nay,
time does not tarry ever,’ he said; but change and growth is not in all things
and place alike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the Elves the world
moves, and it moves both very swift and very slow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Swift, because they themselves change little,
and all else fleets by: it is a grief to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slow, because they do not count the running years, not for
themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The passing seasons are but
ripples ever repeated in the long long stream.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 503 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arogorn Passes
the Gates of the Kings:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Upon great
pedestals founded in the deep waters stood two great kings of stone: still with
blurred eyes and crannied brows they frowned upon the North.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The left hand of each was raised palm
outwards in gesture of warning; in each right hand there was an axe; upon each
head there was a crumbling helm and crown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Great power and majesty they still wore, the silent wardens of the
long-vanished kingdom. - - - ‘Fear not!’ said a strange voice behind him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo turned and saw Strider, and yet not
Strider. For the weatherworn Ranger was no longer there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the stern sat Aragorn son of Arathorn,
proud and erect, guiding the boat with skillful strokes; his hood<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was cast back, and his dark hair was blowing
in the wind, a light was in his eyes: a king returning from exile to his own
land.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 508-509 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rowan-trees:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“For some while he [Frodo] climbed, not
caring which way he went, until he came to a grassy place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rowan-trees grew about it, and in the midst
was a wide flat stone.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 513 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">118. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Battles
Saron in the Mind of Frodo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . .
suddenly he [Frodo] felt the Eye.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
was an eye in the Dark Tower that did not sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He knew that it had become aware of his gaze.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A fierce eager will was there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It leaped towards him; almost like a finger
he felt it, searching for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very soon
it would nail him down, know just exactly where he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Amon Lhaw it touched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It glanced upon Tol Brandir—he threw himself
from the seat, crouching, covering his head with his grey hood. - - - He heard
himself crying out: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Never, never!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or was it: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Verily I come, I come to you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>He
could not tell. Then as a flash from some other point of power there came to
his mind another thought:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Take it off! Take it off! Fool, take it
off!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take off the Ring!</i> - - - The
two powers strove in him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a moment,
perfectly balanced between their piercing points, he writher, tormented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly he was aware of himself again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo, neither the Voice nor the Eye:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>free to choose, and with one remaining
instant in which to do so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took the
Ring off his finger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was kneeling in
clear sunlight before the high seat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
black shadow seemed to pass like an arm above him; it missed Amon Hen and
groped out west, and faded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then all the
sky was clean and blue and birds sang in every tree.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 519 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo Does His
Duty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Frodo rose to his feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A great weariness was on him, but his will
was firm and his heart lighter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He spoke
aloud to himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I will do now what I
must,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘This at least is plain:
the evil of the Ring is already at work even in the Company, and the Ring must
leave them before it does more harm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
will go alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some I cannot trust, and
those I can trust are too dear to me:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>poor old Sam, and Merry and Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Strider, too: his heart yearns for Minas Tirith, and he will be needed
there, now Boromir has fallen into evil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I will go alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At once.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 519-520 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elrond More
Powerful than Gondor:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[Aragorn]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘We may remain there
for a while and make a brave stand; but the Lord Denethor and all his men
cannot hope to do what even Elrond said was beyond his power: either to keep
the Burden secret, or to hold off the full might of the Enemy when he come to
take it.’” pp. 520-521<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wisdom of Sam:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘If he screws himself up to go, he’ll want
to go alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mark my words!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’re going to have trouble when he comes
back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For he’ll screw himself up all
right, a sure as his name’s Baggins,’ - - - ‘I believe you speak more wisely
than any of us, Sam,’ said Aragorn.” p. 522 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam Figures It
Out and Goes with Frodo: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Whoa, Sam
Gamgee!’ he said aloud.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Your legs are
too short, so use your head!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let me see
now!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boromir isn’t lying, that’s not his
way; but he hasn’t told us everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Something scared Mr. Frodo badly, He screwed himself up to the point,
sudden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He made up his mind at last—to
go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Were to? Off<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>East.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not without Sam?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes, without
even his Sam . . . Coming, Mr. Frodo!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Coming!’ called Sam, and flung himself from the bank, clutching at the
departing boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He missed it by a yard.
With a cry and a splash he fell face downward into deep swift water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gurgling he went under, and the River closed
over his curly head. - - - An exclamation of dismay came from the empty
boat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A paddle swirled and the boat put
about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo was just in time to grasp
Sam by the hair as he came up, bubbling and struggling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fear was staring in his round brown eyes. - -
- ‘Up you come, Sam my lad!’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Now take my hand!’ - - - ‘Save me, Mr. Frodo!’ gasped Sam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I’m drownded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can’t see your hand.’ - - - ‘Here it
is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Don’t pinch, lad! I won’t let you go
. . . - - - ‘Of all the confounded nuisances you are the worst, Sam!’ he said.
- - -‘Oh, Mr. Frodo, that’s hard!’ said Sam shivering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘That’s hard, trying to go without me and
all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If I hadn’t a guessed right, where
would you be now?’ - - - ‘Safely on my way.’ - - - ‘Safely!’ said Sam. ‘All
alone and without me to help you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
couldn’t have a borne it, it’s have been the death of me.’ - - - ‘It would be
the death of you to come with me, Sam,’ said Frodo, ‘and I could not have borne
that.’ - - - ‘Not as certain as being left behind,’ said Sam. - - - But I am
going to Mordor.’ - - - ‘I know that well enough, Mr. Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course you are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I’m coming with you.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 524-525<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">123. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s
Gratitude, Sam’s Hope That All Will Meet Again:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘So all my plan is spoilt!’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is no good trying to escape you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I’m glad, Sam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cannot tell you how glad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Come along!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is plain that we were meant to go together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We will go, and may the others find a safe
road!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Strider will look after them. I
don’t suppose we shall see them again.’ - - - ‘Yet we may, Mr. Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We may,’ said Sam.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 526 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-557994975616875882015-04-13T21:59:00.002-06:002015-04-13T22:00:47.409-06:00Lady in Gold and America's Heroes<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Woman in Gold and America’s Heroes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The movie The Woman in Gold is excellent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We were very glad we went, and as my wife and
I drove home, we talked about the wonder of the art, evil that hate can bring
and the wonder of America where justice for one is justice for all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My favorite moment was when, speaking before
the Supreme Court, the young lawyer, Randol Schoenberg, says of Mrs. Altman:
“She came to America to find peace – let’s give her justice too.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It was gratifying to know that the picture sold for 135
million dollars, but we should contemplate how much freedom and justice are
worth.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">A few weeks ago, a friend of mine, an American Soldier who
has spent years of his life defending truth and justice, said he would like to
commission me to paint a picture of his former commanding officer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I accepted, perhaps tempted beyond my abilities
by the chance of pay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took me several
weeks to produce something I was satisfied with. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">We got home from the movie and I called my friend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He came over and graciously accepted the watercolor
painting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I suggested we discuss
payment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I told him I had spoken with my
daughter-in-law about what she charged for her paintings and that she often
works out swaps – a dentist gets his daughter painted in exchange for fixing my
grandchildren’s teeth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So I told my
friend that I would work out such a deal with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I told him I would trade my efforts for the
freedom and safety of my family and friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I also told him that if anyone ever asked what he paid for the painting
he could truthfully say it was priceless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Here’s the picture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-23278952195717523612015-04-03T11:44:00.001-06:002015-04-03T11:44:26.619-06:00The Fellowship of the Ring - Book One by J. R. R. Tolkien
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It has been fifty years since I
first read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Lord of the Rings</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At fourteen, I told the story to my fellow
Boy Scouts from Troop 321 as we sat around the camp fire on warm summer nights
in the High Uintas. This was the beginning of my story telling carrier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hold that Tolkien was the greatest writer
of the twentieth century; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Lord of the Rings</i> his greatest work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This most recent reading was my twelfth. I have read many of Tolkien’s posthumously
published works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have just finished his
translation and lectures on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beowulf</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am particularly appreciative of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silmarillian;
</i>once I had read it, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hobbit </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Lord of the Rings </i>were revealed to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I read them again – it was like reading
them for the first time.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I am less than a fan of the Peter
Jackson movies of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hobbit </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Lord of the Rings</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I have never seen a Tolkien based movie I could like. </span>In
fact Jackson's third instalment of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hobbit</i>
was my motivation for reading and extracting quotes from the books themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I recently read a description of Jackson’s
third <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hobbit</i> move as "<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Bloating of the Five Pages”</i>; how appropriate.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What follows are my chosen quotes
from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fellowship of the Ring -</i> Book
One. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>There are two books in each volume of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lord of the Rings</i> trilogy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I read, I mark and annotate the passages
that interest me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will be typing them
up and posting them here “At the Agora” as time permits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once I have them all recorded, I intend to
index all the quotes as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;">The Fellowship of the Ring</span></i><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 107%;"> – Book I – J. R. R. Tolkien <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Prologue<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sources – Bilbo’s
Books: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Further information will
also be found in the selection from the Red Book of Westmarch that has already
been published, under the title of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Hobbit</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That story was derived from
the earlier chapters of the Red Book, composed by Bilbo himself, the first
Hobbit to become famous in the world at large, and called by him <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">There and Back Again,</i> since they told of
his journey into the East and his return: an adventure which later involved all
the Hobbits in the great events of the Age are here related.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hobbits Described:</b>
“Hobbits are an unobtrusive but very ancient people, more numerous formerly
than they are today; for they love peace and quiet and good tilled earth: a
well-ordered and well-farmed countryside was their favorite haunt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They do not and did not understand or like
machines more complicated than a forge-bellows, a water-mill, or a hand-loom,
though they were skillful with tools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even in ancient days they were, as a rule, shy of ‘the Big Folk’, as
they call us, and now they avoid us with dismay and are becoming hard to
find.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are quick of hearing and
sharp-eyed, and though they are inclined to be fat and do not hurry
unnecessarily, they are nonetheless nimble and deft in their movements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They possessed from the first the art of
disappearing swiftly and silently, when large folk whom they do not wish to
meet come blundering by; and this art they have developed until to Men it may
seem magical. But Hobbits have never, in fact, studied magic of any kind, and
their elusiveness is due solely to a professional skill that heredity and
practice, and a close friendship with the earth, have rendered inimitable by
bigger and clumsier races. - - - For they are a little people, smaller then
Dwarves: less stout and stocky, that is, even when they are not actually much
shorter. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their height is variable, ranging
between two and four feet of our measure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They seldom now reach three feet; but they have dwindled, they say, and
in ancient days they were taller.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to the Red Book, Bandobras Took (Bullroarer), son of Isengrim
the Second, was four foot five and able to ride a horse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was surpassed in all Hobbit records only
by two famous characters of old; but that curious matter is dealt with in this
book. - - - As for the Hobbits of the Shire, with whom these tales are
concerned, in the days of their peace and prosperity they were a merry
folk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They dressed in bright colors,
being notably fond of yellow and green; but they seldom wore shoes, since their
feet had tough leathery soles and were clad in a thick curling hair, much like
the hair of their heads, which was commonly brown.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, the only craft little practiced among
them was shoe-making; but they had long and skillful fingers and could make
many other useful and comely things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Their faces were as a rule good-natured rather than beautiful, broad,
bright eyed, red-cheeked, with mouths apt to laughter, and to eating and
drinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And laugh they did, and eat,
and drink, often and heartily, being found of simple jests at all times, and of
six meals a day (when they could get them).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were hospitable and delighted in parties, and in presents, which
they gave away freely and eagerly accepted.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 20-21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo and Frodo 1<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">st</span></sup>
Make Hobbits Important in the “World”:</b> But in the days of Bilbo, and of
Frodo his heir, they suddenly became, by no wish of their own, both important
and renowned, and troubled the counsels of the Wise and the Great.” p. 22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Three Breeds of
Hobbits:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . the Hobbits had
already become divided into three somewhat different breeds: Harfoots, Stoors,
and Fallohides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Harfoots were
browner of skin, smaller, and shorter, and they were beardless and bootless;
their hands and feet were neat and nimble; and they preferred highlands and
hillsides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Stoors were broader,
heavier in build; their feet and hands were larger, and they preferred flat
lands and riversides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Fallohides
were fairer of skin and also of hair, and they were taller and slimmer than the
others; they were lovers of trees and woodlands. . . Even in Bilbo’s time the
strong Fallohidish strain could still be noted among the greater families, such
as the Tooks and the Masters of Buckland.” pp. 22-23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Language:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It was in these early days, doubtless, that
the Hobbits learned their letters and began to write after the manner of the
Dunedain, who had in their turn long before learned the art from the
Elves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in those days also they
forgot whatever languages they had used before, and spoke ever after the Common
Speech, the Westron as it was named, that was current through all the lands of
the kings of Arnor to Gondor, and about all the coasts of the Sea from Belfalas
to Lune.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet they kept a few words of
their own, as well as their own names of months and days, and a great store of
personal names out of the past.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 24 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Numbering of
the Years:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus began the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shire-reckoning</i>, for the year of the
crossing of the Brandywine (as the Hobbits turned the name) became Year One of
the Shire, and all later dates were reckoned from it.” p. 24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Relationship to
the King:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“While there was still a
king they were in name his subjects, but they were, in fact, ruled by their own
chieftains and meddled not at all with events in the world outside . . . in
that war the North kingdom ended; and then the Hobbits took the land for their
own, and they chose from their own chiefs a Thain to hold the authority of the
king that was gone.” p. 25<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">They Forgot the
Service of the Rangers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They forgot
or ignored what little they had ever know of the Guardians, and of the labours
of those that made possible the long peace of the Shire.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 25 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. On Global Warming:</b>
“Even the weather had grown milder, and the wolves that had once come ravening
out of the North in bitter white winters were now only a grandfather’s tale.”
p. 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Pampered but
Tough People – Think America:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Nonetheless, ease and peace had left this people still curiously
tough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were, if it came to it,
difficult to daunt or to kill; and they were, perhaps, so unwearyingly fond of good
things not least because they could, when put to it, do without them, and could
survive rough handling by grief, foe, or weather in a way that astonished those
who did not know them well and looked no further than their bellies and their
well-fed faces.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Facial Hair:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . they were well known to be Stoors in a
large part of their blood, as indeed was shown by the down that any grew on
their chins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No Harfoot or Fallohide had
any trace of a beard.” p. 27 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Genealogy:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They drew long and elaborate family-trees
with innumerable branches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In dealing
with Hobbits it is important to remember who is related to whom, and in what
degree.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 28 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pipe-weed:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There is another thing about the Hobbits of
old that must be mentioned, an astonishing habit: they imbibed or inhaled,
through pipes of clay or wood, the smoke of the burning leaves of an herb,
which they called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pipe-weed</i> or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">leaf</i>, a variety probably of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nicotiana</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . I suspect, original brought over Sea by
the Men of Westerness.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 28-29<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Laws from the
King:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Yet the Hobbits still said of
wild folk and wicked things (such as trolls) that they had not heard of the
king.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For they attributed to the king of
old all their essential laws; and usually kept the laws of free will, because
they were The Rules (as they said), both ancient and just.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 30 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Precious:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Gollum] possessed a secret treasure that
had come to him long ages ago, when he lived still in the light: a ring of gold
that made its wearer invisible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
the one thing he loved, his ‘precious’, and he talked to it even when it was
not with him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spared out of
Pity: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There Gollum crouched at bay,
smelling and listening; and Bilbo was tempted to slay him with his sword.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But pity stayed him, and though he kept the
ring, in which his only hope lay, he would not use it to help him kill the
wretched creature at a disadvantage.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
34 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s First
Story “Inaccurate”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now it is a
curious fact that this is not the story as Bilbo first told it to his
companions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To them his account was that
Gollum had promised to give him a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">present</i>
if he won the game . . . This account Bilbo set down in his memoirs, and he
seems never to have altered it himself, not even at the Council of Elrond.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evidently it still appeared in the original
Red Book, as it did in several of the copies and abstracts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But many stories contain the true account (as
an alternative), derived no doubt, from notes by Frodo or Samwise, both of whom
learned the truth, though they seem to have been unwilling to delete anything
actually written by the old hobbit himself.” pp. 34-35<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Truth Is
Important: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Gandalf, however,
disbelieved Bilbo’s first story, as soon as he head it, and he continued to be
very curious about the ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually
he got the true tale out of Bilbo after much questioning, which for a while
strained their friendship; but the wizard seemed to think the truth
important.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though he did not say so to
Bilbo, he also thought it important, and disturbing, to find that the good
hobbit had not told the truth from the first: quite contrary to his
habit.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 35 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Note on the Shire Records<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sources: </b>“This
account of the end of the Third Age is drawn mainly form the Red Book of
Westmarch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That most important source
for the history of the War of the Ring was so called because it was long
preserved at Undertowers, the home of the Fairbairns, Wardens of the
Westmarch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was in origin Bilbo’s
private diary, which he took with him to Rivendell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo brought it back to the Shire, together
with may loose leaves of notes and during S.S. 1420-1 he nearly filled its
pages with his account of the War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
annexed to it and preserved with it, probably in a single red case, were the
three large volumes, bound in red leather, that Bilbo gave to him as a parting
gift.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 37<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Scholarly
Works:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But the chief importance of
Findegil’s copy [Began under the direction of Thain Peregrin.] is that it alone
contains the whole of Bilbo’s ‘Translations from the Elvish’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These three volumes were found to be a work
of great skill and learning in which, between 1403 and 1418, he had used all
the sources available to him in Rivendell, both living and written.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But since they were little used by Frodo,
being almost entirely concerned with the Elder Days, no more is said of them
here.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Celeborn Departs
with the Last Living Memories of the Elder Days:</b> “It was probably at Great
Smials that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Tale of Years</i> was put
together, with the assistance of material collected by Meriadoc . . . It is
probable that Meriadoc obtained assistance and information from Rivendell, which
he visited more than once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There, though
Elrond had departed, his sons long remained, together with some of the
High-elven folk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is said that Celeborn
went to dwell there after the departure of Galadriel; but there is no record of
the day when at last he sought the Grey Havens, and with him went the last
living memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.” p. 39<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Book One<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo,
Well-Preserved and Rich:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Time wore
on, but it seemed to have little effect on Mr. Baggins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At ninety he was much the same as at
fifty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At ninety-nine they began to
call him <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">well</i>-preserved; but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unchanged </i>would<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>have been nearer the mark.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>There were some that shook their heads
and thought this<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>was too much of a
good thing<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">; </i>it seemed unfair that
anyone should possess<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> (apparently) </i>perpetual
youth as well as (reputedly) in-exhaustible wealth.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 43<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tweens</i>:</b> “At that time Frodo was
still in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tweens, </i>as the hobbits
called the irresponsible twenties between childhood and coming of age at
thirty-three. “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 44 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Ages of
Hobbits:</b> “Bilbo was going to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eleventy-one</i>,
111, a rather curious number, and a very respectable age for a hobbit (the Old
Took himself had only reached 130); and Frodo was going to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">thirty-three</i>, 33, an important number:
the date of his ‘coming of age’.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 44<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Linage
and Relationship to Bilbo:</b> “’Baggins is his name, but he’s more than half a
Brandybuck, they say . . . Well, so they say,’ said the Gaffer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You see: Mr. Drogo, he married poor Miss
Primula Brandybuck.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was our Mr.
Bilbo’s first cousin on the mother’s side (her mother being the youngest of the
Old Took’s daughters): and Mr. Drogo was his second cousin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So Mr. Frodo is his first <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and </i>second cousin, once removed either
way, as the saying is, if you follow me.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 45 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">26. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sixty Years since
Bilbo’s Adventure:</b> “I [the Gaffer] saw Mr. Bilbo when he came back, a
matter of sixty years ago, when I was a lad.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. On Gandalf and His Fireworks:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That was Gandalf’s mark, of course, and the
old man was Gandalf the wizard, whose fame in the Shire was due mainly to his
skill with fires, smokes, and lights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His real business was far more difficult and dangerous, but the
Shire-folk knew nothing about it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 48<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hobbits and
Birthdays: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Hobbits give presents to
other people on their own birthdays.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
very expensive ones, as a rule, and not so lavishly as on this occasion
[September 22 – Bilbo and Frodo’s combine birthday]; but it was not a bad
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Actually in Hobbiton and Bywater
every day in the year was some-body’s birthday, so that every hobbit in those
parts had a fair chance of at least one present at least once a week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they never got tired of them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 50-51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Art Improves with
Age:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The art of Gandalf improved
with age.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.51 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29. Hobbiton Opinion of Bilbo’s Poetry:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] was liable to drag in bits of what
he called poetry, and sometimes, after a glass or two, would allude to the absurd
adventures of his mysterious journey.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Proudfoots:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Proud-FEET!’ shouted an elderly hobbit from
the back of the pavilion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His name, of
course, was Proudfoot, and well merited; his feet were large, exceptionally
furry, and both were on the table.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
53-54 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Back-handed
Complement:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I don’t know half of you half as well as I should like; and I like less
than half of you half as well as you deserve.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></i>p. 54<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">32<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Frodo’s Love for
Bilbo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Frodo was the only one
present who had said nothing . . . he realized suddenly that he loved the old
hobbit dearly.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 56<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">33.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Bilbo Gives Up
the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo took out the
envelope, but just as he was about to set it by the clock, his hand jerked
back, and the packet felon the floor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Before he could pick it up, the wizard stooped and seized it and set in
in its place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A spasm of anger passed
swiftly over the hobbit’s face again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Suddenly it gave way to a look of relief and a laugh.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Poem:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Road goes ever on and on – Down from the
door where it began. – Now far ahead the Road has gone, - And I must follow, if
I can, - Pursuing it with eager feet, - Until it joins some larger way – Where
many paths and errands meant. – And whither then?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I cannot say.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s House
Cluttered Up:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo’s residence had
got rather cluttered up with things in the course of his long life.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">36<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Gandalf Wonders
about the Ring – Keep It safe, Keep It Secret:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’I have merely begun to wonder about the
ring, especially since last night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
need to worry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if you take my advice
you will use it very seldom, or not at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At least I beg you not to use it in any way that will cause talk or
rouse suspicion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I say again: keep it
safe, and keep it secret!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 68<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Friends;
in the Seventeen Year Interim:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He
[Frodo] lived alone, as Bilbo had done; but he had a good many friends,
especially among the younger hobbits (mostly descendants of the Old Took) who
had as children been found of Bilbo and often in and out of Bag End.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Folco Boffin and Fredegar Bolger were two of
these; but his closest friends were Pergrin Took (usually called Pippin), and
Merry Brandybuck (his real name was Meriadoc, but that was seldom
remembered).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo went tramping over
the Shire with them; but more often he wandered by himself, and to the
amazement of sensible folk he was sometimes seen far from home walking in the
hills and woods under the starlight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Merry and Pippin suspected that he visited the Elves at times, as Bilbo
had done.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 70-71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Young Looking
Frodo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As time went on, people
began to notice that Frodo also showed signs of good ‘preservation’:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>outwardly he retained the appearance of a
robust and energetic hobbit just out of his tweens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Some folk have all the luck,’ they said; but
it was not until Frodo approached the usually more sober age of fifty that they
began to think it queer.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Importance of
Being Fifty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“So it went on, until
his forties were running out, and his fiftieth birthday was drawing near:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fifty was a number that he felt was somehow
significant (or ominous); it was at any rate at that age that adventure had
suddenly befallen Bilbo.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 71 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Elves are
Leaving:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Elves, who seldom walked
in the Shire, could be seen passing westward through the woods in the evening,
passing and not returning; but they were leaving Middle-earth and were no
longer concerned with its troubles.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
72<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Evil Power
Driven From Mirkwood in the Dark Tower:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“It seemed that the evil power in Mirkwood had been driven out by the
White Council only to reappear in greater strength in the old strongholds of
Mordor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Dark Tower had been rebuilt
. . .” p. 72<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tree-Men:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘All right,’ said Sam, laughing with the
rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But what about these Tree-men,
these giants, as you might call them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They do say that one bigger than a tree was seen up away beyond the
North Moors not long back.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 73<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Making of Magic
Rings:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’In Eregion long ago many
Elven-rings were made, magic rings as you call them, and they were, of course,
of various kinds: some more potent and some less.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lesser rings were only essays in the
craft before it was full-grown, and to the Elven-smiths they were but
trifles—yet still to my mind dangerous for mortals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the Great Rings, the Rings of Power, they
were perilous.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 76 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Effects of
the Rings of Power:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘A mortal,
Frodo, who keeps one of the Great Rings, does not die, but he does not grow or
obtain more life, he merely continues, until at last every minute is a
weariness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if he often uses the Ring
to make himself invisible, he <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fades:</i>
he becomes in the end invisible permanently, and walks in the twilight under
the eye of the dark power that rules the Rings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, sooner or later—later, if he is strong or well-meaning to begin
with, but neither strength<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nor good
purpose will last—sooner or later the dark power will devour him.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Knowing:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Know?’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I have known much that only the Wise know,
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I do not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">know</i>, one might say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
is a last test to make.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, I no longer
doubt my guess.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meet Saruman:</b>
“‘I might perhaps have consulted Saruman the White, but something always held
me back.’ - - - ‘Who is he?’ asked Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘I have never heard of him before.’ - - - ‘Maybe not,’ answered
Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Hobbits are, or were, no
concern of his.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet he is great among
the Wise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is the chief of my order
and the head of the Council.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
knowledge is deep, but his pride has grown with it, and he takes ill any
meddling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lore of the Elven-rings,
great and small, is his province.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has
long studied it, seeking the lost secrets of their making; but when the Rings
were debated in the Council, all that he would reveal to us of his ring-lore
told against my fears.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 78 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Escape
from the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Of course, he
possessed the ring for many years, and used it, so it might take a long while
for the influence to wear off—before it was safe for him to see it again, for
instance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Otherwise, he might live on for
years, quite happily: just stop as he was when he parted with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For he gave it up in the end of his own
accord: an important point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, I was
not troubled about dear Bilbo any more, once he had let the ring go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">you</i>
that I feel responsible.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 79 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Rings:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Three rings
for the Elven-kings under the sky, -- Seven for the Dwarf-lords n their halls
of stone, - - Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die, - - One for the Dark Lord on
his dark throne - - In the land of Mordor where the Shadows lie. - - One Ring
to rule them all, One Ring to find them, - - One ring to bring them all and in
the darkness bind them, - - In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.” p. 81
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Return of the Dark Lord:</b> [Gandalf] “. . . I told you of Sauron
the Great, the Dark Lord, the rumors that you have heard are true: he has
indeed arisen again and left his hold in Mirkwood and returned to his ancient
fastness in the Dark Tower of Mordor . . . Always after a defeat and a respite,
the Shadow takes another shape and grows again.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 82<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I wish - - - But:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’I wish
it need not have happened in my time,’ said Frodo. - - ‘So do I,’ said Gandalf,
‘and so do all who live to see such times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But that is not for them to decide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.’” p.
82 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Danger of the Ring:</b> [Gandalf] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Enemy still lacks one thing to give him
strength and knowledge to beat down all resistance, break the last defenses,
and cover all the lands in a second darkness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He lacks the One Ring. - -- The Three, fairest of all, the Elf-lords hid
from him. And his hand never touched them or sullied them. Seven the
Dwarf-kings possessed, but three he has recovered, and the others the dragons
have consumed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nine he gave to Mortal
Men, proud and great, and so ensnared them. - - - So it is now: the Nine he has
gathered to himself; the Seven also, or else they are destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Three are hidden still.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that no longer troubles him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He only needs the One; for he made the Ring
himself, it is his, and he let a great part o his own former power pass into
it, so that he could rule all the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If he recovers it, then he will command them all again, wherever they
be, even the Three, and all that has been wrought with them will be laid bare,
and he will be stronger than ever.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
82 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">52.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why We
Need the Ancient Tales – (Think Homer):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘It was taken from him,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘The strength of the Elves to resist him was greater long ago; and not
all Men were estranged from them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Men of Westernesse came to their aid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is a chapter of ancient history which it
might be good to recall; for there was sorrow then too, and gathering dark, but
great valour, and great deeds that were not wholly vain.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 83<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sauron’s Overthrow:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’It was
Gil-galad, Elven-king and Elendil of Westernesse who overthrew Sauron, though
they themselves perished in the deed; and Isldur Elendil’s son cut the Ring
from Sauron’s hand and took it for his own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then Sauron was vanquished and his spirit fled and was hidden for long
years, until his shadow took shape again in Mirkwood.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 83<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stoor Matriarchy: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There was
among them a family of high repute, for it was large and wealthier than most,
and it was ruled by a grandmother of the folk, stern and wise in old lore, such
as they had.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gollum Takes the Ring by Murder and Uses It for Evil:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . he [Gollum] caught Deagol by the
throat and strangled him, because the gold looked so bright and beautiful . . .
and he found that none of his family could see him, when he was wearing the
ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was very pleased with his
discovery and he concealed it; and he used it to find out secrets, and he put
his knowledge to crooked and malicious uses.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Alone Gave Up the Ring on His Own:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Ring of Power looks after itself,
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It</i> may slip off treacherously, but its keeper never abandons
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At most he plays with the idea of
handing it on to some one else’s care—and that only at an early stage, when it
first begins to grip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But as far as I
know Bilbo alone in history has ever gone beyond playing, and really done
it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 87 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">57.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“’The
Ring left <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">him</i> [Gollum], but an Other
Power at Work:</b> “‘ - - - What, just in time to meet Bilbo?’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Wouldn’t an Orc have suited it better?’ - - - ‘It is no laughing
matter,’ said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Not for
you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the strangest event in the
whole history of the Ring so far: Bilbo’s arrival just at that time, and
putting his hand on it, blindly, in the dark. - - - ‘There was more than one power
at work, Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ring was trying to
get back to its master.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had slipped
from Isildur’s hand and betrayed him; then when a chance came it caught poor
Deagol, and he was murdered; and after that Gollum, and it had devoured
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It could make no further use of
him: he was too small and mean; and as long as it stayed with him he would
never leave his deep pool again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So now,
when its master was awake once more and sending out his dark thought from
Mirkwood, it abandoned Gollum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only to
be picked up by the most unlikely person imaginable: Bilbo form the Shire! - -
- ‘Behind that there was something else at work, beyond any design of the
Ring-maker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I can put it no plainer than
by saying that Bilbo was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">meant</i> to
find the Ring, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i>by its maker. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In which case you also were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">meant </i>to have it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And that may be an encouraging thought.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 87-88 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn and the Capture of Gollum:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[Gandalf] “And my search would have been in vain, but for the help that
I had from a friend:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aragorn, the greatest
traveler and huntsman of this age of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Together we sought for Gollum down the whole length of Wilderland,
without hope, and without success.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
at last, when I had given up the chase and turned to other parts, Gollum was
found.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My friend returned out of great
perils bringing the miserable creature with him”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 91 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Pity:</b> [Frodo] “What a pity that Bilbo did not stab that vile
creature, when he had a chance!” - - - [Gandalf] “Pity?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Pity that stayed his hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pity, and Mercy: not to strike without
need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he has been well rewarded,
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Be sure that he took so little
hurt from the evil, and escaped in the end, because he began his ownership of
the Ring so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With Pity.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 92<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Capital Punishment and Who Deserves Death or Life: </b>[Frodo] “Now
at any rate he is as bad as an Orc, and just an enemy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He deserves death.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf] - - - “Deserves it!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I daresay he does.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many that live deserve death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And some that die deserve life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can you give it to them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then do not be too eager to deal out death in
judgement.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 92-93 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Foresees Gollum’s Part and Tells of the Kindness of Elves: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“For even the very wise cannot see all
ends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have not much hope that Gollum
can be cured before he dies, but there is a chance of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he is bound up with the fate of the
Ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My heart tells me that he has some
part to play yet, for good or ill, before the end; and when that comes, the
pity of Bilbo may rule the fate of many—yours not least.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In any case we did not kill him: he is very
old and very wretched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Wood-elves
have him in prison, but they treat him with such kindness as they can find in
their wise hearts.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 93 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How to Destroy the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Gandalf]
“Your small fire, of course, would not melt even ordinary gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This Ring has already passed through it
unscathed, and even unheated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there
is no smith’s forge in the Shire that could change it at all. Not even the
anvils and furnaces of the Dwarves could do that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been said that dragon-fire could melt
and consume the Rings of Power, but there is not now any dragon left on earth
in which the old fire is hot enough; nor was there ever any dragon, not even
Ancalagon the Black, who could have harmed the One Ring, the Ruling Ring, for
that was made by Sauron himself. - - - ‘There is only one way: to find the
Cracks of Doom in the depths of Orodruin the Fire-mountain, and cast the Ring
in there, if you really wish to destroy it, to put it beyond the grasp of the
Enemy for ever.” p. 94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo Questions His Calling:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“‘I
do really wish to destroy it!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cried
Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Or, well, to have it
destroyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am not made for perilous
quests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wish I had never seen the
Ring!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why did it come to me?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why was I chosen?’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 94-95 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Refuses the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘No!’
cried Gandalf, springing to his feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘With that power I should have power to great and terrible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And over me the Ring would gain a power still
greater and more deadly.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His eyes
flashed and his face was lit as by a fire within.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Do not temp me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For I do not wish to become like the Dark
Lord himself. Yet the way of the Ring to my heart is by pity, pity for weakness
and the desire of strength to do good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Do not tempt me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I dare not take
it, not even to keep it safe, unused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The wish to wield it would be too great for my strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I shall have such need of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great perils lie before me.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Hobbits: Bilbo’s Wisdom and Frodo’s Quality:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘My dear Frodo!” exclaimed Gandalf. ‘Hobbits
really are amazing creatures, as I have said before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can learn all that there is to know about
their ways in a month, and yet after a hundred years they can still surprise
you at a pinch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hardly expected to get
such an answer, [Going alone to ‘save the Shire’.] not even from you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Bilbo made no mistake in choosing his
heir, though he little thought how important it would prove.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.96-97 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam Longs to See the Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘I would dearly love to see <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">them</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Couldn’t you take me to see Elves, sir, when
you go?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 98 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Longing for Elves and Rivendell:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘Rivendell’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Very
good: I will go east, and I will make for Rivendell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will take Sam to visit the Elves; he will
be delighted.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He spoke lightly; but his
heart was moved suddenly with the desire to see the house of Elrond Halfelven,
and breathe the air of that deep valley were many of the Fair Folk still dwelt
in peace.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 100 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Singing with Friends: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“When
they had sung many songs, and talked of many things they had done together,
they toasted Bilbo’s birthday, and they drank his health and Frodo’s together
according to Frodo’s custom.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 103 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo on the One Road:</b> [Frodo] “Certainly it reminds me very much
of Bilbo in the last years, before he went away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He used often to say there was only one Road;
that it was like a great river: its springs were at every doorstep, and every
path was its tributary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It’s a
dangerous business, Frodo, going out of your door,” he used to say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You step into the Road, and if you don’t
keep your feet, there is no knowing where you might be swept off to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do you realize that this is the very path
that goes through Mirkwood, and that if you let it, it might take you to the
Lonely Mountain or even further and to worse places?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gildor and the Elves in Exile:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘I am Gildor,’ answered their leader, the Elf who had first hailed him.
‘Gildor Inglorion of the House of Finrod.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are Exiles, and most of our kindred have long ago departed and we too
are now only tarring here a while, ere we return over the Great Sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But some of our kinsfolk dwell still in peace
in Rivendell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Come now, Frodo, tell us
what you are doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For we see that
there is some shadow of fear upon you.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 118 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Beauty of Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Pippin afterwards recalled little of either food or drink, for his mind
was filled with the light upon the elf-faces, and the sound of voices so
various and so beautiful that he felt in a waking dream.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 121<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elves on Advice:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘And it is
also said,’ answered Frodo: ‘Go not to the Elves for counsel, for they will say
both no and yes.’ - - - ‘It is indeed?’ laughed Gildor, ‘Elves seldom give
unguarded advice, for advice is a dangerous gift, even from the wise to the
wise, and all courses may run ill.’” p. 123<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">It Was the Elves that Told Sam Not to Leave Frodo: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’ You still mean to come with me.’ - - - ‘I
do.’ - - - ‘It is going to be very dangerous, Sam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is already dangerous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most likely neither of us will come back.’ -
- -‘If you don’t come back, sir, then I shan’t, that’s certain,’ said Sam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Don’t
you leave him! they said to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leave
him!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>I said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I never
mean to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am going with him, if he
climbs to the Moon; and if any of those Black Riders try to stop him, they’ll
have Sam Gamgee to reckon with, </i>I said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They laughed.’ - - - ‘Who are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they</i>,
and what are you talking about?’ - - - ‘The Elves, sir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had some talk last night; and they seemed
to know you were going away, so I didn’t see the use of denying it.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 126<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam on Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Wonderful
folk, Elves, sir! Wonderful!’ - - - ‘They are,’ said Frodo, ‘Do you like them
still, now you have had a closer view?’ - - - ‘They seem a bit above my likes
and dislikes, so to speak,’ answered Sam slowly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It don’t seem to matter what I think about
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are quite different from what
I expected—so old and young, and so gay and sad, as it were.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 126-127 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo and Farmer Maggot:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘What’s
wrong with old Maggot?’ asked Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘He’s a good friend to all the Brandybucks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course he’s a terror to trespassers, and
keeps ferocious dogs—but after all, folk down here are near the border and have
to be more on their guard.’ - - - ‘I know,’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But all the same,’ he added with a
shamefaced laugh, ‘I am terrified of him and his dogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have avoided his farm for years and
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He caught me several times
trespassing after mushrooms, when I was a youngster at Brandy Hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the last occasion he beat me and then took
me and showed me to his dogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“See,
lads,” he said, “next time this young varmint sets foot on my land, you can eat
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now see him off!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They chased me all the way to the Ferry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have never got over the fright—though I
daresay the beasts knew their business and would not really have touched me.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 132<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shire Folk Don’t Lock Their Doors:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“The Bucklanders kept their doors locked after dark, and that also was
not usual in the Shire.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 142<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hobbits Love of Mushrooms:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Hobbits have a passion for mushrooms, surpassing even the greediest
likings of the Big People.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A fact which
partly explains young Frodo’s long expeditions to the renowned fields of the
Marish, and the wrath of the injured Maggot.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 146 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trusting Friends:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘It all
depends on what you want,’ put in Merry. ‘You can trust us to stick to you
through thick and thin—to the bitter end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And you can trust us to keep any secret of your—closer than you keep it
yourself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you cannot trust us to let
you face trouble alone, and go off without a word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are your friends, Frodo.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 150 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Old Forest, according to Merry</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Merry answered . . . the Forest is queer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everything in it is very much alive, more
aware of what is going on, so to speak, than things are in the Shire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the trees do not like strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They watch you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are usually content merely to watch you,
as long as daylight lasts, and don’t do much.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Occasionally the most unfriendly ones may drop a branch, or stick a root
out, or grasp at you with a long trailer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 156 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">80. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom Bombadil:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“With another
hop and a bound there came into view a man or so it seemed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any rate he was too large and heavy for a
hobbit, if not quite tall enough for one of the Big People, though he made
noise enough for one, stumping along with great yellow boots on his thick legs,
and charging through grass and rushes like a cow going down to drink.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a blue coat and a long brown beard;
his eyes were blue and bright, and his face was red as a ripe apple, but
creased into a hundred wrinkles of laughter. In his hands he carried on a large
leaf as on a tray a small pile of white water-lilies.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 168 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goldberry:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In a chair, at
the far side of the room facing the outer door, sat a woman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her long yellow hair rippled down her
shoulders; her gown was green, green as young reeds, shot with silver like
beads of dew; and her belt was of gold, shaped like a chain of flag-lilies set
with the pale-blue eyes of forget-me-nots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>About her feet in wide vessels of green and brown earthenware, white
water-lilies were floating, so that she seemed to be enthroned in the midst of
a pool.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 172<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fordo to Goldberry:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’Fair lady
Goldberry!’ said Frodo at last, feeling his heart moved with a joy that he did
not understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stood as he had at
times stood enchanted by fair elven-voices; but the spell that was now laid
upon him was different: less keen and lofty was the delight, but deeper and
nearer to mortal heart; marvelous and yet not strange.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 173 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goldberry to Frodo, Elf Friend:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“‘Welcome!’
she said. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I had not heard that folk of
the Shire were so sweet-toned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I see
you are an elf-friend; the light in your eyes and the ring in your voice tells
it.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 173<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goldberry on Tom:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Fair
lady!’ said Frodo again after a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Tell me, if my asking does not seem foolish, who is Tom Bombadil?’ - -
- ‘He is,’ said Godberry, staying he swift movements and smiling. - - - Fordo
looked at her questioningly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘He is, as
you have seen him,’ she said in answer to his look.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘He is the Master of wood, water, and hill.’
- - - ‘then all this strange land belongs to him?’ - - - ‘No indeed!’ she
answered, and her smile faded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘That
would indeed be a burden, she added in a low voice, as if to herself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The trees and the grasses and all things
growing or living in the land belong each to themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tom Bombadil is the Master.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one has ever caught old Tom walking in the
forest, wading in the water, leaping on the hill-tops under light and
shadow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has no fear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tom Bombadil is master.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 173-174<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">85. Heed Not the Nightly
Noises:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Have peace now,’ she said,
‘until the morning!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heed not the
nightly noises!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For nothing passes door
and window here save moonlight and starlight and the wind off the hill top.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 175 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Chance and the Willow-man:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“At last Frodo Spoke: - - - ‘Did you hear me calling, Master, or was it
just chance that brought you at that moment?’ - - - Tom stirred like a man
shaken out of a pleasant dream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Eh,
what?’ said he.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Did I hear you calling?
Nay, I did not her: I was busy singing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just chance brought me then, if chance you call it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was no plan of mine, though I was waiting for
you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We heard news of you, and learned
that you were wandering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We guessed
you’d come ere long down to the water; all paths lead that way, down to
Withy-windle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old Grey Willow-man, he’s
a mighty singer; and it’s hard for little folk to escape his cunning mazes.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 175-176<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Dream of Gandalf:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“It seemed to Frodo that he was lifted up, and passing over he saw that
the rock-wall was a circle of hills, and that within it was a plain, and in the
midst of the plain stood a pinnacle of stone, like a vast tower but not made by
hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On its top stood the figure of a
man.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The moon as it rose seemed to hang
for a moment above his head and glistened in his white hair as the wind stirred
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Up from the dark plain below came
the crying of fell voices, and the howling of many wolves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly a shadow, like the shape of great
wings, passed across the moon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
figure lifted his arms and a light flashed from the staff that he wielded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A mighty eagle swept down and bore him
away.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 177 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">No Rain on Tom:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Tom
Bombadil came trotting round the corner of the house, waving his arms as if he
was warding off the rain—and indeed when he sprang over the threshold he seemed
quite dry, except for his boots.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 180
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Nature the Willow-man and trees: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As they listened, they began to understand
the lives of the Forest, apart from themselves, indeed to feel themselves as
the strangers where all other things were at home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moving constantly in and out of his talk was Old
Man Willow, and Frodo learned now enough to content him, indeed more than
enough, for it was not comfortable lore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tom’s words laid bare the hearts of trees and their thoughts, which were
often dark and strange, and filled with a hatred of things that go free upon
the earth, gnawing, biting, breaking, hacking, burning: destroyers and
usurpers.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 180-182 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom on the Barrow Downs:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“They heard of the Great Barrows, and the green mounds, and the
stone-rings upon the hills and in the hollows among the hills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sheep were bleating in flocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Green walls and white walls rose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were fortresses on the heights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kings of little kingdoms fought together, and
the young Sun shone like fire on the red metal of their new and greedy
swords.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was victory and defeat;
and towers fell, fortresses were burned, and flames went up into the sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gold was piled on the biers of dead kings
and queens; and mounds covered them, and the stone doors were shut; and the
grass grew over all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sheep walked for a
while biting the grass, but soon the hills were empty again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A shadow came out of dark places far away,
and the bones were stirred in the mounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Barrow-wights walked in the hollow places with a clink of rings on cold
fingers, and gold chains in the wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Stone rings grinned out of the ground like broken teeth in the
moonlight.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 181<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Before the World Changed:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“. . . Tom went singing out into ancient starlight, when only the
Elf-sires were awake.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 182 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom Was First “I Am That I Am”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘Eh, what?’ said Tom sitting up, and his eyes glinting in the
gloom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Don’t you know my name yet?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s the only answer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tell me, who are you, alone, yourself and
nameless?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you are young and I am
old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eldest, that’s what I am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mark my words, my friends: Tom was here
before the river and the trees; Tom remembers the first raindrop and the first
acorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He made paths before the Big
People, and saw the little People arriving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was here before the Kings and the graves and the Barrow-wights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the Elves passed westward, Tom was here
already, before the seas were bent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless—before the Dark Lord came
from Outside.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 182 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Songs and Stars “in” the Water:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“After they had eaten, Goldberry sang many songs with them, songs that
began merrily in the hills and fell softly down into silence; and in the
silences they saw in their minds pools and waters wider than any they had
known, and looking into them they saw the sky below them and the stars like
jewels in the depths.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 183-184 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bombadil on Framer Maggot:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“. . . he [Tom] made no secret that he owed his recent knowledge largely
to Farmer Maggot, whom he seemed to regard as a person of more importance than
they had imagined.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘There’s earth under
his old feet, and clay on his fingers; wisdom in his bones, and both his eyes
are open,’ said Tom.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 184<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom Has Dealings with Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“It was also clear that Tom had dealings with the Elves, and it seemed
that in some fashion, news had reached him from Gildor concerning the flight of
Frodo. “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 184 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom and the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Show me
the precious Ring!’ he [Tom] said suddenly in the midst of the story; and
Frodo, to his own astonishment, drew out the chain from his pocket, and
unfastening the Ring handed it at once to Tom. - - - It seemed to grow larger
as it lay for a moment on his big brown-skinned hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then suddenly he put it to his eye and
laughed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a second the hobbits had a
vision, both comical and alarming, of his bright blue eyes gleaming through a
circle of gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Tom put the Ring
round the end of his little finger and held it up to the candle-light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a moment the hobbits noticed nothing
strange about this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then they
gasped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was no sign of Tom
disappearing! - - - Tom laughed again, and then he spun the Ring in the air—and
it vanished with a flash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo gave a
cry—and Tom leaned forward and handed it back to him with a smile.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 184-185<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
Ring Cannot Hide Frodo from Tom:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“.
. . It was the same Ring . . . But something prompted him to make sure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was perhaps a trifle annoyed with Tom for
seeming to make so light of what even Gandalf thought so perilously
important.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He waited for an opportunity
. . . then he slipped the Ring on. - - - Merry turned towards him to say
something and gave a start, and checked an exclamation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo was delighted (in a way): it was his
own ring all right, for Merry was staring blankly at his chair, and obviously
could not see him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He got up and crept
quietly away from the fireside towards the outer door. - - - ‘Hey there!’ cried
Tom, glancing towards him with a most seeing look in his shining eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Hey! Come Frodo, there!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where be you a-going?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old Tom Bombadil’s not as blind as that
yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take off you golden ring!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your hand’s more fair without it’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 185<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Not Even Tom Is a Weather-master:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Tom now told them that he reckoned the Sun would shine tomorrow, and it
would be a glad morning, and setting out would be hopeful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they would do well to start early; for weather
in that country was a thing that even Tom could not be sure of for long, and it
would change sometimes quicker than he could change his jacket.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am no weather-master,’ he said; ‘nor is
aught that goes on two legs.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 185<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tom’s Help Song: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ho! Tom
Bombadil, Tom Bombadillo! - - - By water, wood and hill, by reed and willow, -
- - By fire, sun and moon, harken now and hear us! - - - Come, Tom Bombadil,
for our need is near us!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 186<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s “Dream” of Heaven:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“But either in his dreams or out of them, he could not tell which, Frodo
heard a sweet singing running in his mind: a song that seemed to come like a
pale light behind a grey rain-curtain, and growing stronger to turn the veil
all to glass and silver, until at last it was rolled back, and a far green
country opened before him under a swift sunrise.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 187 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Seed of Courage and Frodo’s Quality:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There is a seed of courage hidden (often
deeply, it is true) in the heart of the fattest and most timid hobbit, waiting
for some final and desperate danger to make it grow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo was neither very fat nor very timid;
indeed, though he did not know it, Bilbo (and Gandalf) had thought him the best
hobbit in the Shire.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 194 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Naked Running:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But Tom
shook his head, saying: ‘You’ve found yourselves again, out of the deep
water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clothes are but little loss, if
you escape from drowning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Be glad, my
merry friends, and let the warm sunlight heat now heart and limb!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cast off these cold rags!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Run naked on the grass, while Tom goes
a-hunting!’ . . . The air was growing very warm again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hobbits ran about for a while on the
grass, as he told them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then they lay
basking in the sun with the delight of those that have been wafted suddenly
from bitter winter to a friendly clime or of people that, after being long ill
and bedridden, wake one day to find that they are unexpectedly well and the day
is again full of promise.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 198-199 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Treasures from the Barrow:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“While they were eating Tom went up to the mound, and looked through the
treasures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of these he made into a
pile that glistened and sparkled on the grass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He bade them lie there<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘free to
all finders, birds, beasts, Elves or Men, and all kindly creatures’; for so the
spell of the mound should be broken and scattered and no Wight ever come back
to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He chose for himself from the
pile a brooch set with blue stones, many-shaded like flax-flowers or the wings
of blue butterflies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He looked long at
it, as if stirred by some memory, shaking his head, and saying at last, - - - ‘Here
is a pretty toy for Tom and for his lady!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Fair was she who long ago wore this on her shoulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goldberry shall wear it now, and we will not
forget her!’ - - - For each of the hobbits he chose a dagger, long, leaf
shaped, and keen, of marvelous workmanship, damasked with serpent-forms in red
and gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They gleamed as he drew them
from their black sheaths, wrought of some strange metal, light and strong, and
set with many fiery stones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether by
some virtue in the sheaths or because of the spell that lay on the mound, the
blades seemed untouched by time, un-rusted, sharp, glittering in the sun. - - -
‘Old knives are long enough as swords for hobbit-people,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Sharp blades are good to have, if Shire-fold
go walking, east, south, or far away into dark and danger.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he told them that these blades were
forged many long years ago by Men of Westerness: they were foes of the Dark
Lord, but they were overcome by the evil king of Carn Dum in the Land of
Angmar.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 200-201<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Descendants of the Kings of Westerness – the Rangers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’Few now remember them,’ Tom murmured, ‘yet
still some go wandering, sons of forgotten kings walking in loneliness,
guarding from evil things folk that are heedless.’ - - - The hobbits did not
understand his words, but as he spoke they had a vision as it were of a great
expanse of years behind them, like a vast shadowy plain over which there strode
shapes of Men, tale and grim with bright swords, and last came one with a star
on his brow.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 201<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">105<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bree Folk:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Men of Bree were brown-haired, broad,
and rather short, cheerful and independent: they belonged to nobody but
themselves; but they were more friendly and familiar with Hobbits, Dwarves,
Elves, and other inhabitants of the world about them than was (or is) usual
with Big People.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to their own
tales they were the original inhabitants and were the descendants of the first
Men that ever wandered into the West of the middle-world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few had survived the turmoils of the Elder
Days; but when the Kings returned again over the Great Seas they had found the
Bree-men still there, and they were still there now, when the memory of the old
Kings had faded into the grass.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 205<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">106. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rangers:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . in the wild
lands beyond Bree there were mysterious wanderers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bree-folk called them Rangers, and knew
nothing of their origin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were
taller and darker than the Men of Bree and were believed to have strange powers
of sight and hearing, and to understand the languages of beasts and birds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They roamed at will southwards and eastwards
even as far as the Misty Mountains; but they were now few and rarely
seen.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 205<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Hobbits of Bree: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There
were also many families of hobbits in the Bree-land; and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they</i> claimed to be the oldest settlement of Hobbits in the world,
one that was founded long before even the Brandywine was crossed and the Shire
colonized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They lived mostly in Staddle
though there were some in Bree itself, especially on the higher slopes on the
hill, above the houses of the Men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Big Folk and the Little Folk (as they called one another) were on friendly
terms, minding their own affairs in their own ways, but both rightly regarding
themselves as necessary parts of the Bree-folk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nowhere else in the world was this peculiar (but excellent) arrangement
to be found . . . in the Bree-land, at any rate, the hobbits were decent and
prosperous, and no more rustic than most of their distant relatives
Inside.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 206 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Prancing Pony:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Even
from the outside the inn looked a pleasant house to familiar eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had a front on the Road, and two wings
running back on land partly cut out of the lower slopes of the hill, so that at
the rear the second-floor windows were level with the ground . . . - - - As
they [Frodo and Company] hesitated outside in the gloom, someone began singing
a merry song inside, and many cheerful voices joined loudly in the chorus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They listened to this encouraging sound for a
moment and then got their ponies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
song ended and there was a burst of laughter and clapping.” p. 209<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Butterbur and as They Say in Bree:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘Might I ask your names, sir?’ - - - ‘Mr. Took and Br. Brandybuck,’
said Frodo; ‘and this is Sam Gamgee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
name is Underhill.’ - - - ‘There now!’ said Mr. Butterbur, snapping his
fingers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It’s gone again!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it’ll come back, when I have time to
think . . . It never rains but it pours, we say in Bree.’ - - - ‘Well, now,
what was I going to say?’ said Mr. Butterbur, tapping his forehead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘One thing drives out another, so to
speak.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 210 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Glimpse at Merry’s Character:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Merry said it would be too stuffy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘I shall sit here quietly by the fire for a bit, and perhaps go out
later for a sniff of the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mind your
Ps and Qs, and don’t forget that you are supposed to be escaping in secret, and
are still on the highroad and not very far from the Shire!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.212 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">111. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bree Hobbit Are Good and Friendly:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“The Bree-hobbits were, in fact, friendly and inquisitive, and Frodo
soon found that some explanation of what he was doing would have to be
given.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gave out that he was interested
in history and geography (at which there was much wagging of heads, although
neither of these words were much used in the Bree-dialect)."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 213 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">112. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Refugees and Immigrants:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“The Bree-folk were sympathetic, but plainly not very ready to take a
large number of strangers into their little land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the travelers, a squint-eyed
ill-favored fellow, was foretelling that more and more people would be coming
north in the near future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘If room isn’t
found for them, they’ll find it for themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[Think how the Indians felt about the coming or Europeans].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They’ve a right to live, same as other folk,’
he said loudly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The local inhabitants
did not look pleased at the prospect."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 213 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">113.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strider
Described:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Who is that?’ Frodo
asked, when he got a chance to whisper to Br. Butterbur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I don’t think you introduced him.’ - - -
‘Him?’ said the land lord in an answering whisper, cocking an eye without
turning his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I don’t rightly
know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is one of the wandering
folk—Rangers we call them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seldom
talks: not but what he can tell a rare tale when he has a mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He disappears for a month, or a year, and
then he pops up again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was in and out
pretty often last spring; but I haven’t seen him about lately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What his right name is I’ve never heard: but
he’s known around here as Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goes
about at a great pace on his long shanks; though he don’t tell nobody what
cause he has to hurry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there’s no
accounting for East and West, a we say in Bree, meaning the Rangers and the
Shire-folk, begging your pardon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Funny
you should ask about him.’ . . . Frodo found that Strider was now looking at
him, as if he had heard or guessed all that had been said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Presently, with a wave of his hand and a nod,
he invited Frodo to come over and sit by him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As Frodo drew near he threw back his hood, showing a shaggy head of dark
hair flecked with grey, and in a pale stern face a pair of keen grey
eyes.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 215<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sun a She:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“*Elves (and
Hobbits) always refer to the Sun as She.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 218<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">115. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strider Is Older than He Looks:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“I [Strider] am older than I look.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 225<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf’s Description of Frodo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A stout little fellow with red
cheeks,’ </i>said Mr. Butterbur solemnly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pippin chuckled, but Sam looked indignant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘That
won’t help you much; it goes for most hobbits, Barley, </i>he says to me,’
continued Mr. Butterbur with a glance at Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘But
this one is taller than some and fairer than most, and he has a cleft in his
chin: perky chap with a bright eye.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 227<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Courage of Barliman Butterbur:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘They come from Mordor,’ said Strider in a low voice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘From Mordor, Barliman, if that means
anything to you.’ - - - ‘Save us!’ cried Mr. Butterbur turning pale; the name
evidently was known to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘That is the
worst news that has come to Bree in my time.’ - - - ‘It is,’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Are you still willing to help me?’ - - - ‘I
am,’ said Mr. Butterbur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘More than
ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thought I don’t know what the
likes of me can do against, against’ ----he faltered.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 229 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">118. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merry<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Is Out “Leading”:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Where’s your Mr. Brandybuck?” - - - ‘I
don’t know,’said Frodo with sudden anxiety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had forgotten all about Merry, and it was getting late.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am afraid he is out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said something about going for a breath of
air.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 230 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf’s Handwriting:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Inside, written in the wizard’s strong but graceful script was the
following message: . . . “ p. 230<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As They Say in the Shire:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“‘But handsome is as handsome does, as we say in the Shire; and I
daresay we shall all look mush the same after lying for days in hedges and
ditches.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 232 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Aragorn’s Oath:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘But I <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">am</i> the real Strider, fortunately,’ he
said, looking down at them with his face softened by a sudden smile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I am Aragorn son of Arathorn; and if by life
or death I can save you, I will.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
233 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo on Aragorn:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“At last
Frodo spoke with hesitation. ‘I believe that you were a friend before the
letter came,’ he said, ‘or at least I wished to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have frightened me several times tonight,
but never in the way that servants of the Enemy would, or so I imagine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think one of his spies would—well, seem
fairer and feel fouler, if you understand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 233 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">123. Strider on Aragorn:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘I see,’ laughed Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I look four and feel fair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is that it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All that is gold does not glitter, not all those that wander are lost.’
- - - Did the verses apply to you then?’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">asked</span> Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I could not
make out what they were about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But how
did you know that they were in Gandalf’s letter, if you have never seen it?’ -
- - ‘I did not know,’ he answered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But
I am Aragorn, and those verses go with that name.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He drew out his sword, and they saw that the
blade was indeed broken a foot below the hilt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘Not much use is it, Sam?’ said Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘But the time is near when it shall be forged anew.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 233 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">124. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Merry, Once Again:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Merry
came in with a rush followed by Nob.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
shut the door hastily, and leaned against it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was out of breath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They stared
at him in alarm for a moment before he gasped: ‘I have seen them, Frodo I have
seen them! Black Riders!’ - - -‘Black Riders!’ cried Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Where?’ - - - ‘Here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the village.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I stayed indoors for an hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then as you did not come back, I went out for
a stroll.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had come back again and was
standing just outside the light of the lamp looking at the stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly I shivered and felt that something
horrible was creeping near: there was a sort of deeper shade among the shadows
across the road, just beyond the edge of the lamplight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It slid away at once into the dark without a
sound. There was no horse.’ - - - ‘Which way did it go?’ asked strider,
suddenly and sharply. - - - Merry started, noticing the stranger for the first
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Go on!’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘This is a friend of Gandalf’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will explain later.’ - - - ‘It seemed to
make off up the Road, eastward,’ continued Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I tried to follow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, it vanished almost at once, but I
went round the corner and on as far as the last house on the Road.’ - - -
Strider looked at Merry with wonder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘You have stout heart,’ he said; ‘but it was foolish.’ - - - ‘I don’t
know,’ said Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Neither brave nor
silly, I think.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could hardly help
myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I seemed to be drawn somehow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway, I went, and suddenly I heard voices
by the hedge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One was muttering; and the
other was whispering, or hissing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
couldn’t hear a word that was said. I did not creep any closer, because I began
to tremble all over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then I felt terrified,
and I turned back, and was just going to bolt home, when something came behind
me and I . . . I fell over.’ - - - ‘I found him, sir, put in Nob.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Mr. Butterbur sent me out with a lantern.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I went down to West-gate, and then back up
towards South-gate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just nigh Bill
Ferny’s house I thought I could see something in the Road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I couldn’t swear to it, but it looked to me
as if two men was stooping over something, lifting it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I gave a shout, but when I got up to the spot
there was no signs of them, and only Mr. Brandybuck lying by the roadside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He seemed to be asleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I thought I had falling into deep water,” he
says to me, when I shook him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very queer
he was, and as soon as I had roused him, he got up and ran back here like a
hare.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 235-236 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">125. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Big Dipper:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Peering
out, Frodo saw that the night was still clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Sickle* was swinging bright above the shoulders of Bree-hill.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>*The Hobbits’ name for the Plough or Great
Bear. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">126. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bugs:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The flies began to
torment them, and the air was full of clouds of tiny midges that crept up their
sleeves and breeches and into their hair. - - - “‘I am being eaten alive!’
cried Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Midgewater!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are more midges than water!’ - - -
‘What do they live on when they can’t get hobbit?’ asked Sam, scratching his
neck. - - - The spent a miserable day in this lonely and unpleasant
country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their camping-place was damp,
cold, and uncomfortable; and the biting insects would not l them sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here were also abominable creatures haunting
the reeds and tussocks that from the sound of them were evil relatives of the
cricket.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were thousands of them,
and they squeaked all round, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">neek-breek,
breek-neek</i>, unceasingly all the night, until the hobbits were nearly
frantic.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 246-247 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">127. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Looking Better (NEP):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Already they were getting used to much walking on short commons—shorter
at any rate than what in the Shire they would have thought barely enough to
keep them on their legs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pippin declared
that Frodo was looking twice the hobbit that he had been. - - - ‘Very odd,’
said Frodo, tightening his belt, ‘considering that there is actually a good
deal less of me.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 249 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">128. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elendil and Gil-galad:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. .
. in the first days of the Noreth Kingdom, they built a great watch-tower on
Weahtertop, Aon Sul they called it . . . It is told that Elendil stood there
watching for the coming of Gil-galad out of the West, in the days of the Last
Alliance.’ - - - The hobbits gazed at Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It seemed that he was learned in old lore, as well as in the ways of the
wild.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Who was Gil-galad?’ asked Merry;
but Strider did not answer, and seemed to be lost in thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly a low voice murmured: - - -
Gil-galad was an Elven-king. - - - Of him the harpers sadly sing: - - - the
last whose realm was fair and free - - - between the Mountains and the Sea. - -
- His sword was long, his lance was keen, - - - his shining helm afar was seen;
- - - the countless stars of heaven’s field - - - were mirrored in his silver
shield. - - - But long ago he rode away, - - - and where he dwelleth none can
say; - - - for into darkness fell his star - - - in Mordor where the shadows
are.’ - - - The others turned in amazement, for the voice was Sam’s.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 250<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">129. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Bilbo’s as Teacher:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘That’s
all I know,’ stammered Sam, blushing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I
learned it from Mr. Bilbo when I was a lad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He used to tell me tales like that, knowing how I was always one for
hearing about Elves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Mr. Bilbo as
taught me my letters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was might
book-learned was dear old Mr. Bilbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
he wrote <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">poetry</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wrote what I have just said.’ - - - ‘He
did not make it up,’ said Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It
is part of the lay that is called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Fall of Gil-galad</i>, which is in an ancient tongue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo must have translated it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I never knew that.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.250-251 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">130. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Story of Beren and Luthien Tinuviel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“”That is a song,’ he said, ‘in the mode that
is called ann-thennath among the Elves, but is hard to render in our Common
Speech, and this is but a rough echo of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It tells of the meeting of Beren son of Barahir and Luthien Tinuviel. Bern
was a mortal man, but Luthien was the daughter of Thingol, a King of Elves upon
Middle-earth when the world was young; and she was the fairest maiden that has
ever been among all the children of this world. As the stars above the mists of
the Northern lands was her loveliness, and in her face was a shining
light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those days the Great Enemy, of
whom Sauron of Mordor was but a servant, dwelt in Angbad in the North, and the
Elves of the West coming back to Middle-earth made war upon him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To regain the Simarils which he had stolen;
and the fathers of Men aided the Elves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But the Enemy was victorious and Barahir was slain, and Beren escaping
through great peril came over the Mountains of Terror into the hidden Kingdom of
Thigol in the forest of Neldoreth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
he beheld Luthien singing and dancing in a glade beside the enchanted river
Esgalduin; and he named her Tinuviel, that is Nightingale in the language of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many sorrows befell them after wards, and
they were parted long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tinviel rescued
Bern from the dungeons of Sauron, and together they passed through great
dangers, and cast down even the Great Enemy from his throne, and took from his
iron crown on of the three Simarils, brightest of all jewels, to be the
bride-piece of Luthien to Thingol her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yet at the last Beren was slain by the Wolf that came from the gates of
Angband, and he died in the arms of Tinuviel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But she chose mortality, and to die from the world, so that she might
follow him; and it is sung that they met again beyond the Sundering Seas, and
after a brief time walking alive once more in the green woods, together they
passed, long ago, beyhond the confines of this world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So it is that Lutien Tinuviel alone of the Elf-kindred
has died indeed and left the world, and they have lost her whom they most
loved. But from her linage of the Elf-lords of old descended among Men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There live still those of whom Luthien was
the foremother, and it is said that her line shall never fail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elrond of Rivendell is of the Kin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For of Beren and Lutien was born Dior
Thingol’s heir; and of him Elwig the white tower whom Earendil wedded, he that
sailed his ship out of the mists of the world into the seas of heaven with the
Simaril upon his brow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And of Earendil
came the Kings of Numenor, that is Westernesse.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 260-261<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">131. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Ring Wraths as Frodo Sees Them: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Immediately [after putting on the Ring], though
everything else remained as before, dim and dark, the shapes became terribly
clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was able to see beneath their
black wrappings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were five tall
figures: two standing on the lip of the dell, three advancing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In their white faces burned keen and
merciless eyes; under their mantles were long grey robes; upon their gray hairs
were helms of silver; in their haggard hands were swords of steel.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 263<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">132. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo’s Strength:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Don’t
despair!’ said Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You must trust
me now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your Frodo is made of sterner
stuff than I had guessed, though Gandalf hinted that it might prove. So.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He is not slain, and I think he will resist
the evil power of the wound longer than his enemies will expect.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 265<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">133. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Power of the Name of Elbereth: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“More deadly to him [the Ring Wrath] was then
name of Elereth.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 265 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">134. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Morgol Knife.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘And more
deadly to Frodo was this!’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He stooped
again and lifted up a ling thin knife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was a cold gleam in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
Strider raised it they saw that near the end its edge was notched and the point
was broken off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But even as he held it
up in the growing light, they gazed in astonishment, for the blade seemed to
melt, and vanished like a smoke in the air, leaving only the hilt in Strider’s
hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Alas!’ he cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“it was this accursed knife that gave the
wound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few now have the skill in healing
to match such evil weapons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I will
do what I can.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 265-266<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">135. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Athelas</i>:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘These leaves,’ he [Strider] said, ‘I have
walked far to find; for this plant does not grow in the bare hills; but in the
thickets away south of the Road I found it in the dark by the scent of its
leaves.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He crushed a leaf in his
fingers, and it gave out a sweet and pungent fragrance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is fortunate that I could find it, for
it is a healing plant that the Men of the West brought to Middle-earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Athelas</i>
they named it, and it grows now sparsely and only near places where they dwelt
or caped of old; and it is not known in the North, except to some of those who
wander in the Wild. It has great virtues, but over such a wound as this its
healing powers may be small.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 266 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">136. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strider on History:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Where
did you learn such tales, if the land is empty and forgetful?’ asked
Peregrin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The Birds and beasts do not
tell tales of that sort. - - -‘The heirs of ELendil do not forget all things
past,’ said Strider; ‘and many more things than I can tell are remembered in
Rivendell.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 270 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">137. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strider Recognizes Merry’s Strength:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As soon as it was light, Strider took Merry
with him and went to survey the country from the height to the east of the
pass.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 273<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">138. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Trolls:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘You are
forgetting not only your family history, but all you ever knew about trolls,’
said Strider.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It is broad daylight with
a bright sun, and yet you come back trying to scare me with a tale of live
trolls waiting for us in this glade!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
any case you might have noticed that one of them has an old bird’s nest behind
his ear.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 265-276 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">140. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Power of a Song:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Won’t
somebody give us a bit of a song, while the sun is high?’ said Merry, when they
had finished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘We haven’t had a song or
a tale for days.’ - - - ‘Not since Weathertop,’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The others looked at him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Don’t worry about me!’ he added.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I feel much better, but I don’t think I
could sing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps Sam could dig
something out of his memory.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 276 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">141. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sam the Song Maker:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘Where
did you come by that, [song about trolls] Sam?’ asked Pippin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I’ve never heard those words before.’ - -
Sam muttered something inaudible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘It’s
out of his own head, of course,’ said Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>‘I am learning a lot about Sam Gamgee on this journey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First he was a conspirator, now he’s a
jester.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’ll end up becoming a
wizard—or a warrior!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 278 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">142. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Morality:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘There!’
said Merry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘That must be the stone that
marked the place where the trolls’ gold was hidden.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How much is left of Bilbo’s share, I wonder,
Frodo?’ - - - Frodo looked at the stone, and wished that Bilbo had brought home
no treasure more perilous, nor less easy to part with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘None at all,’ he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Bilbo gave it all away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told me he did not feel it was really his,
as it came from robbers.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 278 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">143.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Glorfindel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The sound of hoofs drew nearer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were going fast, with a light <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">clippety-clippety-clip</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then faintly, as if it was blown away from
them by the breeze, they seemed to catch a dim ringing, as of small bells
tinkling. - - - ‘That does not sound like a Black Rider’s horse!’ said Frodo,
listening intently.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other hobbits
agreed hopefully that it did not, but they all remained full of suspicion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had been in fear of pursuit for so long
that any sound from behind seemed ominous and unfriendly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bu Strider was now leaning forward, stooped
to the ground, with a hand to his ear, and a look of joy on his face. - - - The
light faded, and the leaves on the bushes rustled softly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clearer and nearer now the bells jingled, and
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">clippety-clip </i>came the quick trotting
feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suddenly into view below came a
white horse, gleaming in the shadows, running swiftly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the dusk its headstall flickered and
flashed, as if it were studded with gems like living stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rider’s cloak streamed behind him, and
his hood was thrown back; his golden hair flowed shimmering in the wind of his
speed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To Frodo it appeared that a white
light was shining through the form and raiment of the rider, as if through a
thin veil. - - - Strider sprang from hiding and dashed down towards the Road,
leaping with a cry through the heather; but even before he had moved or called,
the rider had reined his horse and halted, looking up towards the thicket where
they stood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he saw Strider, he
dismounted and ran to meet him calling out: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ai
na verdui Dunadan!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mae govannen!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His speech and clear ringing voice left no
doubt in their hearts: the rider was of the Elven-folk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No others that dwelt in the wide world had
voices so fair to hear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there seemed
to be another of haste or fear in his call, and they saw that he was now
speaking quickly and urgently to Strider. - - - Soon Strider beckoned to them,
and the hobbits left the bushes and hurried down to the Road.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘This is Glorfindel, who dwells in the house
of Elrond,’ said Strider. - - - ‘Hail, and well met at last!’ said the Elf-lord
to Frodo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘I was sent form Rivendell to
look for you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We feared that you were in
danger upon the road.’ - - - ‘Then Gandalf has reached Rivendell?’ cried Frodo
joyfully. - - - ‘No.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had not when I
departed; but that was nine days ago,’ answered Glofindel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Elrond received news that troubled him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of my kindred, journeying in your land
beyond the Barnduin,*(* The Brandywine River) learned that things were amiss,
and sent messages as swiftly as they could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They said that the Nine were abroad, and that you were astray bearing a
great burden without guidance, for Gandalf had not returned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are few even in Rivendell that can ride
openly against the Nine; but such as there were, Elrond sent out north, west,
and south.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was thought that you might
turn far aside to avoid pursuit, and become lost in the Wilderness. - - - ‘It
was my lot to take the Road, and I came to the Bridge of Mitheithel, and left a
token there, nigh on seven days ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Three of the servants of Sauron were upon the Bridge, but they withdrew
and I pursued them westward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I came also
upon two others, but they turned away southward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since then I have searched for your
trail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two days ago I found it, and
followed it over the Bridge; and today I marked where you descended from the
hills again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But come!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no time for gather news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since you are here we must risk the peril of
the Road and go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are five behind
us, and when they find your trail upon the Road they will ride after us like
the wind. And they are not all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
the other four may be, I do not know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
fear that we may find the Ford is already held against us.’ . . . Glrofindel
caught Frodo as he sank to the ground, and taking him gently in his arms he
looked in his face with grave anxiety. - - - Briefly Strider told of the attack
on their camp under Weathertop, and of the deadly knife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He drew out the hilt, which he had kept, and
handed it to the Elf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glorfindel
shuddered as he took it, but he looked intently at it. - - - ‘There are evil
things written on this hilt,’ he said; ‘though maybe your eyes cannot see them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keep it, Aragorn, till we reach the house of
Elrond!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But be wary, and handle it as
little as you may!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alas! The wounds of
this weapon are beyond my skill to heal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I will do what I can—but all the more do I urge you now to go on without
rest.’ - - - He searched the wound on Frodo’s shoulder with his fingers, and
his face grew graver, as if what he learned disquieted him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Frodo felt the chill lessen in his side
and arm; a little warmth crept down from his shoulder to his hand, and the pain
grew easier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dusk of evening seemed
to grow light about him, as if a cloud had been withdrawn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He saw his friends’ faces more clearly again,
and a measure of new hope and strength returned. - - - ‘You shall ride my
horse,’ said Glorfindel. ‘I will shorten the stirrups up to the saddle-skirts,
and you must sit as tight as you can. But you need not fear: my horse will not
let any rider fall that I command him to bear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His pace is light and smooth; and if danger presses too near, he will
bear you away with a speed that even the black steeds of the enemy cannot
rival.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 279-282 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">144. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Frodo Confronts the Nine and His Sword Is Broken:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘By Elbereth and Luthien the Fair,’ said
Frodo with a last effort, lifting up his sword, ‘you shall have neither the
Ring nor me!’ - - - Then the leader, who was now half across the Ford, stood up
menacing in his stirrups, and raised up his hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frodo was stricken dumb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt his tongue cleave to his mouth, and
his heart laboring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His sword broke and
fell out of his shaking hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
elf-horse reared and snorted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
foremost of the black horses had almost set foot upon the shore.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 286<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">145. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Fall of the Ring Wraths at the Ford, the Glory of Glofindel:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“At that moment there came a roar and a
rushing: a noise of loud waters rolling many stones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dimly Frodo saw the river below him rise, and
down along its course there came a plumed cavalry of waves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>White flames seemed to Frodo to flicker on
their crests and he half fancied that he saw amid the water white riders upon
white horses with frothing manes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
three Riders that were still in the midst of the Ford were overwhelmed: they
disappeared, buried suddenly under angry foam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those that were behind drew back in dismay. - - - With his last failing
senses Frodo heard cries, and it seemed to him that he saw, beyond the Riders
that hesitated on the shore, and shinning figure of white light; and behind it
ran small shadowy forms waving flames, that flared red in the grey mist that
was falling over the world. - - - The black horses were filled with madness,
and leaping forward in terror they bore their riders into the rushing
flood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their piercing cries were drowned
in the roaring of the rive as it carried them away.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 286 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-36005133151125634912015-02-16T20:31:00.000-07:002015-03-03T20:47:44.105-07:00The Hobbit by J. R. R. Tolkien<br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I first met <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Hobbit
</i>when my fifth grade teacher read it to our class.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have been a Tolkien fan ever since and have read the book many times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>There have been several attempts to make
Tolkien’s master works into movies – all have failed. I recently went to the
last instalment of Peter Jackson’s movie version.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only thing I got out of it was an
overpowering need to re-read the book for myself, inorder t</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">o get the wonder of the story back. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>I have placed 144 quotes below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They should help those who have read the book to
recapture the wonder. I also hope they will save those who have only seen the movies from the corrupted vision they present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><em>The Hobbit</em>, J. R. R. Tolkien<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">About Hobbits:</b>
“They are inclined to be fat in the stomach; they dress in bright colors
(chiefly green and yellow); wear no shoes, because their feet grow natural
leathery soles and thick warm brown hair like the stuff on their heads (which is curly); have
long clever brown fingers, good-natured faces, and laugh deep fruity laughs
(especially after dinner, which they have twice a day when they can get it).”
p. 4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">About Tooks:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It was often said (in other families) that
long ago one of the Took ancestors must have taken a fairy wife.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That was, of course, absurd, but certainly
there was still something not entirely hobbitlike about them and once in a
while members of the Took-clan would go and have adventures . . . the Tooks
were not as respectable as the Bagginses, though they were undoubtedly
richer.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Took Side: </b>“Bilbo
. . . got something a bit queer in his make-up from the Took side, something
that only waited for a chance to come out.” p. 5 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Described:</b>
“All that the unsuspecting Bilbo saw that morning was an old man with a
staff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had a tall pointed blue hat, a
long gray cloak, a silver scarf over which his long white beard hung down below
his waist, and immense black boots.” p. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo on Gandalf
and His Fireworks:</b> “Gandalf, Gandalf!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Good gracious me!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not the
wandering wizard that gave Old Took a pair of magic diamond studs that fastened
themselves and never came undone till ordered?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not the fellow who used to tell such wonderful tales at parties, about
dragons and goblins and giants and the rescue of princesses and the unexpected
luck of widows' sons?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not the man that
used to make such particularly excellent fireworks!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I remember those!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Old Took used to have them on Midsummer’s
Eve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Splendid!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They used to go up like great lilies and
snapdragons and laburnums [One of a genus of Eurasian poisonous shrubs and
trees of the pea family, having bright-yellow flowers.] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of fire and hang in the twilight all evening!
. . . Not the Gandalf who was responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses
going off into the Blue for mad adventures?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Anything from climbing trees to visiting elves—or sailing in ships,
sailing to other shores!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Needed an Engagement
Book:</b> “He did not remember things very well, unless he put them down on his
Engagement Tablet . . .” p. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Balin Described:</b>
“. . . there was a very old-looking dwarf on the step with a white beard and a
scarlet hood . . .” p. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fili and Kili Described:</b>
“it was two more dwarves, both with blue hoods, silver belts, and yellow beards
. . .” p. 9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Smoking Game</b>:
“. . . Thorin with his feet on the fender smoking a pipe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was blowing the most enormous smoke-rings,
and wherever he told one to go, it went—up the chimney, or behind the clock on
the mantelpiece, or under the table, or round and round the ceiling; but
wherever it went it was not quick enough to escape Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pop! He sent a smaller smoke-ring from his
short clay-pipe straight through each one of Thorin’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then Gandalf’s smoke-ring would go green and
come back to hover over the wizard’s head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had a cloud of them about him already, and in the dim light it made
him look strange and sorcerous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo
stood still and watched—he loved smoke rings—and then he blushed to think how
proud he had been yesterday morning of the smoke-rings he had sent up the wind
over The Hill.” pp. 13-14<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Power of
Music:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As they sang the hobbit felt
the love of beautiful things made by hands and by cunning and by magic moving
through him, a fierce and a jealous love, the desire of the hearts of
dwarves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The something Tookish woke up
inside him, and he wished to go and see the great mountains, and hear the
pine-trees and the waterfalls, and explore the caves, and wear a sword instead
of a walking-stick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He looked out the
window.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stars were out in the dark
sky above the trees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He thought of the
jewels of the dwarves shinning in dark caverns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Suddenly in the wood beyond The Water a flame leapt up—probably somebody
lighting a wood-fire—and he thought of plundering dragons setting on his quiet
Hill and kindling it all to flames.” p. 16 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Power of the
Took Side:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then Mr. Baggins turned
the handle and went in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Took side
had won.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 18 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fate of Thorin’s
Grandfather and Father and on the Necromancer:</b> “I did not ‘get hold of it
[Map of the Mountain],’ I was given it,” said the wizard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your grandfather Thror was killed, you
remember, in the mines of Moria by Azog the Goblin. . . Your father went away
to try his luck with the map after your grandfather was killed’ and lot of
adventures of a most unpleasant sort he had, but he never got near the
Mountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How he got there I don’t know,
but I found him a prisoner in the dungeons of the Necromancer. “- - “Whatever
were you doing there?” asked Thorin with a shudder, and all the dwarves
shivered. - - “Never you mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
finding things out, as usual; and a nasty dangerous business it was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even I Gandalf, only just escaped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I tried to save your father, but it was too
late.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was witless and wandering, and
had forgotten almost everything except the map and the key.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 25<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More on the
Necromancer: </b>“He is an enemy far beyond the power of all dwarves put
together, if they could all be collected again form the four corners of the
world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 25 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Trolls:</b>
“Three very large persons sitting round a very large fire of beech-logs. . .
But they were trolls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Obviously
trolls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even Bilbo, in spite of his sheltered
life, could see that: from the great heavy faces of them and their size, and
the shape of their legs, not to mention their language, which was not
drawing-room fashion at all, at all.” p. 33 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Trolls Turned to
Stone:</b> “Dawn take you all, and be stone to you” said a voice that sounded
like William’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it wasn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For just at that moment the light came over
the hill, and there was a mighty twitter in the branches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>William never spoke for he stood turned to stone
as he stooped; and Bert and Tom were stuck like rocks as they looked at
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there they stand to this day,
all alone, unless the birds perch on them, for trolls, as you probably know,
must be underground before dawn, or they go back to the stuff of the mountains
they are made of, and never move again.” pp.39-40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Swords from
the Trolls:</b> “—and among them were several swords of various makes, shapes,
and sizes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two caught their eyes
particularly, because of the beautiful scabbards and jeweled hilts. - - Gandalf
and Thorin each took one of these; and Bilbo took a knife in the leather
sheath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would have made only a tiny
pocket-knife for a troll, but it was as good as a sword for the hobbit.” p. 41 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Good Times in the
Last [First] Homely House East of the Sea:</b> “And so at last they came to the
Last Homely House, and found its doors flung wide. - - Now it is a strange
thing, but things that are good to have and days that are good to spend are
soon told about, and not much to listen to; while things that are uncomfortable,
palpitating, and even gruesome, may make a good tale, and take a deal of
telling anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They stayed long in that
good house, fourteen days at least, and they found it hard to leave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo would gladly have stopped there for
ever and ever—even supposing a wish would have taken him right back to his hobbit-hole
without trouble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet there is little to
tell about their stay.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 48 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Master Elrond:</b>
“The master of the house was an elf-friend—one of those people whose fathers
came into the strange stories before the beginning of History, the wars of the
evil goblins and the elves and the first men in the North.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In those days of our tale there were still
some people who had both elves and heroes of the North for ancestors, and
Elrond the master of the house was their chief.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- - He was as noble as and as fair in face as an elf-lord, as strong as
a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind
as summer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He comes into many tales . .
.” pp. 48-49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Last Homely
House:</b> “His house was perfect, whether you liked food, or sleep, or work,
or story-telling, or singing, or just sitting and thinking best, or a pleasant
mixture of them all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Evil things did not
come into that valley.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 49 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">26. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Magic Swords:</b>
“They are old swords, very old swords of the High Elves of the West, my
kin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were made in Gondolin for the
Goblin-wars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They must have come from a
dragon’s hoard or goblin plunder, for dragons and goblins destroyed that city
many ages ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This, Thorin, the runes
name Orcrist, the Goblin-cleaver in the ancient tongue of Gondolin; it was a
famous blade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This, Gandalf, was
Glamdring, Foe-hammer that the king of Gondolin once wore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keep them well!” p. 49 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maps,
Moon-letters, and Bilbo’s Handwriting: </b>“The moon was shining in a broad
silver crescent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He [Elrond] held up the
map and the white light shone through it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“What is this?” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There
are moon-letters here, beside the plain runes which say ‘five feet high the
door and three may walk abreast.’” - - What are moon-letters?” asked the hobbit
full of excitement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He loved maps, as I
have told you before; and he also liked runes and letters and cunning
handwriting, though when he wrote himself it was a bit thin and spidery.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 50 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stone Giants:</b>
“When he [Bilbo] peeped out in the lightning-flashes, he saw that across the
valley the stone-giants were out, and were hurling rocks at one another for a
game, and catching them, and tossing them down into the darkness where they
smashed among the trees far below, or splintered into little bits with a bang.”
p. 55 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fili and Kili –
Young Dwarves:</b> “. . . they sent Fili and Kili to look for a better
shelter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had very sharp eyes, and
being the youngest of the dwarves by some fifty years they usually got these
sort of jobs.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 55 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Danger of
Caves:</b> “That, of course is the dangerous part about caves: you don’t know
how far they go back, sometimes, or where a passage behind my lead to, or what
is waiting for you inside.” pp. 55-56 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Saves
Gandalf:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There were six [goblins]
to each dwarf, at least, and two even for Bilbo; and they were all grabbed and
carried through the crack, before you could say <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tinder and flint</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But not
Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo’s yell had done that much
good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had wakened him up wide in a
splintered second, and when goblins came to grab him. There was a terrific
flash like lightning in the cave, a smell like gunpowder, and several of them
fell dead.” p. 57 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Goblins:</b>
“Now goblins are cruel, wicked, and bad-hearted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They make no beautiful things, but they make
many clever ones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They can tunnel and
mine as well as any but the most skilled dwarves, when they take the trouble,
though they are usually untidy and dirty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hammers, axes, swords, daggers pickaxes, tongs, and also instruments of
torture, they make very well, or get other people to make to their design,
prisoners and slaves that have to work till they die for want of air and
light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not unlikely that they
invented some of the machines that have since troubled the world, especially
the ingenious devices for killing large numbers of people at once, for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>wheels and engines and explosion always
delight them, and also not working with their own hand more than they could
help; . . . “ p. 59 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dwarf/Goblin
Relations: </b>“They did not hate dwarves especially, no more than they hated
everybody and everything, and particularly the orderly and prosperous; in some
parts wicked dwarves and even made alliance with them.” p. 59 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rescued by
Gandalf:</b> “Suddenly a sword flashed in its own light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo say it go right through the Great
Goblin as he stood dumbfounded in the middle of his rage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fell dead, and the goblin soldiers fled
before the sword shrieking into the darkness.” p. 61<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Light of the Magic
Swords:</b> “He [Gandalf] took out his sword again, and again it flashed in the
dark by itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It burned with a rage
that made it gleam if goblins were about; now it was bright as blue flame for
delight in the killing of the great lord of the cave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It made no trouble whatever of cutting
through the goblin-chains and setting all the prisoners free as quickly as
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sword’s name was
Glamdring the Foe-hammer, if you remember.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The goblins just called it Beater, and hated it worse than Biter if
possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Orcrist, too, had been saved;
for Gandalf had brought it along as well, snatching it from one of the
terrified guards.” p. 62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Finding of
the Ring:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] guessed as well as he
could, and crawled along for a good way, till suddenly his hand met what felt
like a tiny ring of cold metal lying on the floor of the tunnel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a turning point in his career, but he
did not know it.” p. 65 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Sword and
Elf Blade Too:</b> “Now he drew it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It shone pale and dim before his eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“So it is an elvish blade, too,” he thought; “and goblins are not very
near, and yet not far enough.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evolution of Cave
Fish:</b> “There are strange things living in the pools and lakes in the hearts
of mountains: fish whose father swam in, goodness only know how many years ago,
and never swam out again, while their eyes grew bigger and bigger and bigger
from trying to see in the blackness; also there are other things more slimy
than fish.” p. 67 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Gollum’s
History:</b> “I don’t know where he came from, nor who or what he was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was Gollum—as dark as darkness, except for
two big round pale eyes in his thin face.” p. 68<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Riddle
Game:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Riddles were all he could
think of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Asking them, and sometimes
guessing them, had been the only game he had ever played with other funny
creatures sitting in their holes in the long, long ago, before he lost all his
friends and was driven away, alone, and crept down, down, into the dark under
the mountains.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 69 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More on the
Riddle Game:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] knew, of
course, that the riddle-game was sacred and of immense antiquity, and even
wicked creatures were afraid to cheat when they played at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he felt he could not trust this slimy
thing to keep any promise at a pinch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any excuse would do for him to slide out of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And after all that last question had not been
a genuine riddle according to the ancient laws.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 75 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Ring Still
Allows for the Casting of a Shadow:</b> “He [Gollum] wanted it because it was a
ring of power, and if you slipped that ring on your finger, you were invisible;
only in the full sunlight could you be seen, and then only by your shadow, and
that would be shaky and faint.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 76 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">43 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pity and Fair
Play:</b> “No, not a fair fight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
invisible now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gollum had no sword.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gollum had not actually threatened to kill
him, or tried to yet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he was
miserable, alone, lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A sudden
understanding, a pity mixed with horror, welled up in Bilbo’s heart: a glimpse
of endless unmarked days without light or hope of betterment, hard stone, cold
fish, sneaking and whispering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All these
thoughts passed in a flash of a second.” p. 81<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goblins Do Not
Like the Sun:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But they [gobblins] don’t like
the sun: it makes their legs wobble and their heads giddy.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 84 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Call to
Duty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . a very uncomfortable
thought was growing inside him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
wondered whether he ought not now he had the magic ring, to go back into the
horrible, horrible tunnels and look for his friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had just made up his mind that it was his
duty, that he must turn back—and very miserable he felt about it—when he heard
voices.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dwarves Lacking
in Duty:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The dwarves wanted to know
why he had even been brought at all, why he could not stick to his friends and
come along with them, and why the wizard had not chosen someone with more
sense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He has been more trouble than use
so far,” said one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If we have got to go
back now into those abominable tunnels to look for him, then drat him, I
say.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 86<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More about Bilbo
than You Guess:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What did I tell
you?” said Gandalf laughing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Mr. Baggins
has more about him than you guess.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
gave Bilbo a queer look from under his bushy eyebrows, as he said this, and the
hobbit wondered if he guessed at the part of his tale that he had left out.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 88 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Bilbo’s Scouting
Skills:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He nibbled a bit of sorrel,
and he drank from a small mountain stream that crossed the path, and he ate
three wild strawberries that he found on its bank, but it was not much
good.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 90 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Saying from
Bilbo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What shall we do, what shall
we do!” he cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Escaping goblins to
be caught by wolves!” he said, and it became a proverb, though we now say “out
of the frying-pan into the fire” in the same sort of uncomfortable
situations.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 92 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dori Saves Bilbo</b>
<strong>- Dwarves Do Duty after All:</strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Still Dori
did not let Bilbo down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He waited till
he had clambered off his shoulders into the branches, and then he jumped for
the branches himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only just in time!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A wolf snapped at his cloak as he swung up,
and nearly got him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 93 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Good Men on the
Frontiers: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There were many of them,
and they were brave and well-armed, and even the Wargs dared not attack them if
there were many together, or in the bright day.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 95 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Flaming
pine-cones:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“He [Gandalf] gathered
the huge pine-cones from the branches of the tree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he set one alight with bright blue fire,
and threw it whizzing down among the circle of the wolves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It struck one on the back, and immediately
his shaggy coat caught fire, and he was leaping to and fro yelping
horribly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then another came and another,
one in blue flames, one in red, another in green. . . A specially large one hit
the chief wolf on the nose, and he leaped in the air ten feet, and then rushed
round and round the circle biting and snapping even at the other wolves in his
anger, and fright. . . if a spark got in their coats it stuck and burned into
them, and unless they rolled over quick they were soon all in flames. “ pp.
95-96<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Some Thoughts on
Eagles:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Eagles are not kindly
birds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some are cowardly and cruel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the ancient race of the northern
mountains were the greatest of all birds; they were proud and strong and
noble-hearted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They did not love
goblins, or fear them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 97<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goblins Do Not
Fear Fire:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Goblins are not afraid
of fire, and they soon had a plan which seemed to them most amusing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 97 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Could
Have Died:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then Gandalf climbed to
the top of his tree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sudden splendor
flashed from his wand like lightning, as he got ready to spring down from on
high right among the spears of the goblins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That would have been the end of him, though he would probably have
killed many of them as he came hurtling down like a thunderbolt. “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 99 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf, Friend
to Eagles:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The wizard and the
eagle-lord appeared to know one another slightly, and even to be on friendly
terms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a matter of fact Gandalf, who
had often been in the mountains, had once rendered a service to the eagles and
healed their lord from an arrow-wound.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 103<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dwarves Do Not
Use Matches:</b> “Gandalf, too, was lying down after doing his part in getting
the fire going, since Oin and Gloin had lost their tinder-boxes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Dwarves have never taken to matches even
yet.)”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 103 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bathing in the
River:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then they took off their
clothes and bathed in the river, which was shallow and clear and stony at the
ford.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 107 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Beorn:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He changes his skin: sometimes he is a huge
black bear, sometimes he is a great strong black-haired man with huge arms and
great bread. . . He keeps hives and hives of great fierce bees, and lives most
on cream and honey.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 108 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Radagast: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I am a wizard,” continued Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I have heard of you, if you have not heard
of me; but perhaps you have heard of my good cousin Radagast who lives near the
Southern borders of Mirkwood?” - - - “Yes; not a bad fellow as wizards go, I
believe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I used to see him now and
again,” said Beorn.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 111 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beorn’s Animal
Servants:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Beorn clapped his hands,
and in trotted four beautiful white ponies and several large long-bodied grey
dogs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beorn said something to them in a
queer language like animal noises turned into talk. . . The dogs could stand on
their hind-legs when they wished, and carry thing with their fore-feet.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 117 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beorn Kills His Prisoners:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What did you do with the goblin and the
Warg?” asked Bilbo suddenly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - “Come
and see!” said Beorn, and they followed round the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A goblin’s head was stuck outside the gate
and a warg-skin was nailed to a tree just beyond.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 123<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Packs Lighter All
Too Soon:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo thought his lot was
wearisomely heavy . . . Don’t you worry!” said Thorin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It will get lighter all too soon.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 128 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">64. <strong>There Are No Safe Paths:</strong><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“There are no safe paths in the part of the world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 129 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Singing in the
Forest:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Sometimes there was singing
in the distance too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The laughter was
the laughter of fair voices not of goblins, and the singing was beautiful . . .
“ p. 136<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Kills
Spiders:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo came at it [a
spider] before it could disappear and stuck it with his sword right in the
eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then it went mad and leaped and
danced and flung out its legs in horrible jerks, until he killed it with
another stroke; and then he fell down and remembered nothing more for a long
while. - - - There was the usual dim grey light of the forest-day about him
when he came to his senses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spider
lay dead beside him, and his sword-blade was stained black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all
alone by himself in the dark without help of the wizard or the dwarves or of
anyone else, made a great difference to Mr. Baggins.” p. 144 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Names His
Sting:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He felt a different person,
and much fiercer and bolder in spite of an empty stomach, as he wiped his sword
on the grass and put it back into its sheath. - - - “I will give you a name,”
he said to it, “and I shall call you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sting</i>”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 144<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Throws Some
Rocks:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo saw that the moment
had come when he must do something.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
could not get up at the brutes and he had nothing to shoot with; but looking
about he saw that in this place there were many stones lying in what appeared
to be a now dry little watercourse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bilbo was a pretty fair shot with a stone, and it did not take him long
to find a nice smooth egg-shaped one that fitted his hand cozily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a boy he used to practice throwing stones
at things, until rabbits and squirrels, and even birds, got out of his way as
quick as lighting if they saw him stoop; and even grown-up he had still spent a
deal of his time at quoits, dart-throwing, shooting at the wand, bowls, ninepins
and other quiet games of the aiming and throwing sort—indeed he could do lots
of things, besides blowing smoke-rings, asking riddles and cooking, that I
haven’t had time to tell you about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is no time now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While he
was picking up stones, the spider had reached Bombur, and soon he would have
been dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the moment Bilbo
threw.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stone struck the spider plunk
on the head, and it dropped senseless off the tree, flop to the ground, with
all its legs curled up. - - - The next stone went whizzing through a big web,
snapping its cords, and taking off the spider sitting in the middle of it,
whack, dead.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 146<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In Spite of the Ring,
the Spiders Can See the Sword:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The
spiders saw the sword, though I don’t suppose they knew what it was, and at
once the whole lot of them came hurrying after the hobbit along the ground and
the branches . . .” p. 149 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Kills Again
(a Spider):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Mr. Baggins was in a
hurry, and before the spider knew what was happening it felt his sting and
rolled off the branch dead.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FIli’s Armpits
and Beard:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . Fili emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am afraid Bilbo actually laughed at the
sight of him jerking his stiff arms and legs as he danced on the spider-string
under his armpits, just like one of those funny toys bobbing on a wire . . . It
took him ages to get the beastly stuff out of his eyes and eyebrow, and as for
his beard, he had to cut most of it off.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 149 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Reveals the
Ring to the dwarves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“”I am going to
disappear,” he said. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There they lay
for some time, puffing and panting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
very soon they began to ask questions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had to have the whole vanishing business carefully explained, and
the finding of the ring interested them so much that for a while they forgot
their own troubles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Balin in particular
insisted on having the Gollum story, riddles and all, told all over again, with
the ring in its proper place.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 152<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Becomes the
Leader: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . it was from little
Bilbo that they seemed to expect to get the answers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From which you can see that they had changed
their opinion of Mr. Baggins very much, and had begun to have a great respect
for him (as Gandalf had said they would).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Indeed they really expected him to think of some wonderful plan for
helping them, and were not merely grumbling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They knew only too well that they would soon all have been dead, if it
had not been for the hobbit; and they thanked him many times.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 152 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Wood-elves and
Other Elves As Well:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The feasting
people were Wood-elves, of course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
are not wicked folk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they have a
fault it is distrust of strangers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Though their magic was strong, even in those days they were wary. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They differed from the High Elves of the West,
and were more dangerous and less wise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For most of them (together with their scattered relations in the hills
and mountains) were descended from the ancient tribes that had never went to
Faerie in the West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There the
Light-elves and the Deep-elves and the Sea-elves went and lived for ages, and
grew fairer and wiser and more learned, and invented their magic and their
cunning craft in the making of beautiful and marvelous things, before some came
back into the Wide World.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Wide
World, the Wood-elves lingered in the twilight of our Sun and Moon, but loved
best the stars; and they wandered in the great forests that grew tall in lands
that are now lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They dwelt most often
by the edges of the woods, from which they could escape at times to hunt, or to
ride and run over the open lands by moonlight or starlight; and after the
coming of Men they took ever more and more to the gloaming and the dusk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still elves they were and remain, and that is
Good People.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 154 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Conflict between
Elves and Dwarves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In ancient days
they had had wars with some of the dwarves, whom they accused of stealing their
treasure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is only fair to say that
the dwarves gave a different account, and said they only took what was their
due, for the elf-king had bargained with them to shape his raw gold and silver,
and had afterwards refused to give them their pay. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All this was well known to every dwarf,
though Thorin’s family had had nothing to do with the old quarrel I have spoken
of.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 155 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elf Treatment of
Prisoners:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They gave him [Thorin]
food and drink, plenty of both, if not very fine; for Wood-elves were not
goblins, and were reasonably well-behaved even to their worst enemies, when
they capture them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The giant spiders
were the only living things that they had no mercy upon.” [Like Bilbo and
me.]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 156 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meet the
Elvenking [Legolas’ Father]:</b> “In a great hall with pillars hewn out of the
living stone sat the Elvenking on a chair of carven wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On his head was a crown of berries and red
leaves, for the autumn was come again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the spring he wore a crown of woodland flowers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his hand he held a carven staff of
oak.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 158 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Crimes the
Dwarves Committed Against the Elvenking:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“It is a crime to wander in my realm without leave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do you forget that you were in my kingdom,
using the road that my people made?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Did
you not three times pursue and trouble my people in the forest and rouse the
spiders with your riot and clamor?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
all the disturbance you have made I have a right to know what bring you here,
and if you will not tell me now, I will keep you all in prison until you have
learned sense and manners!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 159 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s
Troublesome Shadow:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than once
he was nearly caught in the doors, as they clashed together when the last elf
passed; yet he did not dare to march among them because of his shadow
(altogether thin and wobbly as it was in torchlight), or for fear of being
bumped into and discovered.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 159 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">80. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gandalf Left So
Bilbo Could Grow:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . they all
trusted Bilbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just what Gandalf had
said would happen, you see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps that
was part of his reason for going off and leaving them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 162 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Success of
Lake Town:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It seemed a town of Men
still throve there, built out on bridges far into the water as a protection
against enemies of all sorts, and especially against the dragon of the
Mountain.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 163<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Value of the
Wood-elves’ Realm:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The elf-road
through the wood which the dwarves had followed on the advice of Beorn now came
to a doubtful and little used end at the eastern edge of the forest; only the
river offered any longer a safe way from the skirts of Mirkwood in the North to
the mountain-shadowed plains beyond, and the river was guarded by the Wood-elves’
king. - - - So you see Bilbo had come in the end by the only road that was any
good.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 175<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Tells Off
Thorin:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Well, are you alive or are
you dead?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Asked Bilbo quite crossly. .
. “Are you still in prison, or are you free?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you want food, and if you want to go on with this silly
adventure—it’s yours after all and not mine—you had better slap your arms and
rub your legs and try and help me get the others out while there is a chance!”
- - - Thorin of course saw the sense of this so after a few more groans he got
up and helped the hobbit as well as he could.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 178-179 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Voice of
the People:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As for the Mater he saw
there was nothing else for it but to obey the general clamor, for the moment at
any rate, and to pretend to believe that Thorin was what he said.” p. 182<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How the Dwarves
Were Treated in Laketown:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“So he
[the Master of Laketown] gave up to him [Thorin] his own great chair and set
Fili and Kili beside him in places of honour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even Bilbo was given a seat at the high table . . . Soon afterwards the
other dwarves were brought into the town amid scenes of astonishing
enthusiasm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were all doctored and
fed and housed and pampered in the most delightful and satisfactory fashion. A
large house was given up to Thorin and his company; boats and rowers were put at
their service; and crowds sat outside and sang songs all day, or cheered in any
dwarf showed so much as his nose. . . Indeed within a week they were quite
recovered, fitted out in fine cloth of their proper colors, with beards combed
and trimmed, and prod steps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thorin
looked and walked as if his Kingdome was already regained and Smaug chopped up
into little pieces.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 183 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Help Given by
the Men of Lake Town:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“So one day,
although autumn was now getting far on, and winds were cold, and leaves were
falling fast, three large boats left Laketown, laden with rowers, dwarves, Mr.
Baggins, and many provisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Horses and
ponies had been sent round by circuitous paths to meet them at their appointed
landing-place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Mater and his
counselors bade them farewell from the great steps of the town-hall that went
down to the lake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People sang on the
quays and out of windows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The white oars
dipped and splashed, and off they went north up the lake on the last stage of
their long journey.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 185<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As My Father
Used to Say:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> "</span>I have got you out of
two messes already, which were hardly in the original bargain, so that I am, I
think, already owed some reward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
‘third time pays for all’ as my father used to say, and somehow I don’t think I
shall refuse.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 195 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Balin Alone
Volunteers to Go:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Fili and Kili
looked uncomfortable and stood on one leg, but the others made no pretense of
offering—except old Balin, the look-out man, who was rather fond of the
hobbit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said he would come inside at
least and perhaps a bit of the way too, ready to call for help if necessary.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 196 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Dwarves: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There it is: dwarves are not heroes, but
calculating folk with a great idea of the value of money; some are tricky and
treacherous and pretty bad lots; some are not, but are decent enough people
like Thorin and Company, if you don’t expect too much.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 196 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Bravest
Moment:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“This grew to the
unmistakable gurgling noise of some vast animal snoring in its sleep down there
in the red glow in front of him . . . It was at this point that Bilbo
stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Going on from there was the
bravest thing he ever did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
tremendous things that happened afterwards were as nothing compared to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fought the real battle in the tunnel
alone, before he ever saw the vast danger that lay in wait.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any rate after a short halt go on he did.
. .”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.197 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Words, Elves,
and Dragon Gold:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“To say that
Bilbo’s breath was taken away is no description at all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are no words left to express his
staggerment, since Men changed the language that they learned for elves in the
days when all the world was wonderful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo
had heard tell and sing of dragon-hoards before, but the splendor, the lust,
the glory of such treasure had never yet come home to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His heart was filled and pierced with
enchantment and with the desire of dwarves; and he gazed motionless, almost forgetting
the frightful guardian, at the god beyond price and count.” p. 198 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dragons, Their
Treasures, and the Missing Cup: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Above
him [Bilbo] the sleeping dragon lay, a dire menace even in his sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grasped a great two-handled cup, as heavy
as he could carry, and cast on fearful eye upwards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Smaug stirred a wing, opened a claw, the
rumble of his snoring changed its note. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dragons may not have much real use for all their wealth, but they know
it to an ounce as a rule, especially after long possession: and Smaug was no exception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had passed from an uneasy dream (in which
a warrior, altogether insignificant in size but provided with a bitter sword
and great courage, figured most unpleasantly) to a doze, and from a doze to wide
waking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a breath of strange
air in his cave. . . He stirred and stretched forth his neck to sniff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he missed the cup!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 200 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo, the Real
Leader:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Naturally the dwarves
accepted the offer eagerly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Already they
had come to respect little Bilbo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now he
had become the real leader in their adventure.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 203 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dragons Love
Riddles Too:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“No dragon can resist
the fascination of riddling talk and of wasting time trying to understand
it.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 205 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dragon-spell,
Like the Voice of Saruman:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bilbo
was now beginning to feel really uncomfortable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whenever Smaug’s roving eye, seeking for him in the shadows, flashed
across him, he trembled, and an unaccountable desire seized hold of him to rush
out and reveal himself and tell all the truth to Smaug.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact he was in grievous danger of coming
under the dragon-spell.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 206 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Smaug’s Brag:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Now I am old and strong, strong, strong,
Thief in the Shadows!” he gloated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“My
armour [sp.] is like tenfold shields, my teeth are swords, my claws spears, the
shock of my tail a thunderbolt, my wings a hurricane, and my breath
death!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 207<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Tricks
Smaug to Find His Weakness:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I have
always understood, said Bilbo in a frightened squeak, “that dragons were softer
underneath, especially in the region of the—er—chest; but doubtless one so
fortified has thought of that” - - - The dragon stopped short in his
boasting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Your information is
antiquated,” he snapped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I am armoured
[sp.] above and below with iron scales and hard gems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No blade can pierce me. . . The dragon rolled
over. “Look!” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“What do you say
to that?” - - - Dazzlingly marvelous! Perfect!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Flawless!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Staggering!” exclaimed
Bilbo aloud, but what he thought inside was: “Old fool!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why, there is a large patch in the hollow of
his left breast as bare as a snail out of its shell!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 208<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Makes
Another Saying:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Never laugh at live
dragons, Bilbo you fool!” he said to himself, and it became a favorite saying
of his later, and passed into a proverb.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 209 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Promised
the Choice of the Treasure:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As for
your share, Mr. Baggins, I assure you we are more than grateful and you shall
choose your own fourteenth, as soon as we have anything to divide.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 211<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As My Father
Used to Say, Again: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Come, come!” he
said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“‘While there’s life there’s
hope!’ as my father used to say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
‘Third time pays for all.’” p. 214 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Claims the
Arkenstone:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It was the Arkenstone,
the Heart of the Mountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So Bilbo
guessed from Thorin’s description; but indeed there could not be two such gems,
even in so marvelous a hoard, even in all the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ever as he climbed, the same white gleam had
shone before him and drawn his feet towards it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly it grew to a little globe of pallid light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now as he came near, it was tinged with a
flickering sparkle of many colors at the surface, reflected and splintered from
the wavering light of his torch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At last
he looked down upon it, and he caught his breath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great jewel shone before his feet of its
own inner light, and yet, cut and fashioned by the dwarves, who had dug it from
the heart of the mountain long ago, it took all light that fell upon it and
changed it into ten thousand sparks of white radiance shot with glints of the
rainbow. - - - Suddenly Bilbo’s arm went towards it drawn by its enchantment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His small hand would not close about it, for
it was a large and heavy gem; but he lifted it, shut his eyes, and put it in
his deepest pocket.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - “Now I am a
burglar indeed!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 216-217<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Balin Volunteers
to Go and Help Bilbo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It is about
our turn to help,” said Balin, “and I am quite willing to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway I expect it is safe for the
moment.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 218 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thorin Gives
Bilbo a Coat of Mail: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Mr. Baggins!”
he cried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Here is the first payment of
your reward!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cast off you old coat and put
on this!” - - - With that he put on Bilbo a small coat of mail, wrought for
some young elf-prince long ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
of silver-steel, which the elves call <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mithril</i>,
and with it went a belt of pearls and crystals. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A light helm of figured leather, strengthened
beneath with hoops of steel, and studded about the brim with white gems, was
set upon the hobbit’s head?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 219<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Cram:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . chiefly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cram </i>and water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(If you want
to know what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cram</i> is, I can only say
that I don’t know the recipe; but it is biscuitish, keeps good indefinitely, is
supposed to be sustaining, and is certainly not entertaining, being in fact
very uninteresting except as a chewing exercise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was made by the Lake-men for long
journeys.)”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 223<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">105. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lake-men Watch the
Stars on the Lake:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The men of the
lake-town Esgaroth were mostly indoors, for the breeze was from the black East
and chill, but a few were walking on the quays, and watching, as they were fond
of doing, the stars shine out from the smooth patches of the lake as they opened
in the sky.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 225 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">106<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Smaug Fears the
Lake:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If he [Smaug] plunged into
it, a vapor and a steam would arise enough to cover all the land with a mist for
days; but the lake was mightier than he, it would quench him before he could
pass through.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 226<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meet Bard:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“No one had dared to give battle to him
[Smaug] for many an age; nor would they have dared now, if it had not been for
the grim-voiced man (Bard was his name), who ran to and fro cheering on the
archers and urging the Master to order them to fight to the last arrow. . .
there was a company of archers that held their ground among the burning
houses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their captain was Bard,
grim-voiced and grim-faced. Whose friends had accused him of prophesying floods
and poisoned fish, though they knew his worth and courage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a descendant in the long line of
Girion, Lord of Dale, whose wife and child had escaped down the Running River
from the ruin long ago.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 227-228<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Thrush
Brings Bilbo’s Words to Bard:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Suddenly out of the dark something fluttered to his shoulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He started—but it was only an old
thrush.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unafraid it perched by his ear
and it brought him news.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marveling he
found he could understand its tongue, for he was of the race of Dale. - - -
“Wait! Wait!” it said to him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The moon
is rising.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Look for the hollow of the
left breast as he flies and turns above you!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And while Bard paused in wonder it told him of tidings up in the
Mountain and of all that it had heard.. - - - The Bard drew his bow-sting to
his ear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dragon was circling back,
flying low, and as he came the moon rose above the eastern shore and silvered
his great wings.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 228<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Speech on
the Arrow – the Death of Smaug:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Arrow!”
said the bowman. “Black arrow!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have
saved you to the last.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have never
failed me and always I have recovered you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I had you from my father and he from of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If ever you came from the forges of the true
king under the Mountain, go now and speed well!” - - - The dragon swooped
once<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> m</span>ore lower than ever, and as he
turned and dived down his belly glittered white with sparkling fires of gems in
the moon—but not in one place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great
bow twanged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The black arrow sped
straight from the string, straight for the hollow by the left breast where the
foreleg was flung wide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In it smote and
vanished, barb, shaft and feather, so fierce was its flight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a shriek that deafened men, felled trees
and split stone, Smaug shot spouting into the air, turned over and crashed down
from on high in ruin.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 228-229<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">One Quarter of
the Men of Laketown Killed by Smaug:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“. . . three quarters of the people of the town had at least escaped
alive . . .” p. 229 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">111. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Call to Make
Bard King: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“And they praised the
courage of Bard and his last mighty shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“If only he had not been killed,” they said, “we would make him a
king.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bard the Dragon-shooter of the
line of Girion!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 229 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">112. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Master
Argues in Defense of Democracy: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Girion was lord of Dale, not king of
Esgaroth,” he [the Master] said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the
Lake town we have always elected masers for among the old and wise, and have
not endured the rule of mere fighting men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Let ‘King Bard’ go back to his own kingdom—Dale is now freed by his
valor, and nothing hinders his return.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 230<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Help from the
Elvenking:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But the king, when he
received the prayers of Bard, had pity, for he was a lord of a good and kindly
people; so turning his march, which had at first been direct towards the
Mountain, he hastened now down the river to the Long Lake. He had not boats or
rafts enough for his host, and they were forced to go the slower way by foot;
but great store of goods he sent ahead by water. . . Their welcome was good, as
may be expected, and the men and their Master were ready to make any bargain
for the future in return for the Elvenking’s aid.” pp. 232-233<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">114. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Crows Differ
from Ravens:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Those were crows!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And nasty suspicious-looking creatures at
that, and rude as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You must have
heard the ugly names they were calling after us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the ravens are different. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There used to be a great friendship between
them and the people of Thror; and they often brought us secret news, and were rewarded
with such bright things as they coveted to hide in their dwellings.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 235<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">115.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Just Claims of Bard:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I am Bard, and by my hand was the dragon
slain and your treasure delivered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is
that not a matter that concerns you?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover I am by right decent the heir of Girion of Dale, and in your
hoard is mingled much of the wealth of his halls and towns, which of old Smaug
stole. Is not that a matter of which we may speak?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further in his last battle Smaug destroyed
the dwellings of the men of Esgaroth, and I am yet the servant of their
Master.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would speak for him and ask
whether you have no thought for the sorrow and misery of his people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They aided you in your distress, and in
recompense you have thus far brought ruin only, through doubtless undersigned.
- - - Now these were fair words and true, if proudly and grimly spoken; and
Bilbo thought that Thorin would at once admit what justice was in them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 241<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">116. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Did Not
Expect Recognition for Discovering Smaug’s Weak Spot:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] did not, of course, expect that
anyone would remember that it was he who discovered all by himself the dragon’s
weak spot; and that was just as well, for no one ever did.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 241<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bard Recounts
the Friendship of the Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The
Elvenking is my friend, and he has succored the people of the Lake in their
need, though they had no claim but friendship on him.” answered Bard.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 242 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bombur, FIli,
Kili, and Bilbo Were for Peace:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“So
grim had Thorin become, that even if they had wished, the others would not have
dared to find fault with him; but indeed most of them seemed to share his
mind—except perhaps old fat Bombur and Fili and Kili.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilbo, of course, disapproved of the whole
turn of affairs.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 243 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Bilbo and the
Elvenking:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“This is the Arkenstone
of Thrain,” said Bilbo, “the Heart of the Mountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- - - But how is it yours to give?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He asked at last with an effort. - - - O
well!’ said the hobbit uncomfortably.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
isn’t exactly; but, well, I am willing to let it stand against all my claim,
don’t you know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I may be a burglar—or so
they say: personally I never really felt like one—but I am an honest one, I
hope, more or less.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyway I am going
back now, and the dwarves can do what they like to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope you will find it useful.” - - - The
Elvenking looked at Bilbo with a new wonder. “Bilbo Baggins!” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“You are more worthy to wear the armour of
elf-prince then many that have looked more comely in it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I wonder if Thorin Oakenshield will see
it so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have more knowledge of dwarves
in general than you have perhaps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
advise you to remain with us, and here you shall be honoured and thrice
welcome.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 248<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dain’s Dwarves
Described:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Each one of his [Dain's] folk was
clad in a hauberk of steel mail that hung to his knees, and his legs were
covered with hose of a fine and flexible metal mesh, the secret of whose making
was possessed by Dain’s people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
dwarves are exceedingly strong for their height, but most of these were strong
even for dwarves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In battle they wielded
heavy two-handed mattocks; but each of them had also a short broad sword at his
side and a round shield slung at his back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Their beards were forked and plaited and thrust into their belts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their caps were of iron and they were shod
with iron, and their faces were grim.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.253<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">121. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wisdom of the
Elvenking:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But the Elvenking said:
“Long will I tarry, ere I begin this war for gold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dwarves cannot pass us, unless we will,
or do anything that we cannot mark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let
us hope still something that will bring reconciliation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our advantage in numbers will be enough, if
in the end it must come to unhappy blows.” pp. 254-255<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">122. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Goblins Are
Upon You:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Halt!” cried Gandalf, who
appeared suddenly, and stood alone with arms uplifted, between the advancing
dwarves and the ranks awaiting them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Halt!” he called in a voice like thunder, and his staff blazed forth
with a flash like the lightning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Dread has
come upon you all! Alas! it has come more swiftly than I guessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Goblins are upon you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bolg* [*Son of Azog] of the North is coming,
O Dain! whose father you slew in Moria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Behold! The bats are above his army like a sea of locusts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They ride upon wolves and Wargs are in their
train!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 255<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">123. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Enemy of My
Enemy [As My Father Used to Say]:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“This is the plan that he made in council with the Elvenking and with
Bard; and with Dain, for the dwarf-lord now joined them: the Goblins were the
foes of all, and at their coming all other quarrels were forgotten.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 256<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">124<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Like the Nazis:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“their banners were countless, black and red,
and they came on like a tide in fury and disorder.” p. 257 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">125. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo Makes His
Stand with the Elves:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On all this
Bilbo looked with misery. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had taken
his stand on Ravenhill among the Elves—partly because there was more chance of
escape from that point, and partly (with the more Tookish part of his mind)
because if he was going to be in a last desperate stand, he preferred on the whole
to defend the Elvenking.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 259 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">126. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Out of the West
– The Eagles Are Coming:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘The clouds
were torn by the wind, and a red sunset slashed the West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seeing the sudden gleam in the gloom Bilbo
looked round.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gave a great cry” he
had seen a sight that made his heart leap, dark shapes yet majestic against the
distant glow. - - -“The Eagles! The Eagles! he shouted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Eagles are coming!” p. 260<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">127. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Even Gandalf
Wounded: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . Bilbo was set down
before a tent in Dale; and there stood Gandalf, with his arm in a sling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the wizard had not escaped without a
wound; and there were few unharmed in all the host.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 262 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">128. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thorin’s Final
Words to Bilbo:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Farewell, good
thief,” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I go now to the halls
of waiting to sit beside my fathers, until the world is renewed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since I leave now all gold and silver, and go
where it is of little worth, I wish to part in friendship from you, and I would
take back my words and deeds at the Gate.” - - - Bilbo knelt on one knee filled
with sorrow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Farewell, King under the
Mountain!” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“This is a bitter
adventure, if it must end so; and not a mountain of gold can amend it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet I am glad that I have shared in your
perils—that has been more than any Baggins deserves.” - - -“No!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>said Thorin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“There is more in you of good than you know, child of the kindly
West.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some courage and some wisdom
blended in measure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If more of us valued
food and cheer and song above hoarded gold, it would be a merrier world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But sad or merry, I must leave it now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Farewell!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 262-263<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">129. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beorn’s Role in
the Victory:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But even with the
Eagles they were still outnumbered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the last hour Beorn himself had appeared—no one knew how or from where.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He came alone, and in bear’s shape; and he
seemed to have grown almost to giant-size in his wrath. - - - The roar of his
voice was like drums and guns; and he tossed wolves and goblins from his path
like straws and feathers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fell upon
the rear, and broke like a clap of thunder through the ring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dwarves were making a stand still about
their lords upon a low rounded hill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then Beorn stooped and lifted Thorin, who had fallen pierced with
spears, and bore him out of the fray. - - - Swiftly he returned and his wrath
was redoubled, so that nothing could withstand him, and no weapon seemed to
bite upon him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He scattered the
bodyguard, and pulled down Bolg himself and crushed him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then dismay fell on the Goblins and they fled
in all directions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But weariness left
their enemies with the coming of new hope, and they pursued them closely, and
prevented most of them form escaping were they could . . . Songs have said that
three parts of the goblin warrior of the North perished on that day, and the
mountains had peace for many a year.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
263-264<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">130. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thorin’s Tomb: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“They buried Thorin deep beneath the Mountain,
and Bard laid the Arkenstone upon his breast. - - - “There let it lie till the
Mountain falls!” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“May it bring
good fortune to all his folk that dwell here after!” - - - Upon his tomb the
Elvenking then laid Orcrist, the elvish sword that had been taken from Thorin
in captivity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is said in songs that
it gleamed ever in the dark if foes approached, and the fortress of the dwarves
could not be taken by surprise.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 265
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">131. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fili and Kili
Also Killed:</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Fili and Kili had
fallen defending him [Thorin] with shield and body, for he was their mother’s
elder brother.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 265<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">132. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s
Treasure:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the end he would only
take two small chests, one filled with silver, and the other with gold, such as
one strong pony could carry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That will
be quite as much as I can manage,” said he.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 266<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">133. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">You Don’t Need
to Knock:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If ever you are passing my
way,” said Bilbo, “don’t wait to knock!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Tea is at four; but any of you are welcome at any time!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 266 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">134. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Homeward with
the Elvenking (Including His Blessings on Gandalf and Bilbo):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Gandalf and Bilbo road behind the Elvenking,
and beside them strode Beorn, once again in man’s shape, and he laughed and
sang in a loud voice upon the road . . . the wizard and Bilbo would not enter
the wood, even though the king bade them stay a while in his halls. . .
Farewell! O Elvenking!” said Gandalf.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Merry be the greenwood, while the world is yet young!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And merry be all your folk!” - - - “Farewell!
O Gandalf!” said the king.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> "</span>May you ever
appear where you are most needed and least expected!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The oftener you appear in my halls the better
shall I be pleased!” - - - “I beg of you,’ said Bilbo stammering and standing
on one foot, “to accept this gift!” and he brought out a necklace of silver and
pearls that Dain had given him at their parting. - - - “In what way have I
earned such a gift, O hobbit?” said the king. - - - “Well, er, I thought, don’t
you know,” said Bilbo rather confused, “that, er, some little return should be
made for your, er, hospitality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I mean
even a burglar has his feelings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have
drunk much of your wine and eaten much or your bread.” - - - “I will take your
gift, O Bilbo the Magnificent!” said the king gravely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“And I name you elf-friend and blessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>May you shadow never grow less (or stealing
would be too easy)! Farewell.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 267<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">135. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">There Are More
Stories to Tell:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] had
many adventures before he got back.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
267<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">136. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Home at Last,
Took v Baggins Once Again:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“So comes
snow after fire, and even dragons have their ending!” said Bilbo, and he turned
his back on his adventures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Tookish
part was getting very tired, and the Baggins was daily getting stronger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I wish now only to be in my own armchair!”
he said.” p. 268<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">137. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Gandalf Was
Doing (White Wizards Council):</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It
appeared that Gandalf had been to a great council of the white wizards, master
of lore and good magic; and that they had at last driven the Necromancer from
his dark hold in south of Mirkwood. “<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
271 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">138. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elrond’s Warning
Concerning Saron:</b> “Ere long now,” Gandalf was saying, “the Forest will
grow somewhat more wholesome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The North
will be freed from that horror for many long years, I hope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet I wish he were vanished from the world!”
- - - “It would be well indeed,” said Elrond; “but I fear that will not come
about in this age of the world, or for many after.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 271 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">139. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In the House of
Elrond: </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“A little sleep does a great
cure in the house of Elrond,” said he [Bilbo]; “but I will take all the cure I
can get.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A second good night, fair
friends!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And with that he went back to
bed and slept till late morning. - - - Weariness fell from him soon in that
house, and he had many a merry jest and dance, early and late, with the elves
of the valley.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 272<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">140. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bilbo’s Poem on
the Road:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Roads go ever ever on,
Over rock and under tree, By caves where never sun has shone, By streams that
never find the sea; Over snow by winter sown, And through the merry flowers of
June, Over grass and over stone, And under mountains in the moon. - - - Roads
go ever ever on, Under cloud and under star, Yet feet that wandering have gone
Turn at last to home afar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eyes that
fire and sword have seen And horror in the halls of stone Look at last on
meadows green And trees and hills they long have known. - - - Gandalf looked at
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“My dear Bilbo!” he said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Something is the matter with you!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You are not the hobbit that you were.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 273<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">141. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On
Sackville-Baggineses:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> "</span>Bilbo’s
cousins the Sackville-Bagginses were, in fact, busy measuring his rooms to see
if their own furniture would fit. . . in the end to save time Bilbo had to buy
back quite a lot of his own furniture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many of his silver spoons mysteriously disappeared and were never
accounted for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Personally he suspected
the Sackville-Bagginses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On their side
they never admitted that the returned Baggins was genuine, and they were not on
friendly terms with Bilbo ever after.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They really had wanted to live in his nice hobbit-hole so very
much.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 274<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">142<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Bilbo Had “Lost”
His Reputation:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Indeed Bilbo found
he had lost more than spoons—he had lost his reputation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is true that for ever after he remained an
elf-friend, and had the honour of dwarves, wizards, and all such folk as ever
passes that way; but he was no longer quite respectable. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was in fact held by all the hobbits of the
neighborhood to be ‘queer’—except by his nephews and nieces on the Took side,
but even they were not encouraged in their friendship by their elders.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 275<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">143<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. The Rest of His
Days:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Bilbo] took to writing
poetry and visiting the elves; and though many shook their heads and touched
their foreheads and said “Poor old Baggins!” and though few believed any of his
tales, he remained very happy to the end of his days, and those were
extraordinarily long.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> p</span>. 275 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">144. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Prophesies
Fulfilled:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bard had rebuilt the
town in Dale. . . And Lake-town was refounded and was more prosperous than
ever, and much wealth went up and down the Running River; and there was
friendship in those parts between elves and dwarves and men. - - - Then the
prophecies of the old songs have turned out to be true, after a fashion!” said
Bilbo. - - - “Of course!” said Gandalf. “And why should not they prove
true?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surely you don’t disbelieve the
prophecies, because you had a hand in bringing them about yourself?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You don’t really suppose, do you, that all
your adventures and escapes were managed by mere luck, just for your sole
benefit?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You are a very fine person, Mr.
Baggins, and I am very fond of you; but you are only quite a little fellow in a
wide world after all!” - - - Thank goodness!” said Bilbo laughing, and handed
him the tobacco-jar.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 275- 76 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-39888158026714494012014-12-29T10:19:00.000-07:002015-01-02T11:27:45.827-07:00Unbroken by Lauara HillenbrandThis is a great story of a true Hero - and of the horrors of war. It was painful to read. I spent two years in Japan in the early 70s and truly love the people and the country. That "good" people can do bad things is a painful truth with which we must deal. <br />
<br />
I hope that all good people have within them the strength that Louie Zamperini displayed - and that we can all find the sources of support that made his triumph possible. <br />
<br />
I was pleased that his greatest triumph was running a boys camp. I believe that boys camps are wonderful. <br />
<br />
I have reduced this powerful book - which I highly recommend to everyone - to 23 pages containing 111 quotes.<br />
<br />
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Unbroken</span></i><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> by
Laura Hillenbrand<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
1.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> BSA Fire by
Friction </b>“ . . . Louie . . . setting a legitimate Boy Scout state record in
friction-fire ignition . . .” p. 7<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ethnic Tension</b>
“And then there was his ethnicity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
Torrance in the early 1920s, Italians were held in such disdain that when the
Zamperinis arrived, the neighbors petitioned the city council to keep them out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie, who know only a smattering of English
until he was in grade school, couldn’t hide his pedigree.” p. 8<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
3.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pseudoscience of Eugenics</b> “In the 1930s,
America was infatuated with the pseudoscience of eugenics and its promise to
strengthening the human race by culling the “unfit” for the genetic pool.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Along with the “feebleminded, insane, and
criminal, those so classified included women who had sex out of wedlock
(considered a mental illness), orphans, the disabled, the poor, the homeless,
epileptics, masturbators, the blind and the deaf, alcoholics, and girls whose
genitals exceeded certain measurements. Some eugenicists advocated euthanasia,
and in mental hospitals, this was quietly carried out on scores of people
though “lethal neglect” or outright murder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At one Illinois mental hospital, new patients were dosed with milk form
cows infected with tuberculosis, in the belief that only the undesirable would perish.
As many as four in ten of these patients died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A more popular tool of eugenics was forced sterilization, employed on a
raft of lost souls who, through misbehavior or misfortune, fell into the hands
of state governments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1930, when
Louie was entering his teens, California was enraptured with eugenics, and
would ultimately sterilize some twenty thousand people.” p. 11<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Running </b>“He
came home with a mania for running.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
of he effort that he’d once put into thieving he threw into track.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Pete’s instruction, he ran his entire
paper rout . . . He gave up drinking and smoking . . . he ran to the public
pool . . .dove to the bottom grabbed the drain plug, and just floated there,
hanging on a little longer each time.” p. 16<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">His Hero</b> “Louie also found a role
model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 1930s, track was hugely
popular, and its elite performers were household names.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among them was a Kansas University miler
named Glenn Cunningham.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a small
child, Cunningham had been in a schoolhouse explosion . . . and left Glen with
severe burns on his legs and torso.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was a month and a half before he could sit up, and more time still before he
could stand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unable to straighten his
legs, he learned to push himself about by leaning on a chair, his legs floundering
. . . By 1932, the modest, mild-tempered Cunningham, whose legs and back were
covered in a twisting mesh of scars, was becoming a national sensation, soon to
be acclaimed as the greatest miler in American history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie had his hero.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 16<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Global Warming in
1936</b> “That week, which included the hottest three-day period in the
nation’s history, the heat would kill three thousand Americans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Manhattan, where it would reach 106
degrees, forty people would die.” p 23<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Proud
Scoutmaster</b> “Anthony headed off to the Kiwanis club, where he and Louie’s
Boy Scout master would drink toasts to Louie until four in the morning.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 27<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shaking Hands with
Hitler</b> “Louis was led into the fuhrer’s section.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitler bent from his box, smiled, and offered
his hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie, standing below, had to
reach far up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their fingers barely
touched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hitler said something in
German.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An interpreter translated<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ah, you’re the boy with the fast finish.” p.
35<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louie’s Character
Reveled in a Race</b> “In June 1938, Louie arrived at the NCAA Championship in
Minneapolis, gunning for four minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Spilling over with eagerness, he babbled to other athletes about his new
training regimen, his race strategy, and how fast he might go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Word spread that Louie was primed for a
superlative performance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the night
before the race, a coach from Notre Dame knocked on Louie’s hotel room door, a
grave expression on his face.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told
Louie that some of his rival coaches were ordering their runners to sharpen
their spikes and slash him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie
dismissed the warning, certain that no one would do such a thing
deliberately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He was wrong.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Halfway through the race, just as Louie was
about to move for the lead, several runners shouldered around him, boxing him
in. Louie tried repeatedly to break loose but he couldn’t get around the other
men. Suddenly, the man beside him swerved in and stomped on his foot, impaling
Louie’s toe with his spike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A moment
later, the man ahead began kicking backward, cutting both of Louie’s
shins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A third man elbowed Louie’s chest
so hard that he cracked Louie’s rib.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
crowd gasped.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bleeding
and in pain, Louie was trapped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a
lap and a half, he ran in the cluster of men, unable to get free, restraining
his stride to avoid running into the man ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At last, as he neared the final turn, he saw a tiny gap open before
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He burst through, blew past the
race leader, and, with his shoe torn open, shins streaming blood, and chest
aching, won easily.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He slowed
to a halt, bitter and frustrated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
his coach asked him how fast he thought he had gone, Louie replied that he
couldn’t have beaten 4:20.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The race
time was posted on the board.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the
stands came a sudden <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Woooo!</i> Louie had
run the mile in 4:08.3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the
fastest NCAA mile in history and the fifth-fastest outdoor mile ever run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie had missed the world record by 1.9
seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His time would stand as the
NCAA record for fifteen years.” p. 41 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Japanese Racism </b>“Central
to the Japanese identity was the belief that it was Japan’s divinely mandated
right to rule its fellow Asians, whom it saw as inherently inferior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“There are superior and inferior races in the
world,” said the Japanese politician Nakajima Chikuhei in 1940, “and it is the
sacred duty of the leading race to lead and enlighten the inferior ones.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese, he continued, are “the sole
superior race of the world.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moved by
necessity and destiny, Japan’s leaders planned to “plant the blood of the
Yamato [Japanese] race” on their neighboring nations’ soil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were going to subjugate all of the Far
East.” p. 43 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Training
Accidents</b> “In the Army Air Forces, or AAF,* there were 52,651 stateside
aircraft accidents over the course of the war, killing 14,903 personnel. Though
some of these personnel were probably on coastal patrol and other duties, it
can be presumed that the vast majority were trainees, killed without ever
seeing a combat theater.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the three
months in which Phil’s men trained as a crew, 3,041 AAF planes—more than 33 per
day—met with accidents stateside, killing nine men per day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In subsequent months, death tallies exceeding
500 were common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In August 1943, 590
airmen would die stateside, 19 per day.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 61 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
12. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Quality Crew</b>
“Training was a crucible, and it transformed Phil’s crew.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would not all live through what lay
ahead, but the survivors would speak of their good fortune in serving among
such skilled men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They worked together
with seamless efficiency, and judging by their training scores, in the grim
business of bombs and bullets, there was not better crew in the squadron.” p.
62<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Size of the
Japanese Empire</b> “ . . . Japan’s new empire stretched five thousand miles,
from the snowbound Aleutians to Java, hundreds of miles south of the
equator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>West to east, the empire
sprawled over more then six thousand miles form the border of India to the
Gilbert and Marshall islands in the central Pacific.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the pacific, virtually everything above
Australia and west of the International Date Line had been taken by Japan.” p.
65 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Losses to Combat
and Accidents</b> “In World War II, 35,933 AAF planes were lost in combat and
accidents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The surprise of the attrition
rate is that only a fraction of he ill-fated planes were lost in combat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1943 in the Pacific Ocean Areas theater in
which Phil’s crew served. For every plane lost in combat, some six planes were
lost in accidents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over time, combat
took a greater toll, but combat losses never overtook noncombat losses.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As planes
went, so went men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the air corps,
35,946 personnel died in nonbattle situations, the vast majority of them in
accidental crashes. *<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even in combat,
airmen appear to have been more likely to die from accidents than combat
itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A report issued by the AAF surgeon
general suggests that in the Fifteenth Air Force, between November 1, 1943, and
May 25, 1945, 70 percent of men listed as killed in action died in operational
aircraft accidents, not as a result of enemy action.” p. 80 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
15. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Risk of Death</b>
“The risks of combat created grim statistics. In World War II, 52,173 AAF men
were killed in combat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
Stay, who would become a squadron commander, airmen trying to fulfill the forty
combat missions that made up a Pacific bomber crewman’s tour of duty had a 50
percent chance of being killed.” p. 84<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
16.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">B-24 a Dangerous Plane<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“Less than a quarter of ditched B-17s
broke up, but a survey of B-24 ditchings found that nearly two-thirds broke up
and a quarter of the crewmen died.” p. 85<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fear of Sharks </b>“The
fear of sharks was so powerful that most men, faced with the choice of riding a
crippled plane to a ditching or bailing out, chose to take their chances in a
ditching, even in the B-24.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least
that would leave them near the rafts.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 86<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Percent of Men
Lost</b> “According to reports made by the Far East Air Force air surgeon, fewer
than 30 percent of men whose planes went missing between July 1944 and February
1945 were rescued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even when the plane’s
location was know, only 46 percent of men were saved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some months, the picture was far
worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January 1945, only 21 of 167
downed XXI Bomber Command airmen were rescued—just 13 percent. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As bleak as
these odds were late in the war, men who went down before min-1944 faced far
worse.” p. 87<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Danger of the
Search </b>“The improbability of rescue, coupled with the soaring rate of
accidental crashes, created a terrible equation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Search planes appear to have been more likely
to go down themselves than find the men they were looking for.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In one time frame, in the Eastern Air
Command, half of the Catalina flying boats attempting rescues crashed while
trying to land on the ocean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems
likely that for every man rescued, several would-be rescuers died, especially
in the first years of the war.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 87<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Rape of Nanking</b> “Of all of the horrors
facing downed men, the one outcome that they feared most was capture by the
Japanese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The roots of the men’s fear
lay in an event that occurred in 1937, in the early months of Japan’s invasion
of China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese military
surrounded the city of Nanking, stranding more than half a million civilians
and 90,000 Chinese soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
soldiers surrendered and, assured of their safety, submitted to being
bound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japanese officers then issued a
written order: ALL PRISONERS OF WAR ARE TO BE EXECUTED. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>What
followed was a six-week frenzy of killing that defies articulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Masses of POWs were beheaded, machine-gunned,
bayoneted, and burned alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Japanese turned on civilians, engaging in killing contests, raping tens of
thousands of people, mutilating and crucifying them and provoking dogs to maul
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japanese soldiers took pictures of
themselves posing alongside hacked-up bodies, severed heads, and women strapped
down for rape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese press ran tallies
of the killing contests as if they were baseball scores, praising the heroism
of the contestants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Historians estimate
that the Japanese military murdered between 200,000 and 430,000 Chinese,
including the 90,000 POWs, in what became know as the Rape of Nanking.” p.
88<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BSA 1<sup>st</sup>
Aid Training</b> “There were two gashes on the left side of Phil’s forehead, by
the hairline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blood was spurting form
the wounds and, mixed with seawater, sloshing in the bottom of the raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remembering what he had learned in Boy Scouts
and his Honolulu first aid course, Louie ran his fingers down Phil’s throat
until he felt a pulse, the carotid artery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He showed Mac the spot and told him to press down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pulled off his muslin top shirt and T-shirt
and pulled Phil’s shirts off as well . . . and tied them tightly round Phil’s
head, then slid Phil into the second raft.” p. 126<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Why Not to Drink
Sea Water</b> “Most worrisome was the water situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few half-pints wouldn’t last them
long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The men were surrounded by water,
but they couldn’t drink it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The salt
content in seawater is so high that it is considered a poison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a person drinks seawater, the kidneys
must generate urine to flush the salt away, but to do so, they need more water
than is contained in the seawater itself, so the body pulls water from its cells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bereft of water, the cells begin to
fail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paradoxically, a drink of seawater
causes potentially fatal dehydration.” p.128<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hope Springs
Eternal </b>“What is remarkable is that the two men who shared Mac’s plight
didn’t share his hopelessness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though
Phil was constantly wondering how long this would go on, it had not yet
occurred to him that he might die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
same was true for Louie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though they
both knew that they were in an extremely serious situation, both had the
ability to warn fear away from their thoughts, focusing instead on how to
survive and reassuring themselves that things would work out . . . For Phil,
there was another source of strength, one of which even Louie was unaware.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to his family, in his quiet,
private way, Phil was a deeply religious man, carrying a faith instilled in him
by his parents.” p. 147<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Learning to
Overcome </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“From earliest childhood,
Louie had regarded every limitation placed on him as a challenge to his wits,
his resourcefulness, and his determination to rebel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result had been a mutinous youth. As
maddening as his exploits had been for his parents and his town, Louie’s
success in carrying them off had given him the conviction that he could think
his way around any boundary. Now, as he was cast into extremity, despair and
death became the focus of his defiance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The same attributes that had made him the boy terror of Torrance were
keeping him alive in the greatest struggle of his life.” p. 148<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cannibalism</b>
“In 1820, after the whaling ship <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Essex</i>
was sunk by an enraged whale, the lifeboat-bound survivors, on the brink of
death, resorted to cannibalism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some
sixty years later, after nineteen days adrift, starving survivors of the sunken
yacht <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mignonette </i>killed and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>ate a teenaged crewman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stories of cannibalism among castaways were
so common that British sailors considered the practice of choosing and
sacrificing a victim to be an established “custom of the sea.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To well-fed men on land, the idea of
cannibalism has always inspired revulsion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To many sailors who have stood on the threshold of death, lost in the
agony and mind-altering effects of starvation, it has seemed a reasonable, even
inescapable solution.” pp. 148-149<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
26. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Miracle of
Prayer </b>“On the sixth day without water, the men recognized that they
weren’t going to last much longer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mac
was failing especially quickly.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>They bowed
their head together as Louie prayed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
God would quench their thirst he vowed, he’d dedicate his life to him.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The next
day, by divine intervention or the fickle humors of the tropics, the sky broke
open and rain poured down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twice more
the water ran out, twice more they prayed, and twice more the rain came. The
showers gave them just enough water to last a short while longer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If only a plane would come.” p. 152<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bullets</b> “And
then, all at once, the ocean erupted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was a deafening noise, and the rafts began hopping and shuddering
under the castaways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The gunners were
firing at them. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie,
Phil, and Mac clawed for the raft walls and threw themselves overboard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They swam under the rafts and huddled there,
watching bullets tear through the rafts and cut bright slits in the water
around them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then the firing
stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The men surfaced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bomber had overshot them and was now to
the east, moving away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two sharks were
nosing around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The men had to get out of
the water immediately . . . In the distance, the bomber swung around and began
flying at the rafts again . . . All three men saw it at once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Behind the wing, painted over the waist, was
a red circle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bomber was Japanese .
. . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The bullets
showered the ocean in a glittering downpour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Looking up, Louie saw them popping through the canvas, shooting beams of
intensely bright tropical sunlight through the raft’s shadow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But after a few feet, the bullets spent their
fore and fluttered down fizzing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie
straightened his arms over his head and pushed against the bottom of one of the
rafts, trying to get far enough down to be outside the bullets’ lethal
range.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Above him, he could see the depressions
formed by Mac and Phil’s bodies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Neither man was moving.” pp. 154-155<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sharks</b> “As he
lay underwater, his legs tugged in front of him by the current, Louie looked
down at his feet . . . Then, in the murky blur beyond it, he saw the huge,
gaping mouth of a shark emerge out of the darkness and rush straight at his
legs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie
recoiled, pulling his legs toward his body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The current was too strong for him to get his legs beneath him, but he
was able to swing them to the side, away from the shark’s mouth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shark kept coming, directly at Louie’s
head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie remembered the advice of the
old man in Honolulu: Make a threatening expression, then stiff-arm the shark’s
snout.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the shark lunged for his head,
Louie bared his teeth, widened his eyes, and rammed his palm into the tip of
the shark’s nose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shark flinched,
circled away, then swam back for a second pass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Louie waited until the shark was inches from him, then struck it in the
nose again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, the shark peeled
away.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Above, the
bullets had stopped coming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As quickly
as he could, Louie pulled himself along the cord until he reached the raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He grabbed its wall and lifted himself clear
of the shark . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As the men
sat together, exhausted and in shock, a shark lunged up over a wall of the
raft, mouth open, trying to drag a man into the ocean.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Someone grabbed an oar and hit the shark, and
it slid off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then another shark jumped
on and, after it, another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The men gripped
the oars and wheeled about, frantically swinging at the sharks.” pp. 155-157<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Patching the Leaks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</b>As they turned and swung and the sharks
flopped up, air was forced out of the bullet holes, and the raft sank
deeper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon, part of the raft was
completely submerged. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>If the men
didn’t get air into the raft immediately, the sharks would take them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One pump had been lost in the staffing; only
the one from Mac and Louie’s raft remained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The men hooked it up to one of the two values and took turns pumping as
hard<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as they could.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Air flowed into the chamber and seeped out
though the bullet holes, but the men found that if they pumped very quickly,
just enough air passed through the raft to lift it up in the water and keep it
mostly inflated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sharks kept coming,
and the men kept beating them away.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As Phil and
Mac pumped and struck at the sharks, Louie groped for the provisions pocket and
grabbed at the patch kit . . . When Louie pulled it out, only the paper
emerged; the sand that had been stuck to it had washed off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the umpteenth time Louie cursed whoever
had stocked the raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had to devise
something that could etch up the patch area so the glue would stick . . . Using
the pliers he cut three teeth into the edge of the [bronze signal] mirror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phil and Mac kept fighting the sharks off. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie began
patching, starting with the holes on the top of the raft . . . After cutting
the X, he peeled back the canvas to reveal the rubber layer, using the mirror
to scratch up the rubber, squeezed glue onto it, and stuck the patch on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he waited for the sun to dry the
glue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes, a whitecap would drench
the patch before it dried, and he’d have to begin again . . . When that half of
the bottom was patched, they re-inflated it, crawled onto the repaired side,
deflated the other side, and repeated the process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, whitecaps repeatedly washed over the
raft and spoiled the patches, and everything had to be redone . . . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Finally,
they could find no more holes to patch . . . With the raft now reasonably
inflated, the sharks stopped attacking.” pp. 157-158<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Passing of
Sargent McNamara </b>“Sergeant Francis McNamara had begun his last journey with
a panicked act, consuming the raft’s precious food stores . . . But in the last
days of his life, in the struggle against the deflating raft and the jumping
sharks, he had given all he had left . . . Had Mac not survived the crash,
Louie and Phil might well have been dead by the thirty-third day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his dying days, Mac had redeemed himself .
. . When he was done, Louie lifted the shrouded body in his arms . . . Louie
bent over the side of the raft and gently slid Mac into the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mac sank away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sharks let him be. p. 165<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">34 Day Record </b>“The
next night, Louie and he completed their thirty-fourth day on the raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though they didn’t know it, they had passed
what was almost certainly the record for survival adrift in an inflated
raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If anyone had survived longer,
they hadn’t lived to tell about it.” p. 165<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Beauty as Proof
of God’s Existence</b> “One morning, they woke to a strange stillness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rise and fall of the raft had ceased, and
it was virtually motionless. There was no wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The ocean stretched out in all directions in glossy smoothness,
regarding the sky and reflecting its image in crystalline perfection . . . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was an
experience of transcendence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phil
watched the sky, whispering that it looked like a pearl.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The water looked so solid that it seemed they
could walk across it . . . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For a while
they spoke, sharing their wonder. Then they fell into reverent silence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their suffering was suspended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They weren’t hungry or thirsty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were unaware of the approach of death.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As he
watched this beautiful, still world, Louie played with a thought that had come
to him before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had thought it as he
had watched hunting seabirds, marveling at their ability to adjust their dives
to compensate for the refraction of light in water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had thought it a he had considered the
pleasing geometry of the sharks, their gradation of color, their slide through
the sea . . . Such beauty, he thought was too perfect to have come about by
mere chance. That day in the center of the Pacific was, to him, a gift crafted
deliberately, compassionately, for him and Phil.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Joyful and
grateful in the midst of slow dying, the two men bathed in that day until
sunset brought it and their time in the doldrums, to and end.” p. 166<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p></o:p>33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Days, Pounds, and
Miles</b> “Louie had predicted that they’d find land on the forty-seventh
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phil had chosen the day
before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because they had spotted land on
the day Phil had chosen and were about to reach it on the day Louie had chosen,
they decided that they had both been right . . . Phil had weighed about 150
pounds when he had stepped aboard <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Green
Hornet.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie’s war diary, began
shortly after he arrived in Hawaii, noted that he weighed 155 pounds . . . Now
Phil weighed about 80 pounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According
to different accounts, five foot, ten-inch Louie weighed 67 pounds, 79.5
pounds, or 87 pounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever the exact
number, each man had lost about half of his body weight, or more . . . Louie
and Phil knew where their journey had began, but did not yet know where it had
ended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The officers told them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were on an atoll in the Marshall
Islands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had drifted two thousand
miles.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 171-173<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Violation of the
Code of Honor </b>“As Japanese servicemen crowded around, the raft was spread
out and the bullet holes counted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
were forty-eight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The curious servicemen
pressed toward the Americans, but the officers kept them back. An officer asked
Louie where the bullet holes had come from.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Louie replied that a Japanese plane had strafed them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The officer said that this was impossible, a
violation of their military code of honor.” P. 173<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">At First –
Compassion </b>“Two beds were made up, and Louie and Phil were invited to get as
much rest as they wished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slipping
between cool, clean sheets, their stomachs full, their sores soothed, they were
deeply grateful to have been received with such compassion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phil had a relieved thought: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they were among friends.</i> <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie and
Phil stayed in the infirmary for two days, attended by Japanese who cared for
them with genuine concern for their comfort and health.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On the third day, the deputy commanding
officer came to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He brought beef,
chocolate, and coconuts—a gift from his commander—as well as news. A freighter
was coming to transport them to another atoll.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The name he gave sent a tremor through Louie: Kwajalein.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the place know as Execution Island.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“After you
leave here,” Louie would long remember the officer saying, “we cannot guarantee
your life.”” p. 173<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Imprisoned</b>
“Slowly, his thoughts quieted and his eyes settled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was in a wooden cell, about the length of
a man and not much wide than his shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Over his head was a thatched roof, about seven feet up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only window was a hole, about a foot
square, in the door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The floor was
strewn with gravel, dirt, and wiggling maggots, and the room hummed with flies
and mosquitoes, already beginning to swarm onto him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was a hole in the floor with a latrine
bucket below it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The air hung hot and
still, oppressive with the stench of human waste.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie looked up. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the dim light, he saw words carved into the
wall: NINE MARINES MAROONED ON MAKIN ISLAND, AJGUST 18, 1942 . . . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie
looked down at his body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Legs that had
sprung through a 4:12 mile over bright sand on the last morning on Kualoa were
now useless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vibrant, generous body
that he had trained with such vigilance had shrunken until only the bones
remained, draped in yellow skin, crawling with parasites.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">All
I see, </i>he thought, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is a dead body
breathing.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie dissolved into hard, racking
weeping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He muffled his sobs so the
guard wouldn’t hear him.” pp. 174-175 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
37.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">He Missed
the Raft</b> “Curled up on the gravelly floor, both men felt as if their bones
were wearing through their skins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie
begged for a blanket to sit on, but was ignored.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He passed the time trying to strengthen his
legs, pulling himself upright and standing for a minute or two while holding
the wall, then sinking down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He missed
the raft.” p. 180 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Friends” </b>“Louie often stared at the
names of the marines, wondering who they were, if they’d had wives and
children, how the end had come for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He began to think of them as his friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One day he pulled off his belt and bent the buckle
upward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In tall block letters, he carved
his name into the wall beside theirs.” p. 181<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">So Much Misunderstanding</b> “The pretext
for many of the outburst was miscommunication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The captives and their guards came from cultures with virtually no overlap
in language or custom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie and Phil
found it almost impossible to understand what was being asked of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sign language was of little help, because
even the culture’s gestures were different.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The guards, like nearly all citizens of their historically isolated
nation, had probably never seen a foreigner before, and probably had no
experience in communication with a non-Japanese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When misunderstood they often became so
exasperated that they screamed at and beat the captives” p. 182<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">To Deprive Them of Dignity </b>“The crash
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Green hornet</i> had left Louie and
Phil in the most desperate physical extremity, without food, water, or
shelter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But on Kwajalein, the guards
sought to deprive them of something that had sustained them even as all else
had been lost: dignity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
self-respect and sense of self-worth, the innermost armament of the soul, lies
at the heart of humanness; to be deprived of it is to be dehumanized, to be
cleaved form and cast below, mankind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men
subjected to dehumanizing treatment experience profound wretchedness and
loneliness and find that hope is almost impossible to retain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without dignity, identity is erased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In its absence, men are defined not by
themselves, but by their captors and the circumstances in which they are forced
to live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One American airman, shot down
and relentlessly debased by his Japanese captors described the state of mind
that his captivity created: “I was literally becoming a lesser human being.” pp.
182-183<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Japanese Honor and Degradation</b> “Few
societies treasured dignity, and feared humiliation, as did the Japanese, for
whom a loss of honor could merit suicide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is likely one of the reasons why Japanese soldiers in World War II
debased their prisoners with such zeal, seeking to take from them that which
was most painful and destructive to lose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On Kwajalein, Louie and Phil learned a dark truth known to the doomed in
Hitler’s death camps, the slaves of the American South, and a hundred other
generations of betrayed people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dignity
is as essential to human life as water, food, and oxygen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The stubborn retention of it, even in the
face of extreme physical hardship, can hold a man’s soul in his body log past
the point at which the body should have surrendered it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The loss of it can carry a man off as surely
as thirst, hunger, exposure, and asphyxiation, and with greater cruelty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In places like Kwajalein, degradation could
be as lethal as a bullet.” p. 183 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sex and Slavery</b> “The ranking officer
stared coolly at his captive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How do
American soldiers satisfy their sexual appetites? he asked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie replied that they don’t—they rely on
willpower.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The officer was amused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese military, he said, provides
women for its soldiers, as allusion to the thousands of Chinese, Korean,
Indonesian, and Filipino women whom the Japanese military had kidnapped and
forced into sexual slavery.” pp. 184-185<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
43. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Necessary Lies</b> “They [the
interrogators] moved on to the Norden bombsight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How do you work it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You just twist two knobs, Louie said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The officers were annoyed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie was sent back to his cell.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Suspecting that he’d be brought
back, Louie brainstormed, trying to anticipate Fuestions. He thought about
which things he could divulge and which things he couldn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for the latter, he came up with lies and
practiced until he could utter them smoothly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because he’d been partially truthful in the first session, he was now in
a better position to lie.” p. 184<o:p></o:p></div>
<o:p> </o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Me Christian</b> “The guard slipped two
pieces of hard candy into Louie’s hand, then moved down the hall and gave two
pieces to Phil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A friendship was born.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The prisoners understood almost
nothing of what Kawamura said, but his good will needed no translation.
Kawamura could do nothing to improve the physical conditions in which the
captives lived, but his kindness was lifesaving.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When Kawamura was off guard duty, a new
guard came.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He launched himself at Louie,
ramming a stick through the door window and into Louie’s face . . . Upon
hearing the guard’s name Kawamura hardened, lifting his arm and flexing his
biceps at Louie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When his shift was up,
he sped away with an expression of furious determination.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For two days, Louie saw nothing of
Kawamura or the vicious guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
Kawamura returned, opened Louie’s cell door a crack, and proudly pointed out
the guard who had beaten Louie. His forehead and mouth were heavily
bandaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He never guarded the cell
again.” p. 185<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Experiments</b> “. . . they were subjected
to a third experiment, and a few days later came a fourth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the last infusing a full pint of the fluid
was pumped into their veins.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Both men survived, and as terrible
as their experience had been they were lucky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>All over their captured territories, the Japanese were using at least
ten thousand POWs and civilians, including infants, as test subjects for
experiments in biological and chemical warfare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thousands died.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 187<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Unarmed Combatants”</b> “The men in Ofuna,
said the Japanese, weren’t POWs; they were “unarmed combatants” at war against
Japan and, as such, didn’t have the rights that international law accorded
POWs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, they had no rights at all
. . . they stressed that they did not guarantee that captives could survive
Ofuna. “They can kill you here,” Louie was told, “No one knows your alive.””
pp. 192-193<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
47.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Beatings</b> “Punctuating the passage of
each day were beatings. Men were beaten for folding their arms, for sitting
naked to help heal sores, for cleaning their teeth, for talking in their
sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most often, they were beaten for
not understanding orders, which were almost always issued in Japanese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dozens of men were lined up and clubbed in
the knees for one man’s alleged infraction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A favorite punishment was to force men to stand, sometimes for hours, in
the “Ofuna crouch,” a painful and strenuous position in which men stood with
knees bent halfway and arms overhead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those who fell over of dropped their arms were clubbed and kicked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Captives who tried to assist victims were attacked
themselves, usually far more violently, so victims were on their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any attempt to protect oneself—ducking,
shielding the face—provoked greater violence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“My job,” remembered captive Glenn McConnell, “was to keep my nose on my
face and keep from being disassembled.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The beatings, he wrote, “were of such intensity that many of us wondered
if we’d ever live to see the end of the war.” pp. 193-194<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Guards</b> “At Ofuna, as at the
scores of POW camps scattered throughout Japan and its conquests, the men used
for guard duty were the dregs of the Japanese military.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many had washed out of regular soldierly
life, too incompetent to perform basic duties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Quite a few were deranged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to captives, there were two characteristics common to nearly
all Ofuna guards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One was marked
stupidity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other was murderous
sadism.” p. 194 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corporal Punishment </b>“In the Japanese
military of that era, corporal punishment was routine practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Iron must be beaten while it’s hot; soldiers
must be beaten while they’re fresh” was a saying among servicemen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“No strong soldiers,” went another, “are made
without beatings.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.194<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Japanese Racism</b> “One [opinion common in
Japan] held that Japanese were racially and morally superior to non-Japanese, a
“pure” people divinely destined to rule.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Just as Allied soldiers, like the cultures they came from, often held
virulently racist views of the Japanese, Japanese soldiers and civilians,
intensely propagandized by their government, usually carried their own caustic
prejudices about their enemies, seeing them as brutish, subhuman beasts or
fearsome “Anglo-Saxon devils.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
racism, and the hatred and fear it fomented, surely served as an accelerant for
abuse of Allied prisoners.” pp. 194-195<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;">
51. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Japanese Would Not Be Captured</b> “In
Japan’s militaristic society, all citizens, from earliest childhood, were
relentlessly indoctrinated with the lesson that to be captured in war was
intolerable shameful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1941 Japanese
Military Field Code made clear what was expected of those facing capture: “Have
regard for you family first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather than
live and bear the shame of imprisonment, the soldier must die and avoid leaving
a dishonorable name.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result, in
many hopeless battles, virtually every Japanese soldier fought to the
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For every Allied soldier killed, four
were captured; for every 120 Japanese soldiers killed, one was captured.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In some losing battles, Japanese soldiers
committed suicide en masse to avoid capture. The few who were captured
sometimes gave false names, believing that their families would rather think their
son had died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The depth of the
conviction was demonstrated at Australia’s Cowra camp in 1944, when hundreds of
Japanese POWs flung themselves at camp machineguns and set their living
quarters afire in a mass suicide attempt that became know as ”the night of a
thousand suicides.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The contempt and
revulsion that most Japanese felt for those who surrendered or were captured
extended to Allied servicemen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
thinking created an atmosphere in which to abuse, enslave and even murder a
captive or POW was considered acceptable, even desirable.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 195<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<u><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"></span></o:p></u> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
52. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As in Slavery </b>“Writing
of his childhood in slavery, Frederick Douglass told of being acquired by a man
whose wife was a tender hearted woman who had never owned a slave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Her face was made of heavenly smiles and her
voice of tranquil music,” Douglas wrote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She lavished him with motherly love, even giving him reading lessons,
unheard of in slaveholding society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
after being ordered by her husband to treat the boy like the slave he was, she
transformed into a vicious “demon.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She,
like Ofuna guards more than a century later, had succumbed to what Douglass
called “the fatal poison of irresponsible power.” p. 196<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
53. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kill-all Policy </b>“That
August [1942], the Japanese war Ministry would issue a clarification of this
order, sending it to all POW camp commanders: “At such time as the situation
becomes urgent and it be extremely important, the POWs will be concentrated and
confined in their present location and under heavy guard the preparation for
the final disposition will be made . . . Weather they are destroyed
individually or in groups, or however it is done, with mass bombing, poisonous
smoke, poisons, drowning, decapitation, or what, dispose of them as the
situation dictates . . . In any case it is the aim not to allow the escape of a
single one, to annihilate them all and not to leave any traces””.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 198-199<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
54. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Torture </b>“The
Japanese had attempted, in vain, torture information out of Fitzgerald,
clubbing him, jamming penknives under his fingernails, tearing his fingernails
off, and applying the “water cure”—tipping him backward, holding his mouth
shut, and pouring water up his nose until he passed out.” p. 210<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
55. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Morse Code</b> “
. . . words couldn’t be used, Morse code could . . . men would whisper in code,
using “tit” for “dot” and “da” for “dash,” words that could be spoken without
moving the lips.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 103-104<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
56. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Home Made Book</b>
“Louie had another, private act of rebellion. A fellow captive, a bookbinder in
civilian life, gave him a tiny book that he’d made in camp with rice paste
flattened into pages and sewn together . . . He knew that he might well die
here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wanted to leave a testament to
what he had endured and who he had been.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>b. 204<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
57. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mock Race </b>“The
guards were fascinated to learn that the sick, emaciated man in the first
barracks had once been an Olympic runner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They quickly found a Japanese runner and brought him in for a match race
against the American.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hauled out and
forced to run, Louie was trounced, and the guards made tittering mockery of
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie was angry and shaken, and his
growing weakness scared him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>POWs were
dying by the thousands in camps all over Japan and its captured territories,
and winter was coming.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
58. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fortune-teller</b>
“Cecy [Phil’s fiancée] was a sensible, educated woman, but in her anguish, she
did something completely out of character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She went to a fortune-teller and asked about Allen [Phil]. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The fortune-teller
told her that Allen wasn’t dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
injured but alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would be found,
she said, before Christmas.” p. 218 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
59. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Killing Koreans</b>
“[On the] isle, Tinian, where the Japanese held five thousand Koreans,
conscripted as laborers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apparently afraid
that the Koreans would join the enemy if the Americans invaded, the Japanese
employed the kill-all policy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
murdered all five thousand Koreans.” p. 223<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
60. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chinese Killed
for Protecting Doolittle’s Men</b> “After bombing Japan, some of the Doolittle
crews had run out of gas and crashed or bailed out over China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Civilians had hidden the airmen from the
Japanese, who’d ransacked the country in search of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Harris, Tinker, and Louie had heard rumors
that the Japanese had retaliated against Chinese civilians for sheltering the
Doolittle men, but didn’t know the true extent of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Japanese had murdered an estimated
quarter of a million civilians.” p. 225<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
61. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Good Japanese”</b>
“After the war, some POWs would tell of heroic Japanese civilians who snuck
them food and medicine, incurring ferocious beatings from guards when they were
caught.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But this behavior was not the
rule.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 226<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
62. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anti Escape
Decree</b> “Ofuna officials . . . issued a new decree: Anyone caught escaping
would be executed, and for every escapee, several captive officers would be
shot.” p. 226<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
63. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BSA Once More</b>
“Louie saw a wooden apple box lying nearby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Remembering his Boy Scout friction-fire training, he grabbed the box and
broke it up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He asked one of the other
men to unthread the lace for his boot. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He fashioned a spindle out of a bamboo stick,
fit it into a hole in a slat from the apple box, wound the bootlace around the
spindle, and began alternately pulling the ends, turning the spindle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a good bit of work, smoke rose from the
spindle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie picked up bits of a
discarded <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tatami</i> mat, laid them on
the smoking area, and blew on them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
mat remnants whooshed into flames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
men gathered close to the fire, and cigarettes emerged from pockets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everyone got warmer.” p.233<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
64. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Geneva Convention
Ignored </b>“The 1929 Geneva Convention, which Japan had signed but never
ratified, permitted detaining powers to use POWs for labor, with
restrictions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The laborers had to be
physically fit, and the labor couldn’t be dangerous, unhealthy, or of
unreasonable difficulty. The work had to be unconnected to the operations of
war, and POWs were to be given pay commensurate with their labor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, to ensure the POW officers had
control over their men, they could not be forced to work.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Virtually
nothing about Japans use of POWs was in keeping with the Geneva
Convention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be an enlisted prisoner
of war under the Japanese was to be a slave . . . The only aspect of the Geneva
Convention that the Japanese sometimes respected was the prohibition on forcing
officers to work.” p. 234<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
65. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Food</b> “Along
with rice, the men received some vegetables, but protein was almost
nonexistent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About once a week, someone
would push a wheelbarrow into the camp, bearing “meat.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because a wheelbarrow’s worth was spread over
hundreds of men, a serving amounted to about a thimble-sized portion; it
consisted of things like lungs and intestines, assorted dog parts, something
the POWs called “elephant semen,” and, once, a mystery lump that, after
considerable speculation, the men decided was a horse’s vagina.” p. 235<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
66. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sexual Pleasure
of Violence </b>“Watanabe derived another pleasure from violence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to [Yuichi] Hatto [the camp
accountant], Watanabe was a sexual sadist, freely admitting that beating prisoners
brought him to climax.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He did enjoy
hurting POWs,” wrote Hatto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He was
satisfying his sexual desire by hurting them.” p.23<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
67. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KYBO Duty </b>“The
Bird’s next move was to announce that from now on, the officers would empty the
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">benjos</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eight <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">benjos</i>
were no match for nine hundred dysenteric men, and keeping the pits from oozing
over was a tall order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie and the
other officers used “honey dippers”— giant ladles—to spoon waste from the pits
into buckets, then carried the buckets to cesspits outside the camp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The work was nauseating and degrading, and
when heavy rains came, the waste oozed out of the cesspits and back into
camp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To deprive the Bird of the
pleasure of seeing them miserable the men made a point of being jolly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Martindale created the “Royal Order of the
Benjo.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The motto,” he wrote, “was
unprintable.” pp. 242-243<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
68. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More Good
Japanese </b>“Some Japanese, including Hatto, tried to help POWs behind
Watanabe’s back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one did more than
Private Yukichi Kano, the camp interpreter . . . “there was a far braver man
than I,” wrote POW Pappy Boyington, winner of the Medal of Honor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kano’s “heart was being torn out most of the
time, a combination of pity for the ignorance and brutality of some of his own
countrymen and a complete understanding of the suffering of the prisoners.” pp.
246-247<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
69. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louie Would Not
Give In</b> “Other prisoners warned Louie that he had to show deference or the
Bird would never stop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie couldn’t do
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he raised his eyes, all that
shone in them was hate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To Watanabe,
whose life was consumed with forcing men into submission Louie’s defiance was
an intolerable, personal offense.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.
246<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
70. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fortune Teller 2</b>
“Cecy got the news she had awaited for so long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The fortune-teller had said that Allen <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Phil] would be found before Christmas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was December 8.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
71. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Theft of Red
Cross Packages</b> “What was most maddening was that ample food was so
near.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twice that fall, Red Cross relief
packages had been delivered for the POWs, but instead of distributing them,
camp officials had hauled them into storage and begun taking what they wanted
form them.* <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
*After the war, the head of the Tokyo area camps would admit
that he had ordered the distribution of Red Cross parcels to Japanese
personnel.” p. 267<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
72. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Propaganda</b> “
. . . [from] a truck brimming with apples and oranges . . . The men were told
that they could take two pieces each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
the famished men swarmed onto the pile, Japanese photographers circled,
snapping photos. Then just as the men were ready to devour the fruit, the order
came to put it back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The entire thing
had been staged for propaganda.” p. 268<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
73. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louie Gives His
Red Cross Box to Harris </b>“The Omori POW doctor examined Harris gravely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told Louie that the thought the marine was
dying.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That same
day, Oguri opened the storehouse and had the Red Cross boxes handed out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Giving his box to Harris was, Louie would
say, the hardest and easiest thing he eve did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Harris rallied.” p. 272<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
74. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mass Murder on
Palawan</b> “On December 15 on Palawan, the guards suddenly began screaming
that there were enemy planes coming.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
POWs crawled into the shelters and sat there, hearing no planes. Then liquid
began to rain onto them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
gasoline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The guards tossed in torches,
then hand grenades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The shelters, and
the men inside, erupted in flames.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As the
guards cheered, the POWs fought to escape, some clawing their own fingertips
off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nearly all of those who broke out
were bayoneted, machine-gunned, or beaten to death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only eleven men escaped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They swam across a nearby bay and were
discovered by inmates at a penal colony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The inmates delivered them to Filipino guerrillas, who brought them to
American forces.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>That night,
the Japanese threw a party to celebrate the massacre.” p. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>273<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Bombing of Tokyo</b>
“. . . the hammer fell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At seven in the
morning, during a heavy snowstorm, sixteen hundred carrier-based planes flew
past Omori and bombed Tokyo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then came
B-29s, 229 of them, carrying incendiary bombs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Encountering almost no resistance, they sped for the industrial district
and let their bombs fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The POWs could
see fire dancing over skyline.” p. 274<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
76. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reveled by the
Flames</b> “The Naoetsu-bound men [Naoetsu – the slave labor camp] climbed
aboard a truck, which bore them into Tokyo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Watching the air battle over the city had been exhilarating, but when
the men saw the consequences, they were shocked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whole neighborhoods had been reduced to charred
ruins, row after row of homes now nothing but black bones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the rubble, Louie noticed something
shining.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standing in the remains of many
houses were large industrial machines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What Louie was seeing was a small fragment of a giant cottage industry, war
production farmed out to innumerable private homes, schools, and small “shadow
factories.”” p. 275<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
78. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Bird – Again</b>
“Louie and the others trudged into the compound and stopped before a shack,
where they were told to stand at attention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They waited for some time, the wind frisking their clothes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At last, a
door thumped open.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A man rushed out and snapped
to a halt, screaming “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Keirei!”</i> <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was the
Bird.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie’s
legs folded, the snow reared up at him and down he went.” p. 276<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
79. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Black Hole at Naoetsu</b>
“Stacked against one wall were dozens of small boxes, some of which had broken
open and spilled gray ash onto the floor. These were the cremated remains of
sixty Australian POWs—one in every five prisoners—who had died in this camp in
1943 and 1944, succumbing to pneumonia, beriberi, malnutrition colitis, or a
combination of these.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Relentless physical
abuse had precipitated most of the deaths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In a POW camp network that would resonate across history as a supreme
example of cruelty, Naoetsu had won a special place as one of the blackest
holes in the Japanese Empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the
many hells that Louie had known in this war, this place would be the worst.” p.
278<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
80. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Worked to Death</b>
“The Japanese literally worked men to death at Naoetsu. . . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>He [the
Bird] stormed and frothed, seeming completely deranged.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Finally, he
screamed his punishment: From now on, all officers would perform hard labor,
loading coal on barges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they refused,
he would execute every one of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
look at the Bird told Fitzgerald that this was an order he could not fight.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Early the
next morning, as the officers were marched off to labor, the Bird stood by,
watching them go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was smiling.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was a
short walk into slavery.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 282<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Shoveling Coal</b>
“The POWs were taken back to shore and dropped there, so caked in coal that
they were virtually indistinguishable.<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Every
morning, the men were sent back to take up their shovels again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every night, they dragged back into camp, a
long line of blackened ghosts trudging into the barracks and falling onto their
bunks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Weary to their bones, spitting
black saliva.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 283<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Beating </b>“The
Bird called for the work party to line up before him and ordered the thieves to
stand before the group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He then walked
down the line, pulling out Wade, Tinker, Louie, and two other officers and
making them stand with the thieves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
announced that these officers were responsible for the behavior of the thieves.
His punishment: Each enlisted man would punch each officer and thief in the
face, as hard as possible.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The chosen
men looked at the line of enlisted men in terror: there were some one hundred
of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Any man who refused to carry
out the order, the Bird said, would meet the same fate as the officers and
thieves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told the guards to club any
men who didn’t strike the chosen men with maximum force, <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The enlisted
men had no choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first, they tried
to hit softly, but the Bird studied each blow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When a man didn’t punch hard enough, the Bird would begin shrieking and
clubbing him, joined by the guards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
the errant man would be forced to hit the victim repeatedly until the Bird was
satisfied.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie began whispering to each
man to get it over with, and hit hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some of the British men whispered "Sorry sir,” before punching
Wade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For the
first few punches, Louie stayed on his feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But his legs soon began to waver, and he collapsed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pulled himself upright, but fell again
with the next punch, and then the next.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Eventually, he blacked out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
he came to, the Bird force the men to resume punching him, Screaming, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Next! Next! Next!”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Louie’s whiling mind, the voice began to
sound like the tramping of feet.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The sun
sank. The beating went on for some two hours, the Bird watching with fierce and
erotic pleasure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When every enlisted
man had done his punching, the Bird ordered the guards to club each one twice
in the head with a kendo stick.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The victims
had to be carried to the barracks. Louie’s face was so swollen that for several
days he could barely open his mouth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
Wade’s estimate, each man had been punched in the face some 220 times.” pp. 289-290<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p></o:p>83. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">No Surrender “</b>The
POWs were so disturbed by the obvious famine among the civilians that they
stopped stealing at the work sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was clear to them that Japan had long ago lost this war.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>But Japan
was a long way from giving in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a
massively destructive air war would not win surrender, invasion seemed the only
possibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>POWs all over the country were
noticing worrisome signs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They saw women
holding sharpened sticks, practicing lunges at stacks of rice straw, and small
children being lined up in front of schools, handed wooden mock guns and
drilled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Japan, whose people deemed
surrender shameful, appeared to be preparing to fight to the last man, woman,
or child.” pp. 291-292<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Beam</b>
“Lying on the ground before them was a thick, heavy wooden beam, some six feet
long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pick it up, the Bird said.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With some effort, Louie hoisted it up, and
the Bird ordered him to lift it high and hold it directly over his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie heaved the beam up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bird called a guard over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the prisoner Lowes his arms, the Bird told
him, hit him with your gun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bird
walked to a nearby shack climbed on the roof, and settled in to watch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie stood
in the sun, holding up the beam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Bird stretched over the roof like a contented cat, calling to the Japanese who
walked by, pointing to Louie and laughing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Louie locked his eyes on the Bird’s face, radiating hatred.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Several
minutes passed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie stood, eyes on the
Bird.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The beam felt heavier and heavier,
the pain more intense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bird watched
Louie, amused by his suffering, mocking him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Wade and Tinker went on with their work, stealing anxious glances at the
scene across the compound.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wade had
looked at the camp clock when Louie had first lifted the beam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He became more and more conscious of how much
time was passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Five more
minutes passed, then ten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie’s arms
began to waver and go numb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His body
shook. The beam tipped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The guard jabbed
Louie with his gun, and Louie straightened up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Less and less blood was reaching his head, and he began to feel
confused, his thoughts gauzy, the camp swimming around him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt his consciousness slipping, his mind
losing adhesion, until all he knew was a single thought: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">He cannot break me</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Across
the compound the Bird stopped laughing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Time ticked
on, and still Louie remained in the same position, conscious and yet not, the
beam over his head, his eyes on the Bird’s face, enduring long past when his
strength should have given out<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Something went on inside of me,” he said later. “I don’t know what it
was.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>There was a
flurry of motion ahead of him, the Bird leaping down from the roof and charging
toward him, enraged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Watanabe’s fist
rammed into Louie’s stomach, and Louie folded over in agony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The beam dropped, striking Louie’s head. He
flopped to the ground.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When he
woke, he didn’t know where he was or what had happened. He saw Wade and some
other POWs, along with a few guards, crouched around him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bird was gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie had no memory of the last several
minutes, and had no idea how long he’d stood there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Wade had looked at the clock when Louie
had fallen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie had
held the beam aloft for thirty-seven minutes.” pp. 295-296 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p></o:p>85. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BSA – Boy Scout
Knots</b> “Louie couldn’t find a rope long enough to tie a man [the Bird] to a
boulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began stealing shorter
lengths of rope, secreting them away, then tying them together with his
strongest Boy Scout knots.” p. 298<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hiroshima</b> “At
a quarter to three on the morning of August 6, 1945, a B-29 skipped off Runway
Able on Tinian Island . . . Crossing the Inland Sea, Tibbets saw a city ahead .
. . <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“It’s
Hiroshima.” . . .<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At 8:15.17,
the bomb slipped from the plane.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tibbets
turned the plane as hard as he could and put it into a dive to gain speed . . .
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>One of the
crewmen counted seconds in his head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When he hit forty-three, nothing happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He didn’t know that he had been counting too
quickly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For an instant, he thought the
mission had failed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Exactly as
the thought crossed his mind, the sky over the city ripped open in a firestorm
of color and sound and felling wind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
white light, ten times the intensity of the sun, enveloped the plane as the
flash and sound and jolt of it skidded out in all directions . . . the copilot
scribbled two words in his diary: MY GOD! . . .<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At POW Camp
10-D, on the far side of the mountains by Hiroshima, prisoner Ferron Cummins
felt a concussion roll down from the hills, and the air warmed strangely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He looked up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A fantastically huge, roiling cloud, glowing bluish gray, swaggered over
the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was more than three miles
tall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Below it, Hiroshima was boiling.”
pp. 299-300<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Summery of Atrocity
</b>“In its rampage over the east, Japan had brought atrocity and death on a
scale that staggers the imagination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the midst of it were the prisoners of war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Japan held some 132,000 POWs from America, Britain, Canada, New Zealand,
Holland, and Australia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of those nearly
36,000 died, more than one in every four. * (*Japan also held more than 215,000
POWs from other countries and untold thousands of forced laborers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their death rates are unknown.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Americans fared particularly badly; of the 34,648
Americans held by Japan, 12,935—more than 37 percent—died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By comparison, only 1 percent of Americans
held by the Nazis and Italians died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Japan murdered thousands of POWs on death marches, and worked thousands
of others to death in slavery, including some 16,000 POWs who died alongside as
many as 100,000 Asian laborers forced to build the Burma-Siam Railway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thousands of other POWs were beaten, burned,
stabbed, or clubbed to death, shot, beheaded, killed during medical experiments,
or eaten alive in ritual acts of cannibalism. And as a result of being feed
grossly inadequate and befouled food and water thousands more died of
starvation and easily preventable diseases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of the 2,500 POWs at Borneo’s Sandakan camp, only 6, all escapees, made
it to September 1945 alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Left out of
the numbering statistics are untold numbers of men who were captured and killed
on the spot or dragged to places like Kwajalein, to be murdered without the
world ever learning their fate.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
accordance with the kill-all order, the Japanese massacred all 5,000 Korean
captives on Tinian, all of the POWs on Ballale, Wake, and Tarawa, and all but
11 POWs at Palawan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were evidently
about to murder all other POWs and civilian internees in their custody when the
atomic bomb brought their empire crashing down.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On the
morning of September 2, 1945, Japan signed its formal surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Second World War was over.” p. 315<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
88. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Forgiveness</b>
“For Louie, these were days of bliss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Though he was still sick, wasted, and weak, he glowed with euphoria such
as he had never experienced . . . forgiveness coursed through all of the men at
Naoetsu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>POWs doled out supplies to
civilians and stood in circles of children, handing out chocolate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Louie and other POWs brought food and
clothing to the guards and asked them to take it home to their families” pp.
315-316<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Food Bombs</b>
“All over Japan, B-29s continued pouring food down on POWs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than one thousand planes saturated the
landscape with nearly forty-five hundred tons of Spam and fruit cocktail, soup,
chocolate, medicine, clothing, and countless other treasures.” p. 316<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Commander John
Fitzgerald Gets a Train</b> “. . . Fitzgerald asked a Japanese station official
to arrange for a ten-carriage train to be there the next day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The official refused, and was plenty
obnoxious about it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Commander
John Fitzgerald had been in Japanese custody since April 1943.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For two and a half years, he’d been forced to
grovel before sadists and imbeciles as he tried to protect his men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He’d been starved, beaten, and enslaved,
given the water cure, had his fingernails torn out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was done negotiating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He hauled back and punched the station
official, to the delight of Ken Marvin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The next morning, the train was there, right on time.” pp. 317-318<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A View of
Destruction</b> “From the top of Japan to the bottom, trains packed with POWs
snaked toward Yokohama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men pressed
their faces to the windows to catch their first glimpse of what all of those
B-29s had done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once-grand cities were
now flat, black stains, their only recognizable feature a gridwork [sp.] of
burned roads, passing nothing, leading nowhere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the first sight of the destruction of their enemy, the POWs
cheered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But after the first city there
was another, then another, city after city razed, the survivors drifting about
like specters, picking through the rubble.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The cheering died away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On
Louie’s train, the silence came as they passed though Tokyo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A week after Louie had left Omori, sixteen
square miles of Tokyo, and tens of thousands of souls had been immolated by
B-29s.” pp. 319-320<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Value of
Hiroshima</b> “A few of the trains slipped past Hiroshima.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Virtually every POW believed that the
destruction of this city had saved them from execution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Falconer, a survivor of the Bataan Death
March, looked out as Hiroshima neared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“First there were trees,” he told historian Donald Knox.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then the leaves were missing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As you got closer, branches were
missing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Closer still, the trunks were
gone and then, as you got in the middle, there was nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was beautiful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I realized this
was what had ended the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It meant we
didn’t have to go hungry any longer, or go without medical treatment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was so insensitive to anyone else’s human
needs and suffering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I know it’s not
right to say it was beautiful, because it really wasn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I believe the end probably justified the
means.” p. 320<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
93. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Never Do It Again</b>
“If I [Louie] knew I had to go through those experiences again,” he final said,
“I’d kill myself.” p. 320<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Secret Flag Flown</b>
“That afternoon [Sept. 2, 1945], an American navy man dug through his
belongings and pulled out his most secret and precious possession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an American flag with a remarkable
provenance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1941, just before Singapore
had fallen to the Japanese, an American missionary woman had given it to a
British POW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The POW had been loaded
aboard a ship, which had sunk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two days
later, another British POW had rescued the flag from where it lay underwater
and slipped it to the American navy man, who had carried it through the entire
war, somehow hiding it from the Japanese, until this day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The POWs pulled down the Japanese flag and
ran the Stars and Stripes up the pole over Rokuroshi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The men stood before it, hands up in salutes,
tears running down their faces.” p. 325<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The List of War
Criminals</b> “On September 11, General MacArthur, now the<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
supreme commander of Allied powers in occupied Japan,
ordered the arrest of forty war-crimes suspects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While thousands of men would be sought later
this preliminary list was composed of those accused of the worst crimes,
including list-topper Hideki Tojo, mastermind of Pearl Harbor and the man on
whose orders POWs had been enslaved and starved, and Masahuru Homma, who was
responsible for the Bataan Death March.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the list with them was Mutsuhiro Watanabe. pp. 334-335<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Execution of
Tojo </b>“Tojo was found in his home that day, sitting in chair, blood gushing
from a self-inflected bullet wound in his chest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whispering <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“Banzai!”</i> and saying he’d rather die than face trial, Tojo was
given a pint of American blood plasma, then taken to a hospital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he recovered, he was housed at Omori,
sleeping in Bob Martindale’s bunk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
complained about lice and bedbugs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
was tried, sentenced to death, and in1948, hanged.” p. 335<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How They Suffered</b>
“ . . . Physically, almost every one of them was ravaged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The average army or army air forces Pacific
POW had lost sixty-one pounds in captivity, a remarkable statistic given that
roughly three-quarters of the men had weighed just 159 pounds or less upon
enlistment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tuberculosis, malaria,
dysentery, malnutrition, anemia, eye ailments, and festering wounds were
widespread.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At one chain of hospitals,
doctors found a history of wet beriberi in 77 percent of POWs and dry beriberi
in half.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among Canadian POWs, 84 percent
had neurologic damage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Respiratory diseases,
from infections and exposure to unbreathable air in factories and mines, were
rampant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Men had been crippled and
disfigured by unset broken bones, and their teeth had been ruined by beatings
and years of chewing grit in their food.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Others had gone blind from malnutrition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Scores of men were so ill that they had to be carried from camps, and it
was common for men to remain hospitalized for many months after repatriation.
Some couldn’t be saved.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
physical injuries were lasting, debilitating, and sometimes deadly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A 1954 study found that in the first two
postwar years, former Pacific POWs died at almost four times the expected rate
for men of their age, and continued to die at unusually high rates for many
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The health repercussions often lasted
for decades; a follow-up study found that twenty-two years after the war,
former Pacific POWs had hospitalization rates between two and eight times
higher than former European POWs for a host of diseases.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As bad as
were the physical consequences of captivity, the emotional injuries were much more
insidious, widespread, and enduring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the first six postwar years, one of the most common diagnoses given to
hospitalized former Pacific POWs was psychoneurosis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nearly forty years after the war, more than
85 percent of former Pacific POWs in one study suffered from post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), characterized in part by flashbacks, anxiety, and
nightmares.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in a 1987 study, eight
in ten former Pacific POWs had “Psychiatric impairment,” six in ten had anxiety
disorders, more than one in four had PTSD, and nearly one in five was
depressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For some, there was only one
way out: a 1970 study report that former Pacific POWs committed suicide 30
percent more often then controls.” pp. 346-347<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">An Atrocity</b>
“Raymond “Hap” Holloran was a navigator who parachuted into Tokyo after his
B-29 was shot down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once on the ground,
Halloran was beaten by a mob of civilians, then captured by Japanese
authorities, who tortured him, locked him in a pig cage, and held him in a
burning horse stall during the fire bombings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They stripped him naked and put him on display at Tokyo’s Ueno Zoo, tied
upright in an empty tiger cage so civilians could gawk at his filthy,
sore-encrusted body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was starved so
severely that he lost one hundred pounds.” pp. 247-348 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Executions</b>
“As the Bird hid, other men who had abused POWs were arrested, taken to Sugamo
Prison, in Tokyo, and tried for war crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Roughly 5,400 Japanese were tried by the United States and other nations;
some 4,400 were convicted, including 984 given death sentences and 475 given
life in prison* (* Some death sentences were later commuted: 920 men were
eventually executed.)”<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
100. “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Never Came
Home”</b> “No one could reach Louie, because he had never really come home. In
prison camp, he’d been beaten into dehumanized obedience to a world order in
which the Bird was absolute sovereign, and it was under this world order that
he still lived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bird had taken his
dignity and left him feeling humiliated, ashamed, and powerless, and Louie
believed that only the Bird could restore him, by suffering and dying in the
grip of his hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A once singularly
hopeful man now believed that his only hope lay in murder.” pp. 365-366<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
101. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Billy Graham and
the Footprints of God</b> “Under the tent that night, Graham spoke of how the
word was in an age of war, an age defined by persecution and suffering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why, Graham asked, is God silent while good
men suffer?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He began his answer by
asking his audience to consider the evening sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“If you look into the heavens tonight, on
this beautiful California night, I see the stars and can see the footprints of
God,” he said. “ . . . I think to myself, my heavenly father, hung them there
with a flaming fingertip and holds them there with the power of his omnipotent
hand, and he runs the whole universe, and he’s not too busy running the whole
universe to count the hairs on my head and see a sparrow when it falls, because
God is interested in me . . . God spoke in creation” p 374 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
102. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Graham on Faith</b>
“What God asks of men, said Graham, is faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His invisibility is the truest test of that faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To know who sees him, God makes himself
unseen.” p .375<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Miracle of
the Promise “</b>As he reached the aisle, he stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cynthia, the rows of bowed heads, the sawdust
underfoot, the tent around him, all disappeared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A memory long beaten back, the memory from
which he had run the evening before, was upon him.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Louie was
on the raft.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was gentle Phil
crumpled up before him, Mac’s breathing skeleton, endless ocean stretching away
in every direction, the sun lying over them, the cunning bodies of the sharks, waiting,
circling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was a body on a raft, dying
of thirst.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt words whisper from
his swollen lips. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a promise
thrown at heaven, a promise he had not kept, a promise he had allowed himself
to forget until just this instant” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">If you
will save me, I will serve you forever.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And then, standing under a circus tent on a clear night in downtown Los
Angeles, Louie felt rain falling.” p. 375 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cleaning Up His
Life</b> “When they entered the apartment, Louie went straight to his cache of
liquor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was the time of night when
the need usually took hold of him, but for the first time in years, Louie had
no desire to drink.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He carried the
bottles to the kitchen sink, opened them, and poured their contents into the
drain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he hurried through the
apartment, gathering packs of cigarettes, a secret stash of girlie magazines,
everything that was part of his ruined years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He heaved it all down the trash chute.” p. 376<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
105. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Saved by Love</b>
“When he thought of his history, what resonated with him now was not all that
he had suffered but the divine love that he believed had intervened to save
him.” P. 376<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
106. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Compassion </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In Sugamo Prison, as he was told of
Watanabe’s fate, all Louie saw was a lost person, a life now beyond
redemption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He felt something that he
had never felt for his captor before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With a shiver of amazement, he realized that it was compassion.” p. 379<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Boys Camp</b>
“So opened the great project of Louie’s life, the nonprofit Victory Boys Camp .
. .Victory became a tonic for lost boys.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Louie took on anyone including one boy so ungovernable that Louie had to
be deputized by as sheriff to gain custody of him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He took the boys fishing, swimming, horseback
riding, camping, and in winter, skiing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He led them on mountain hikes, letting them talk out their troubles, and
rappelled down cliffs beside them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
showed them vocational films, living for the days when a boy would see a career
depicted and whisper, “That’s what I want to do!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each evening, Louie sat with the boys before
a campfire, telling them about his youth, the war, and the road that had led
him to peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We went easy on
Christianity, but laid it before them as an option. Some we convinced, some
not, but either way, boys who arrived at Victory as ruffians often left it
renewed and reformed.” pp. 381-382<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Fame”</b> “The
house on Gramercy became a historic landmark, Louie was chosen to carry the Olympic
torch before five different Games.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So
many groups would clamor to give him awards that he’d find it difficult to fit
everyone in” p. 383 <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Christmas
Amnesty”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“ . . . there was a worldwide
outcry for punishment of the Japanese who had abused POWs , and the war-crimes
trials began.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But new political
realities soon emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As American occupiers
worked to help Japan transition to democracy and independence, the Cold War was
beginning. With communism wicking across the Far East, America’s leaders began
to see a future alliance with Japan as critical to national security. The
sticking point was the war-crimes issue; the trials were intensely unpopular in
Japan, spurring a movement seeking the release of all convicted war criminals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the pursuit of justice for POSWs suddenly
in conflict with America’s security goals, something had to give.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On December
24, 1948, as the occupation began to wind down, General MacArthur declared a
“Christmas amnesty” for the last seventeen men awaiting trial for Class A war
crimes, the designation for those who had guided the war.” pp. 390-391<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
109. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The End “</b>Mutsuhiro
Watanabe’s flight was over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his
absence, many of his fellow camp guards and officials had been convicted of war
crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some had been executed. The
others wouldn’t be in prison for long.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In keeping with the American effort to reconcile with Japan, all of
them, including those serving life sentences, would soon be paroled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It appears that even Suehar Kitamra, “the
Quack,” was set free, in spite of his death sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1958, every criminal who had not been
executed would be free, and on December 30 of that year, all would be granted
amnesty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sugamo would be torn down, an
the epic ordeals of POWs in Japan would fade form the world’s memory.” p. 392 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Japanese POWs in
America</b> “ . . . Shoichi Ishizuka, a veteran who’d been held as a POW by the
Americans and treated so kindly that he referred to the experience as “lucky
prison life.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 394<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<o:p> </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
111. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Still Running</b>
“At last [January 22, 1998], it was time. Louie extended his hand, and in it
was placed the Olympic torch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His legs
could no longer reach and push as they once had, but they were sill sure
beneath him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He raised the torch, bowed,
and began running.” p. 397<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-60438522880560361002014-12-14T09:27:00.000-07:002014-12-14T09:27:37.807-07:00The Voyage of Argo - Apolonius of Rhodes<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Voyage of Argo</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> – Apollonius of Rhodes <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I first saw the movie “Jason and the Argonauts” when I was a
little boy. Over the years I have told the story to my Greek and Roman classes
for decades – but it took till now [2014] for me to actually read the book
myself. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Apollonius of Rhodes was borne in 270 BC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would eventually become the chief Liberian
at Alexandria.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I enjoyed reading the
“history”, the thinking of the ancients, the stories of heroes I love
(especially Castor, Polydeuces, and Peleus), and much about the gods – the
powers they represent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is interesting
that the two main characters, Jason and Medea, are so loathsome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There physical beauty does not redeem their
perfidy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. “And now, from Sparta, Aetolian Lede sent the mighty
Polydeuces and Castor, that famous that famous master of the racing horse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had borne these two in Tyndareus’ place
at a single birth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She loved them
dearly, but she did not try to keep them back: hers was a spirit worthy of the
love of Zeus.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 39<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. “First of all, at a word from Argus, they strengthened
the ship by girding her with stout rope, which they drew taut on either side,
so that her planks should not spring from their bolts but stand any pounding
that the seas might give them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next they
quickly hollowed out a runway wide enough to take her beam, extending it into
the sea as far as the prow would reach when they launched her, and as the
trench advanced, digging deeper and deeper below the level of her stem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then they laid smooth rollers of the
bottom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This done, they tipped her down
onto the first rollers, on top of which she was to glide along.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Next, high up on both sides of the ship, they
swung the oars inboard and fastened each handle to its tholepin so that a foot
and a half projected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They themselves
took their stance on either side, one behind the other, breasting the oars and
pressing with their hands.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now
Tiphys leapt on board to tell the young men when to push.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He gave the order with a mighty shout and
they put their backs into it at once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
the first heave they shifted her from where she lay; then strained forward with
their feet to keep her on the move.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
move she did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Between the two files of
hustling shouting men. Pelian Argo ran swiftly down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rollers, chafed by the sturdy keel,
groaned and reacted to the weight by putting up a pall of smoke.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus she slid into the sea, and would have
run still farther, had they not stood by and checked her with hawsers.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 45-46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. “His [Philyra] wife came too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was carrying Peleus’ little boy Achilles
on her arm, and she held him up for his dear father to see.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Here, in the
previous year, the women had run riot and slaughtered every male
inhabitant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The married men, seized with
loathing for their lawful wives, had cast them off, conceiving an unruly
passion for the captured girls they brought across the sea from raids in Thrace
. . . Unhappy women!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their
soul-destroying and insensate jealousy drove them to kill not only their
husbands and the girls who had usurped their beds, but every male as well in
order that they might not have to pay the price one day for this atrocious
massacre.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 52 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5. “But even if Heaven spares us that calamity [an attack
wandering ships], there are many troubles worse than war that you will have to
meet as time goes on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the older
ones among us have died off, how are you younger women, without children, going
to face the miseries of age?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will the
oxen yoke themselves?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will they go out
into the fields and drag the ploughshare through the stubborn fallow?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 54 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Message through
the halcyon</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bout towards the end of
the next night, while Acastus and Mopsus watched over their comrades,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>who had long been fast asleep, a halcyon
hovered over the golden head of Aeson’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>son and in its piping voice announced the end of the gales.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mopsus heard it and understood the happy
omen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So when the sea-bird, still
directed by a god, flew off and perched on the mascot of the ship, he went to
Jason, who lay comfortably wrapped in fleeces, woke him quickly with a touch .
. . p. 65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Goddess
Rhea</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“’My lord, you must climb this
holy peak to propitiate Rhea, Mother of all the happy gods, whose lovely throne
is Dindymum itself – and then the gales will cease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I learnt this from a halcyon just now: the
sea-bird flew above you as you slept and told me all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rhea’s dominion covers the winds, the sea,
the whole earth, and the gods’ home on snow-capped Olympus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Zeus himself, the Son of Cronos, gives place
to her when she leaves her mountain haunts and rises into the broad sky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So too do the other blessed ones;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>all pay the same deference to the dread
goddess.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 65<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The loss of Hylas</b> “Hylas soon found a
spring, which the people of the neighborhood call Pegae. He reached it when the
nymphs were about to hold their dances – it was the custom of all those who
haunt that beautiful headland to sing the praise of Artemis by night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nymphs of the mountain peaks and caverns
were all posted some way off to patrol the woods; but one, the naiad of the
spring, was just emerging from the limpid water as Hylas drew near.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there, with the full moon shining on him
from a clear sky, she saw him in all his full radiant beauty and alluring
grace. Her heart was flooded by desire; she had a struggle to regain her
scattered wits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Hylas now leant over
to one side to dip his ewer in; and as soon as the water was gurgling loudly
round the ringing bronze she threw her left arm round his neck in her eagerness
to kiss his gentle lips.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then with her
right hand she drew his elbow down and plunged him in midstream.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 69 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Oath on the River
Styx</b> “And she [Iris] went on to swear by the waters of Styx, the most
portentous and inviolable oath that any god can take, that the Harpies would
never visit Phineus’ house again, such being Fate’s decree.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 81 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zeus’ Attitude on
Prophesy </b>“I [the Prophet Phineus] now realize that he himself intends a
prophet’s revelations to be incomplete, so that humanity may miss some part of
Heaven’s design.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 82 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Apollo</b>
“Here they had a vison of Apollo on his way from Lycia to visit the remote and
teeming peoples of the North.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then
golden locks streamed down his cheeks in clusters as he moved; he had a silver
bow in his left hand and a quiver slung on his back . . . They were awe-struck
at the sight and no one dared to face the god and meet his lovely eyes . . .
The lord Orpheus joined them in their worship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Striking his Bistonian lyre, he told them in song how Apollo long ago,
when he was still a beardless youth rejoicing in his locks, slew the monster
Delphyne with his bow beneath the rocky prow of Parnassus.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 91-92<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Debate
between Jason and Peleus</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“He [Ancaeus]
ran up to Peleus and said:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘My lord,
what sense is there in giving up the quest and wasting time in this outlandish
spot?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jason brought me all the way from
Parthenia to help him find the fleece not because I am a fighter, but because I
do know something about ships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So
believe me, you need have no fears at all for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Argo</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I am not the only
one; there are others here who know the sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not one of them would lead us into trouble if we put him at the
helm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I beg you to pass all this on at
once and to remind them boldly of their duty.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peleus’ heart leapt up for joy and he
quickly summoned the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘My
friends,’ he said ‘why indulge in this unprofitable grief?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When our two comrades died, there must have
been their destiny.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But we have other
steersmen with us, plenty of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On
the, without adventure; there is no excuse for loitering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wake up, I say, and work, casting your
sorrows to the wind.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Jason took him
up; he could see no light ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘My lords
Peleus,’ he said, ‘where are these pilots of yours?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The seamen whom we used to count on are even
more despondent and unmanned than I am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Indeed, I see nothing for us but a fate as sad as that of our lost
friends.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For it looks as though we
should neither reach the terrible Aeetes’ city nor find our way back to Hellas
past the Clashing Rocks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No, we are
doomed to grow old here, inglorious and obscure, with nothing done.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In spite of this, Ancaeus , inspired by
Heaven, promptly undertook the steer and gallant ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Erginus too, and Nauplius and Euphemus all
stood u, eager to have the task,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
there comrades held them back as the greater number voted for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ancaeus.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 97 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">13. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Amazons</b>
“Had the Argonauts stayed here as they intended and come to grips with the
Amazons, the fight would have been a bloody one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the Amazons of the Doeantian plain were
by no means gentle, well-conducted folk; they were brutal and aggressive, and their
main concern in life was war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>War,
indeed, was in their blood, daughters of Ares as they were and of the Nymph
Harmonia, who lay with the god in the depth of the Acmonian Wood and bore him
girls who fell in love with fighting . . . the Amozons of Themiscyra wer arming
for battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I must explain that the
Amazons did not all live in one city; there were three separate tribes settled
in different parts of the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
party on the beach, whose queen at the time was Hippolyte, were Themiscyreans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Lycastians lived apart and so did the
Chadesians, who were javelin-throwers.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Men Suffer the
Birth Pangs</b> “the country of the Tibareni . . . Here, when a woman is in
childbirth, it is the husband who takes to his bed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lies there groaning with his head wrapped
up and his wife feeds him with loving care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She even prepares the bath for the event.” p.101<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Backwards”
People “</b>Next they passed the Sacred Mountain and the highlands were the
Mossynoeci live in the mossynes or wooden houses from which they take their
name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These people have their own ideas
of what is right and proper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What we as
a rule do openly in town or market-place they do at home; and what we do in the
privacy of our houses they do out of doors in the open street, and nobody
thinks the worse of hem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the sexual
act puts no one to the blush in this community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the contrary, like swine in the fields, they lie down on the ground
in promiscuous intercourse and are not al all disconcerted by the presence of
others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then again, their king sits in
the loftiest hut of all to dispense justice to his numerous subjects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if the poor man happen s to make a
mistake in his findings, they lock him up and give him nothing to eat for the
rest of the day.” p.101 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">16. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Birth of Cheiron</b>
“ . . . Cronos and Philyra were surprised in the vey at by the goddess Rhea.
Whereupon Cronos leapt out of bed and galloped off in the form of a long-maned
stallion while Philyra in her shame left the place, deserting her old haunts,
and came to the long Pelasgian ridges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There she gave birth to the monstrous Cheiron, half horse and half
divine, the offspring of a lover in a questionable shape.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 107<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">17. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Suffering of
Prometheus</b> “And now the last recess of the Black Sea opened up and they
caught sight of the high crags of Caucasus, where Prometheus stood chained by
every limb to the hard rock with fetters of bronze, and fed an eagle on his
liver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bird kept eagerly returning
to its feed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They saw it in the
afternoon flying high above the ship with a strident whirr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was near the clouds, yet it made all their
canvas quiver to its wings as it beat by.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For its form was not that of an ordinary bird; the long quill-feathers
of each wing rose and fell like a bank of polished oars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon after the eagle had passed, they heard
Prometheus shriek in agony as it pecked at his liver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The air rang with his screams till at length
they saw the flesh-devouring bird fly back from the mountain by the same way as
it came.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 107-108<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Here’s Test of
Jason</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ . . . I have been very fond
of Jason ever since the time when I was putting human charity on trial and as
he came home from the chase he met me at the mouth of the Anaurus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The river was in spate, for all the mountains
and their high spurs were under snow and cataracts were roaring down their
sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was disguised as an old woman
and he took pity on me, lifted me up, and carried me across he flood on his
shoulders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For that, I will never cease
to honor him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 111 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Here Calls on
Aphrodite for Help </b>“Here, choose her words with care, replied: ‘We are not
asking you to use your hands: force is not needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All we require of you is quietly to tell your
boy to use his wizardry and make Aeetes’ daughter fall in love with Jason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With Medea on his side he should find it easy
to carry off the golden fleece and make his way back to Iolcus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She is something of a witch herself.” p. 111<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cupid Is
Rebellious</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But ladies,” said
Cyprus, speaking now to both of them, [Here and Athena] ‘he is far more likely
to obey you than me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no
reverence in him, but faced by you he might display some spark of decent
feeling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He certainly pays no attention
to me he defies me and always does the opposite of what I say.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact I am so worn out by his naughtiness
that I have half a mind to break his bow and wicked arrows in his very sight, remembering
how he threatened me with them in one of his moods.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 111-112<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">21. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Free Speech and Democracy</b>
“’My friends,’ he said, ‘I am going to tell you what action I myself should
like to take, though its success depends on you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sharing the danger as we do, we share the
right of speech; and I warn the man who keeps his mouth shut when he ought to
speak his mind that he will be the one to wreck our enterprise.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 114 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Power of
Words</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“We ought not to use force to
rob him of his own without so much as seeing what a few words may do; it would
be much better to talk to him first and try to win him over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speech, by smoothing the way, often succeeds
where forceful measures might have failed.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 114<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zeus, God of
Hospitality<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“Every man on earth,
even the greatest rogue, fears Zeus the god of hospitality ad keeps his laws.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">24. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cupid Shoots
Medea</b> “Meanwhile Eros, passing through the clear air, had arrived unseen
and bent on mischief, like a gadfly setting out to plague the grazing heifers, the
fly that cowherds call the breese.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the porch, under the lintel of the door, he quickly strung his bow and from his
quiver took a new arrow, fraught with pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Still unobserved, he ran across the threshold glancing around him
sharply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he crouched low at Jason’s
feet, fitted the notch to the middle of the string, and drawing the bow as far
as his hands would stretch, shot at Medea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And her heart stood still.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a
happy laugh Eros sped out of the high-roofed hall on his way back, leaving his
shaft deep in the girl’s beast, hot as fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Time and again she darted a bright glance at Jason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All else was forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her heart, brimful of this new agony, throbbed
within her and overflowed with the sweetness of the pain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A working woman, rising before dawn to spin
and needing light in her cottage room, piles brushwood on a smoldering log, and
the whole heap kindled by the little brand goes up in a mighty blaze.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such was the fire of Love, stealthy but all
consuming, that swept through Medea’s heart.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the turmoil of her soul her soft cheeks turned from rose to white and
white to rose.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 116-117<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More on Medea’s
Passion</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“As the party wen tout of
the hall, Jason’s comeliness and char singled him out fro all the rest; and
Medea, plucking her bright veil aside, turned wondering eyes upon him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her heart smoldered with pain and as he
passed from sight her soul crept out of her, as in a dream, and fluttered in
his steps . . . Medea too retired, a prey to all the inquietude that Love
awakens. The whole scene was still before her eyes – how Jason looked, the clothes
he wore, the things he said, the way he sat, and how he walked to the
door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seemed to her, as she reviewed
these images, that there was nobody like Jason.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His voice and the honey-sweet words that he had used still rang in her
ears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But she feared for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was afraid that the bulls or Aeetes with
his own hands might kill him; and she mourned him as one already dead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The pity of it overwhelmed her; a round tear
ran down her cheek . . . “ p. 121<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">26.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But oh, how
bleak the prospect is, with our one hope of seeing home again in women’s
hands!” p. 122<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heroes Ready to
Act [Peleus, Castor, and Polydeuces]</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“ The task, as Jason had described it, seemed so impossible to all of
them that for awhile they stood there without a sound or word, looking at one
another in impotent despair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But at last
Peleus took heart and spoke out to his fellow chieftains: ‘The time has
come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must confer and settle what to
do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not that debate will help us much: I
would rather trust to strength of arm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jason, my lord, if you fancy the adventure and mean to yoke Aeetes’ bulls
you will naturally keep your promise and prepare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But if you have the slightest fear that your
nerve may fail you, do not force yourself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And you need not sit there looking round for someone else<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I, for one, am willing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The worst that I shall suffer will be
death.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So said the son of Aeacus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teamon too was stirred and eagerly leapt up;
next Idas, full of lofty thoughts, then Castor and Polydeuces; and with them
one who was already numbered with the men of might though the down scarcely
showing on his cheeks,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meleager son of
Oeneus, his heart uplifted by the courage that dares all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the others made no move, leaving it to
these . . .” pp. 122-123<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blossom from the
Blood of Prometheus</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It first
appeared in a plant that sprang from the blood-like ichor of Prometheus in his
torment, which the flesh-eating eagle had dropped on the spur of Caucasus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The flowers, which grew on twin stalks a
cubit high, were of the color of Corycian saffron, while the root looked like
flesh that has just been cut, and the juice like the dark sap of a mountain
oak.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 132 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Medea’s
Instructions to Jason</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the
morning, melt this charm, strip, and using it like oil, anoint you body.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will endow you with tremendous strength
and boundless confidence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will feel
yourself a match, not for mere men, but for the gods themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sprinkle you spear and shield and sword with it
as well; and neither the spear-points of the earthborn men nor the consuming
flames the savage bulls spew out will find you vulnerable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you will not be immune for long – only
for the day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, do not at any
moment flinch from the encounter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
here is something else that will stand you in good stead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have yoked the mighty bulls; you have
ploughed the stubborn fallow (with those great hands and all that strength it
will not take you long); you have sown the serpent’s teeth in the dark earth;
and now the giants are springing up along the furrows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Watch till you see a number of them rise from
the soil, then, before they see you, throw a great boulder in among them; and
they will fall on it like famished dogs and kill one another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is your moment; plunge into the fray
yourself.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 137<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jason’s Oath to Medea </b>“As she spoke,
tears of misery ran down her cheeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
Jason said: ‘Dear lady, you may spare the wandering Winds that task, and your
tell-tale bird as well, for you are talking nonsense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you come to us in Hellas you will be
honored and revered by both the women and the men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed they will treat you as a goddess,
because it was through you that their sons come home alive, or their brothers,
kinsmen, or beloved husbands were saved from hurt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there shall be a bridal bed for you,
which you and I will share.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nothing will
part us in our love till Death at his appointed hour removes us fro the light
of day.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 139<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">31. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Serpent’s
Teeth</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The teeth were those of the
Aonian serpent, the guardian of Are’s spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Which Cadmus killed in Ogygian Thebes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had come there in his search for Europa, and there he settled, under
the guidance of a heifer picked out for him by Apollo in an oracle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Athene, Lady of Trito, tore the teeth out of
the serpent’ jaws and divided them between Aeetes and Cadmus, the slayer of the
beast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cadmus sowed them in the Anoian
plain and founded an earthborn clan with all that had escaped the spear of Ares
when he did his harvesting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such were
the teeth that Aeetes let them take back to the ship. He gave them willingly as
he was satisfied the Jason, even if he yoked the bulls, would prove unable to finish
off the task.” p. 140 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Yoking of the
Bulls</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Jason, as soon as his men had
made the hawsers fast, leapt from the ship and entered the lists with spear and
shield.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also took with him a shining
bronze helmet full of sharp teeth, and his sword was slung from his
shoulder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But his body was bare, so that
he looked like Apollo of the golden sword as much as Ares god of war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glancing round the field, he saw the bronze
yoke for the bulls and beside it the plough of indurated steel,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>all in one piece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He went up to them, planted his heavy spear
in the ground by its butt an laid the helmet down, leaning it against the
spear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he went for war with his
shield alone to examine the countless tracks that the bulls had made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now, from somewhere in the bowels of the
earth, from the smoky stronghold where they slept, the pair of bulls appeared,
breathing flames of fire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Argonaut
were terrified at the sight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Jason
planting his feet apart stood to receive them, as a reef in the sea confronts
the tossing billows in a gale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He held
his shield in front o him, and the two bulls, bellowing loudly, charged and
gutted it with their strong horns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
he was not shifted from his stance, not by so much as an inch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bulls snorted and spurted from their
mouths devouring flames, like a perforated crucible when the leather bellows of
the smith, sometimes ceasing, sometimes blowing hard, have made a blaze and the
fire leaps up from below with a terrific roar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The deadly heat assailed him on all sides with the force of
lightning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he was protected by Medea’s
magic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seizing the right-hand bull by
the tip of its horn, he dragged it with all his might towards the yoke, and then
brought it down on its knees with a sudden kick on its bronze foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other charged, and was felled in the same
way at a single blow; and a Jason, who had cast his shield aside, stood with
his feet apart, and though the flames at once enveloped him, held them both
down on their fore-knees where they fell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Aeetes marveled at the man’s strength.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Castor and Polydeuces picked up the yoke and gave it to Jason –they had
been detailed for the task and were close hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jason bound it tight on the bulls’ necks, lifted the bronze pole between
them and fastened it to the yoke by its pointed end, while the Twins backed out
of the heat and returned to the ship.” pp. 143-144<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">33. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slaughter of the
Earthborn Men</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ By now the earthborn
men were shooting up like corn in all parts of the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The deadly War-god’s sacred plot bristled
with stout shields, double-pointed spears, and glittering helmets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The splendor of it flashed through the air
above and struck Olympus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed this
army springing from the earth shone out like the full congregation of the stars
piercing the darkness of a murky night, when snow lies deep and the winds have
chased the wintry clouds away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Jason
did not forget the counsel he had had from Medea of the many wiles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He picked up from the field a huge round
boulder, a formidable quoit that Ares might have thrown, but four strong men
together could not have budged from its place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rushing forward with this in his hands he hurled it far away among the
earthborn men,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>then crouched behind his
shield, unseen and full of confidence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Colchians gave a mighty shout like the roar of the sea beating on
jagged rocks; and the king himself was astounded as he saw the great quoit
hurtle through the air.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the
earthborn men, like nimble hounds, leapt on one another and with loud yells
began to slay,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beneath each other’s
spears they fell on their mother earth, as pines or oaks are blown down by a
gale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An now, like a bright meteor that
leaps from the heaven and leaves a fiery trail behind it, portentous to all
those who see it flash across the night, the son of Aeson hurled himself on
them with his sword unsheathed and in promiscuous slaughter mowed them down,
striking as he could, for many of them had but half emerged and showed their
flanks and bellies only, some had their shoulders clear, some had just stood up,
and others were afoot already and rushing into battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So might some farmer threatened by a frontier
war snatch up a newly sharpened sickle and , lest the enemy should rep hi
fields before him, hasten to cut down the unripe corn, not waiting for the season
and the sun to ripen it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus Jason cut
his crop of earthborn men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blood filled
the furrows as water fills the conduits of a spring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And still the fell, some on their faces
biting the rough clods, come on their backs, and others on their hands and sides,
looing lice monsters from the sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many
were struck before they could lift up their feet, and rested there with the
death-dew on their brows, each trailing on the earth so much of him as had come
up into the light of day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They lay like
saplings in an orchard bowed to the ground when Zeus has sent torrential rain
and snapped them at the root, wasting the gardeners’ toil and bringing heat
break to the owner of the plot, the man who planted them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 145-146<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">34. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fate of a
Slave-girl</b> “. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>shedding many
tears she went, much as a newly captured girl, torn from her own land by the
fortune of war, makes off from some rich house before she is inured to work and
schooled in the miseries of servitude under the cruel eye of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a mistress.” p. 148<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Prophesy of the
Moon </b>“Rising from the distant east, the Lady Moon, Titanian goddess, was
the girl wandering distraught, and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in
wicked glee said to herself: ‘ So I am not the only one to go astray for love,
I that burn for beautiful Engymion and seek I in the Latmian cave,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How many times, when I was bent on love, have
you disgorged me with your incantations, making the night moonless so that you
might practice your beloved witchcraft undisturbed!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now you are as lovesick as me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The little god of mischief has given you
Jason, and many a heartache with him. Well, go your way; but clever as you are,
steel yourself now to face a life of sighs and misery.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.147<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">36. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jason’s Oath</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Then, to comfort her, he [Jason] said: “Dear
Lady, I swear,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and may Olympian Zeus and
his Consort Here, goddess of wedlock, be my witness, that when we are back in
Hellas I will take you into my home as my own wedded wife.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And with that he took her right hand in his
own.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 149 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">37. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Medea’s Spell on
the Snake</b> “But the giant snake, enchanted by her song, was soon relaxing
the whole length of his serrated spine and smoothing out his multitudinous
undulations, like a dark and silent swell rolling across a sluggish sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet his grim head still hovered over them and
the cruel jaws threatened to snap them up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Medea, chanting a spell, dipped a fresh sprig of juniper in her brew
and sprinkled his eyes wither most potent drug; and as the all-pervading magic
scent spread round his head, sleep felon him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 151<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">38. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Fleece
Described</b> “The young men marveled when the saw the mighty fleece, dazzling
as the lightning of Zeus, and they all leapt up in their eagerness to touch it
and hold it in their hands.” pp. 151-152<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">39. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jason Cuts the
Hawsers</b> “. . . and Jason drawing his sword cut through the hawsers at the
stern.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 152<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Temple Secrets</b>
“Medea had told them to land there and propitiate Hecate with a sacrifice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But with what ritual she prepared the
offering, no one must hear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor must I
let myself be tempted to describe it; my lips are sealed by awe.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 153 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">41. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Look Back on
History</b> “Think of a time when the wheeling constellations did not yet
exist; when on would have looked in vain for the sacred Danaan race, finding
only the Apidanean Arcadians, who are said to have lived before the moon itself
was there, feeding on acorns in the hills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>These were the days before the noble scions of Dencalion ruled the
Pelasgian land, when Egypt, mother of an earlier race, was known as the
corn-rich country of the Dawn, and the Nile that waters all its length was
called the Triton, a generous river flowing through a rainless land, yet by its
floods producing crops in plenty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now we
are told that from this country a certain king set out, supported by a loyal
force, and made his way through the whole of Europe and Asia, founding many
cities as he went.” p. 154 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">42. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Medea Reminds
Jason of His Oath</b> “Where are the honied promises that I believed in when I defied
convention and my own conscience, abandoning my country, the glories of my
home, even my parents, everything I valued most?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And now I am carried off, far away across the
sea, with only the wistful halcyons for company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All this because I saw you through your
troubles, saw that you won your battle with the bulls and giants and came out
alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then the fleece, for which
you crossed the sea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You got it through
my own folly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have disgraced my sex .
. . I hope that Here, Queen of Heaven, whose favorite you claim to be, will
never let you have it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope that you
will think of me some day when you yourself are suffering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope the fleece will vanish like an idle
dream, down into Erebus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And my avenging
Furies chase you from your home and so repay me for all I have endured through
you inhumanity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You have broken a most
solemn oath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not in reason that my
curses should miscarry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘You are
inflexible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But wait a while.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You and your friends think that this covenant
has solved your problems, and I am nothing in your eyes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You will learn better soon.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She boiled with rage,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She longed to set the ship on fire, to break
it up and hurl herself into the flames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But Jason calmed her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had
frightened him.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 157 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">43.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lying, Love, and Killing One’s Brother</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Such was the lure; and she reinforced her
words with magic, scattering to the four winds spells of such potency as would
have drawn wild creatures far away to come down from their mountain fastnesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unconscionable Love, bane and tormentor of
mankind, parent of strife, fountain of tears, source of a thousand ills, rise,
mighty Power, and fall on the sons of our enemies with all the force you used
upon Medea when you filled her with insensate fury. For Apsyrtus did obey her
call and she destroyed him foully.” p. 159<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">44. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sacrifice of the
Prince</b> “Jason marked him down and struck him, as a butcher fells a mighty
strong-horned bull.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The deed was done at
the temple of Artemis, which Brygi from the mainland coast had built.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apsyrtus sank to his knees in the porch and
in his death throes cupped his hands over the wound to stanch the dark
blood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even so, as Medea shrank aside,
he painted red her silvery veil and dress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With eyes askance the unforgiving and indomitable Fury took quick note
of the heinous deed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Jason, after
lopping off the dead man’s extremities, licked up some blood three times and
three times spat the pollution out, as killers do in the attempt to expiate a
treacherous murder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The he hid the cold
corpse in the earth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the bones still
lie, among a people who have kept Aqsyrtus’s name alive.” p. 160<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">45. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Castor and
Polydeuces</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ . . . owing their
safety on this occasion to Castor and Polydeuces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which is why these sons of Zeus have eve
since been honored with altars and sacred rites, though this was not the only
voyage where they played the part of saviors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Zeus put the ships of generations then unborn in the keeping of the
Twins.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">46. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Evolution </b>“A
number of creatures whose ill-assorted limbs declared them to be neither man
nor beast had gathered round her like a great flock of sheep following their
shepherd fro the fold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nondescript
monsters such as these, fitted with miscellaneous limbs, were once produced
spontaneously by Earth out of the primeval mud, when she had not yet solidified
under a rainless sky and was deriving no moisture from the blazing sun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But Time, combining this with that, brought
the animal creation into order.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 165<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">47. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Thetis</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Now you will not have forgotten that I[Here]
brought you up myself and loved you ore than any other Lady of the Sea because
you rejected the amorous advances of my consort Zeus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He, of course, has made a habit of such
practices and sleeps with goddess and girls alike.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But you were frightened and out of your
regard for me you would to let hi have his will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In return for which he took a solemn oath
that you should never be the bride of an immortal god. Yet in spite of your
refusal he did not cease to keep his eye on you, till the day when the venerable
Themis made him understand that you were destined to bear a son who would be
greater than his father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then he heard
this, Zeus gave you up though he still desired you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wished to keep his power for eve and was
terrified at the thought that he might meet his match and be supplanted as the
King of Heaven. Then, in the hope of making you a happy bride and mother, I
chose Peleus, the noblest man alive to be your husband; I invited all the gods
and goddesses to the wedding-feast; and I carried the bridal torch myself, in
return for the good will and deference you had shown me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And there is something else that I must tell
you, a prophecy concerning your son Achilles, who is now with Cheiron the
Centaur and is fed by water-nymphs though he should be at your breast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When he comes to the Elysian Fields, it has
been arranged that he shall marry Medea the daughter of Aeetes; so you, as her
future mother-n-law, should be ready to help her now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Help Peleus too.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why are you still so angry with him?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was very foolish; but even the gods are
sometimes visited by Ate.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 168-169<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">48. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cronos and Uranus</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the Ceraunian Sea, fronting the Ionian
Straits, there is a rich and spacious island under the soil of which is said to
lie (bear with me Muses; it gives me little pleasure to recall the old tale)
the sickle used by Cronos to castrate his father Uranus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others al lit the reaping-hook of Demeter of
the underworld, who lived there once and taught the Titans to reap corn for
food, in her affection for Macris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
this reaping-hook the island takes its name the Drepane, the sacred Nurse of
the Phaeacians, who by the same token trace their origin to Uranus.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">49. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the Kings
Justice</b> “My lord, do not let the Colchians take her back to her
father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was out of her mind when she
gave that man the magic charm for the bulls.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then, as w sinners often do, she tried to cover one fault with another
by running away from her domineering father and his wrath.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I hear that Jason has given her his
solemn oath that he will take her into his home as his wedded wife. [King
Alcinous wife Arete speaking] . . . Fathers are much too jealous where their
daughters are concerned . . . Why, only recently and not so far from us, , the
brutal Echetus drove brazen spikes into his daughter’s eyes, and now the
miserable girl is wasting away in a gloomy cell, grinding grains of
bronze.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alcinous was touched by his
wife’s prayers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Arete,’ he said; I
could certainly repel the Colchians by force of arms, siding with the young
lords for Medea’s sake.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I should
think twice before defying a just sentence from Zeus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor would it be wise to make little of
Aeetes, as you would have me do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
is no greater king; and far away as he is, he could bring war to Hellas if he
wished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No; it is my duty to give a
decision that the whole world will acknowledge as the best.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will tell you what I mean to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Medea is still a virgin, I shall direct
them to take her back to her father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
she is a married woman, I will not separate her from her husband.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nor will give a child of hers to the enemy if
she has conceived.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
he [Orpheus] sang of the wedding, all the nymphs joined in the lovely marriage
song; and then again, as they circled in the dance they sang alone, tendering
their thanks to Here, who had put it in Arete’s mind to reveal the wise
decision of the king . . . From the moment when he delivered judgment and it was
know that the air were now man and wife, Alcinous remained inflexible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was shaken by no deadly fears, no dread of
Aeetes’ enmity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had taken oaths that
were not to be broken and he would not beak them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So when the Colchians perceived that their
protestations were in vain and were told that if they did not accept his ruling
he would close his harbors to their ships, they recalled their own king’s
threats and besought Alcinous to receive the as friends.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.176-180<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">50. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Blown to Africa</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ . . . they had just sighted the land of
Pelops when they were caught by a northerly gale which swept them south for
nine days and nights over the Libyan Sea and drove them deep into Syrtis.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 180<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">51. “Many heads are wiser than one.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 183<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> </span></o:p></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-4606784837384256522014-12-03T07:19:00.003-07:002014-12-22T16:42:28.910-07:00The Black Book of Communism<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Black Book of Communism by Stephane Courtois with: Werth, Panne, Paczkowski, Bartosek, and Margolin</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">I bought <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Black
Book of Communism in 1999</i> and read from it, on and off, for over a
decade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I often find myself confronting Communist
apologists –even supporters, and have long felt the need to have more
information with which to combat their claims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Last Spring, I dragged the book of the shelf – determined to read it cover
to cover.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of November, 2014,
I have pulled it off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As in with so many
other important works – reading should be required – but I know it will not
happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will therefore attempt a condensation
of key points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following quotes are
among the most powerful and I hope that reading them will give anyone, who
takes the time, a glimpse at the truth about this great evil. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have long maintained that the Nazis would
have killed more people than the Communists but they were stopped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Communists got nearly a century in which
to kill, and have murdered more than any other malignant force in history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the way – they are still up to it in the
three miserable little slave states that they still control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The book contains a forward, introduction, and conclusion,
and is divided into five major sections containing 27 chapters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will present them section by section – chapter
by chapter. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Foreword: The Uses of Atrocity</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. Communism has been the great story of the twentieth
century. . . For seven decades it haunted world politics, polarizing opinion
between those who saw it as the socialist end of history [Marx claimed that
human social evolution would produce a world directed by Communism.] and those
who considered it history’s most total tyranny.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. ix</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">2. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Black Book</i>
offers us the first attempt to determine, overall, the actual magnitude of what
occurred, by systematically detailing Leninism’s “crimes, terror, and repression
from Russia in 1917 to Afghanistan in 1989. . . a grand total of victims
variously estimated by contributors to the volume at between 85 million and 100
million. . . the Communist record offers the most colossal case of political
carnage in history.” p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">3. “. . . the unavoidable comparison of this sum with that
for Nazism, which at an estimated 25 million turns out to be distinctly less
murderous than Communism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. xi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">4. “. . . everywhere the aim was to repress “enemies of the
people” – “like noxious insects,” as Lenin said early on, thus inauguration
Communisms “animalization” of its adversaries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Moreover, the line of inheritance from Stalin, to Mao, to Ho, to Kim Il
Sung, to Pol Pot was quite clear, with each new leader receiving both material
aid and ideological inspiration from his predecessor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And, to come full circle, Pol Pot first
learned his Marxism in Paris in 1952 (when such philosophers as Jean-Paul
Sartre and Maurice Merleau-Ponty were explaining how terror could be the
midwife of “humanism”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. xv</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">5. “. . . extermination practiced to achieve a political
objective, no matter how perverse, and extermination as an end in itself . . .
both systems<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Nazis and Communism]
massacred their victims not for what they did (such as resisting the regime)
but for who they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">were, </i>whether Jews
or kulaks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this perspective, the
distinction made by some, that the term petit-bourgeois “kulak” is more elastic
and hence less lethal than biological “Jew,” is invalidated: the social and the
racial categories are equally pseudoscientific.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. xv-xvi</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . the book
quietly advances a number of important analytical points.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first is that Communist regimes did not
just commit criminal acts (all states do so on occasion); they were criminal
enterprises in their very essence: on principle, so to speak, they all ruled
lawlessly, by violence, and without regard for human life.“<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. xvii</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">7. By way of comparison, he [author Nicolas Werth] notes
that between 1825 and 1917 tsarism carried out 6,321 political executions (most
of them during the revolution of 1905-1907), whereas in two month of official
“Red Terror” in the fall of 1918Bolshevism achieved some 15,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And so on for a third of a century; for
example, 6 million deaths during the collectivization famine of 1932-33,
720,000 executions during the Great Purge, 7 million people entering the
Gulag<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>where hug numbers died) in the
years 1934 – 1941, and 2,750,000 still there at Stalin’s death.“<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. xviii</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">8. “. . . in Margolin’s chapter on China’s “Long March into
Night” are even more staggering: at a minimum, 10 million “direct victims”;
probably 20 million deaths out of the multitudes that passed through China’s
“hidden Gulag,” and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">laogai</i>; more than
20 million deaths from the “political famine” of the Great Leap Forward of
1959-1961, the largest famine in history.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. xviii</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">9. “Finally, in Pol Pot’s aping of Mao’s Great Leap, around
one Cambodian in seven perished, the highest proportion of the population in
any Communist country.” p. xviii</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">10. “. . . whether . . . Russia . . . China . . . Cambodia .
. . mass violence against the population was a deliberate policy of the new
revolutionary order; and its scope and inhumanity far exceeded anything in the
national past.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. xviii</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">11. “A final point, insisted on by Courois yet clear also in
his colleagues’ [the authors of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Black
Book</i>] accounts, is that Communism’s recourse to “permanent civil war”
rested on the “scientific” Marxist belief in class struggle as the “violent
midwife of history,” in Marx’s famous metaphor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similarly, Courtois adds, Nazi violence was founded on a scientistic
social Darwinism promising national regeneration through racial struggle.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p xix</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Introduction: The Crimes of Communism</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">12. “Communism has its place in the historical setting
overflowing with tragedies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed, it
occupies one of the most violent and most significant places of all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Communism, the defining characteristic of the
“short twentieth century” that began in Sarajevo in 1914 and ended in Moscow in
1991, finds itself at center stage in the story.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Communism predated fascism and Nazism,
outlived both and left its mark on four continents.” p. 2</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">13. “Nonetheless, as Ignazio Silone has written
“Revolutions, like trees, are recognized by the fruit they bear.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 2</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">14. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Against Natural
Law</b> “The crimes we shall expose are to be judged not by the standards of
Communist regimes, but by the unwritten code of the natural laws of humanity.”
p. 3</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">15. “Never the less, many archives and witnesses prove
conclusively that terror has always been one of the basic ingredients of modern
Communism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let us abandon once and for
all the idea that the execution of hostages by firing squads, the slaughter of
rebellious workers, and the forced starvation of the peasantry were only
short-term “accidents” peculiar to a specific country or era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our approach will encompass all geographic
areas and focus on crime as a defining characteristic of the Communist system
throughout its existence.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 3 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">16. “Communism has committed a multitude of crimes not only
against individual human being but also against world civilization and national
cultures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stalin demolished dozens of
churches in Moscow; Nicolae Ceausescu destroyed the historical heart of
Bucharest to give free rein to his megalomania; Pol Pot dismantled the Phnom Penh
cathedral stone by stone and allowed the jungle to take over the temples of
Angkor Wat; and during Mao’s Cultural Revolution, priceless treasures were
smashed or burned by the Red Guards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet
however terrible this destruction may ultimately prove for the nations in
question and from humanity as a whole, how does it compare with the mass murder
of human being – of men, women, and children?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 3-4</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">17. “The pattern includes execution by various means, such
as firing squads, hanging, drowning, battering, and in certain cases, gassing,
poisoning, or “car accidents”; destruction of the population by starvation,
through man-made famine, the withholding of food, or both; deportation, through
which death can occur in transit (either through physical exhaustion or through
confinement in an enclosed space), at one’s place of residence, or through forced
labor (exhaustion, illness, hunger, cold).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Periods described as times of “civil war” are more complex—it is not
always easy to distinguish between events caused by fighting between rulers and
rebels and event that can properly be described only as a massacre of the
civilian population.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 4 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">18. “The following rough approximation, based on unofficial
estimates, gives some sense of the scale and gravity of these crimes: U.S.S.R.:
m20 million deaths, China: 65 million deaths, Vietnam: 1 million deaths, North
Korea: 2 million deaths, Cambodia: 2 million deaths, Eastern Europe: 1 million
deaths, Latin America: 150,000 deaths, Africa: 1.7 million deaths, The
international Communist movement and Communist parties not in power; about
10,000 deaths.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The total approaches 100
million people killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 4 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">19. “. . . “crime against humanity”. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>as stated in Article 6c: [Nuremberg Tribunal]
“Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, and other inhumane acts
committed against any civilian population before or during the war; or
persecutions of political, racial, or religious grounds in execution of or in
connection with any crime within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, whether or
not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 6</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">20. “Thus in the name of an ideological belief system were
tens of millions of innocent victims systematically butchered, unless of course
it is a crime to be middle-class, of noble birth, a kulak, a Ukrainian, or even
a worker or member of the Communist Party.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 7 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">21. “It was Mikhail Tomsky the leader of the Soviet trade
unions, who in the 13 November 1927 issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trud </i>(Labor) stated: “We allow other parties to exist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the fundamental principle that
distinguishes us from the West is as follows: one party rules, and all others
are in jail!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 7</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">22. “. . . one particular feature of many Communist
regimes—their systematic use of famine as a weapon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The regime aimed to control the total
available food supply and, with immense ingenuity, to distribute food purely on
the basis of “merits” and “demerits” earned by individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This policy was a recipe for creating famine
on a massive scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember that in the
period after 1918, only Communist countries experienced such famines, which led
to the deaths of hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And againinthe1980’s, two African countries
that claimed to be Marxist-Leninist, Ethiopia and Mozambique, were the only
such countries to suffer these deadly famines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 9</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. A preliminary global accounting of the crimes committed
by Communist regimes shows the following:</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The execution of tens of thousands of hostages and
prisoners without trial, and the murder of hundreds of thousands of rebellious
workers and peasants from 1918 to 1922 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The famine of 1922, which caused the deaths of 5 million
people [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The extermination of the Don Cossacks in 1920 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The murder of tens of thousands in concentration camps
from 1918 to 1930 [USSR] </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The liquidation of almost 690,000 people in the Great
Purge of 1937-1938 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The deportation of 2 million kulaks (and so-called kulaks)
in 1930-1932 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The destruction of 4 million Ukrainians and 2 million
others by means of an artificial and systematically perpetuated famine in
1932-33 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The deportation of hundreds of thousands of Poles,
Ukrainians, Balts, Moldovans, and Bessarabians from 1939 to 1941, and again in
1944-45 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The deportation of the Volga Germans in1941 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The wholesale deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1943
[USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The wholesale deportation of the Chechens in1944 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The wholesale deportation of the Ingush in1944 [USSR]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The deportation and extermination the urban population in
Cambodia from 1975 to 1978</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">* The slow destruction of the Tibetans by the Chinese since
1950</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">No list of the crimes committed in the name of Leninism and
Stalinism would be complete without mentioning the virtually identical crimes
committed by the regimes of Mao Zedong, Kim Il Sung, and Pol Pot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 9-10</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">24. “. . . Communist society strips the individual of his
responsibilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is always “somebody
else” who makes the decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember,
individual responsibility can fell like a crushing burden . . . The attraction
of a totalitarian system, which has had a powerful allure for many has its
roots in a fear of freedom and responsibility.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This explains the popularity of authoritarian regime (which is Erick
Fromm’s thesis in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Escape from Freedom</i>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>None of this is new; Boethius had the right
idea long ago when he spoke of “voluntary servitude.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tzvetan Todorov pp. 12-13 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">25. “However, the tsarist regime of terror against which the
Bolsheviks fought pales in comparison with the horrors committed by the
Bolsheviks when they took power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 13 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">26. “. . . the intransigent facts demonstrate that Communist
regimes have victimized approximately 100 million people in contrast to the
approximately 25 million victims of the Nazis.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 15</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. This genocidal impulse, which aims at “the total or
partial destruction of the national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, or a
group that has been determined on the basis of any other arbitrary criterion,”
was applied by Communist rulers against groups branded as enemies and to entire
segments of society, and was pursued to its maximum by Pol Pot and his Khmer
Rouge.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 16 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">28. “writers kept writing . . . Stalin himself, too: the
kulaks are parasites; they are burning grain; they are killing children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it was openly proclaimed ‘that the rage
and wrath of the masses must be inflamed against them, they must be destroyed
as a class, because they are accursed.’” He [Grossman – one of the authors of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Black Book</i>] adds: “To massacre them,
it was necessary to proclaim that kulaks are not human beings, just as the
Germans proclaimed that Hews are not human being.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus did Lenin and Stalin say: kulaks are not
human beings.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In conclusion, Grossman
says of the children of the kulaks: “That is exactly how the Nazis put the
Jewish children into the Nazi gas chambers: ‘You are not allowed to liv, you
are all Jews!’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 16 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">29. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Questions on the
awkward silence on <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Communist crimes:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“. . . the revelations concerning Communist
crimes cause barely a stir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is there
such an awkward silence from politicians?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Why such a deafening silence form the academic world regarding the
Communist catastrophe, which touched the lives of about one-third of humanity
on four continents during a period spanning eighty years?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why is there such widespread reluctance to
make such a crucial factor as crime—mass crime, systematic crime, and crime
against humanity—a central factor in the analysis of Communism?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is this really something that is beyond human
understanding?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or are we talking about a
refusal to scrutinize the subject too closely for fear of learning the truth
about it?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 17-18</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">30. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Answers to the
questions on the awkward silence on Communism: </b>“1) First, there is the
dictators’ understandable urge to erase their crimes and to justify the actions
they cannot hide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2) . . . the tyrants
systematically attacked all who dared to expose their crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3) . . . they did their best to justify these
atrocities by glossing them over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4). .
. Like common prostitutes, intellectuals found themselves inveigled into
counterpropaganda operations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5)
Confronted with this onslaught of Communist propaganda, the West has long
labored under an extraordinary self-deception, simultaneously fueled by naiveté
in the face of a particularly devious system, by the fear of Soviet power, and
by the cynicism of politicians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6) . . .
the fascination with the whole notion of revolution itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7) . . . the participation of the Soviet
Union in the victory over Nazism. . . 8) . . . Communists soon grasped the
benefits involved in immortalizing the Holocaust as a way of rekindling
antifascism on a more systematic basis.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 18-23p. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">31. “AS early as 1931, Pius XI had proclaimed n the
encyclical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Quadragesimo anno</i>:
“Communism teaches and seeks to objective: unrelenting class warfare and the
complete eradication of private ownership.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 29</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A State against Its People: Violence,
Repression, and Terror in the Soviet Union, Nicolas Werth</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 1 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paradoxes and Misunderstandings Surrounding
the October Revolution</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">32. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On the October
Revolution: </b>“For these historians. October was the result of a clever conspiracy
dreamed up by a handful of resourceful and cynical fanatics who had no real
support anywhere else in the country . . . or . . . an accident that changed
the course of history, diverting a prosperous, hardworking prerevolutionary
Russia, well on its way to democracy, form its natural course. . . or. . .
Alternatively, Soviet historiography has attempted to demonstrate that the
events of October 1917 were the logical, foreseeable, and inevitable
culmination of a process of liberation undertaken by the masses, who
consciously rallied to Bolshevism. . . . but . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the passage of time, and as a result of
recent stimulation and lively debate among historians, the October Revolution
of 1917 now appears as the momentary convergence of two movements: on the one
hand the carefully organized seizure of power by a party that differed
radically in its practices, its ideology, and its organization form all other
participants in the revolutionary process; and on the other a vast social
revolution, which took many forms.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
39 – 41 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">33. In his famous <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">April
Thesis</i> he [Lenin] reiterated his implacable hostility to both a
parliamentary republic and the democratic process. . . Believing only in direct
action and in force, they [Lenin’s new recruits] supported a strand of
Bolshevism in which theoretical debates increasingly gave way to the far more
pressing issue of the seizure of power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 49 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">34. “ ‘By making immediate offers of peace and giving land
to the peasants, the Bolsheviks will establish a power base that no one will
overturn,’ je [Lenin] wrote.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘There is
no point in waiting for a formal majority for the Bolsheviks; revolutions do
not wait for such things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History will
never forgive us if we do not seize power immediately.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 50</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">35. “On 16 October, despite opposition for the moderate
socialists, Trotsky therefore set up the Petrograd Revolutionary Military
Committee (PRMC), a military organization theoretically under the control of
the Petrograd Soviet but in fact run by the Bolsheviks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its task was to organize the seizure of power
through an armed insurrection—and thus to prevent a popular anarchist uprising
that might have eclipsed the Bolshevik Party.” p. 51</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">36. “Overwhelmed, the Bolsheviks soon put their own economic
needs before the rights of these nations [states controlled by the old Tsarist
Empire], since Ukrainian wheat, the petroleum and minerals of eh Caucasus, and
all the other vital economic interests of the new state were perceived to be
irreplaceable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In terms of the control
it exercised over its territories, the new regime proved itself to be a more
worth inheritor of the empire than even the provisional government had
been.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 52</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 2 – The Iron Fist of the
Dictatorship of the Proletariat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">37. “In the space of a few days the PRMC (Petrograd
Revolutionary Military Committee) had introduced two new notions that were to
have lasting consequences: the idea of the “enemy of the people” and the idea
of the “suspect.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 55 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">38. “Do not imagine, comrades, that I [Dzerzhinsky Head of
the PRMC ] am simply looking for are revolutionary for of Justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have no concern about justice at this
hour!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are at war, on the front where
the enemy is advancing, and the fight is to the death.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 58 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">39. “In Taganrog units from Sivers’ [Red army General Rudolf
Sivers] had thrown fifty Junkers and “White” officers, their hands and feet
bound, into a blast furnace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Evpatria
several hundred officers and “bourgeois” were tied up tortured, and thrown into
the sea . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The extremely precise
files of the Denikin commission record “corpses with the hands cut off, broken
bones, heads ripped off, broken jaws, and genitals removed . . . These
massacres, which targeted not only enemy combatants but also civilian “enemies
of the people” (for instance, among the 240 people killed in Yalta at the
beginning of March 1918, there were some 70 politicians, lawyers, journalists,
and teachers, as well as 165 officers), were often carried out by “armed
detachments.’ . . . ‘Red Guards, ‘and other, unspecified ‘Bolshevik elements.’”
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 60-61 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">40. “What is the point of a ‘People’s Commissariat for
Justice’?” Steinberg [Isaac Steinberg – the people’s commissar of justice]
asked Lenin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It would be more honest to
have a People’s Commissariat for Social Extermination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People would understand more clearly.” </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">“Excellent idea,” Lenin countered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“That’s exactly how I see it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, it wouldn’t do to call it
that!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 62 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">41. “. . . the Constituent Assembly, which had been elected
in November-December 1917 and in which the Bolsheviks were a minority (they had
only 175 deputies out of 707 seats), was broken up by force, having met for a
single day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This arbitrary act seemed to
provoke no particular reaction anywhere in the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A small demonstration against the dissolution
of the assembly was broken up by troops, causing some twenty deaths, a high
price to pay for a democratic parliamentary experiment that lasted only a few
hours.” pp. 62 -63 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">64. “All enemy agents, speculators, hooligans,
counterrevolutionary agitators, and German spies will be hot on sight.” p. 64 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">65. “Trotsky himself added: ‘Our only choice now is civil
war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Civil war is the struggle for bread
. . . Long live civil war!’” p. 65</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">66. The political effects of the hardening of the
dictatorship in the spring of 1918 included the complete shutdown of all
non-Bolshevik newspapers, the forcible dissolution of all non-Bolshevik
soviets, and the arrest of opposition leaders, and the brutal repression of
many strikes.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 67</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">67. “Put big posters up all over the town saying that the
Cheka will execute on the spot any bandit, thief, speculator, or
counterrevolutionary found to be conspiring against the soviet. . . nothing is
more effective than a bullet in the head to shut people up.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 68 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 3 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Red Terror </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">68. “. . . the Bolshevik leaders experimented in August 1918
with a tool of oppression that had made its first appearance in Russian during
the war: the concentration camp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 9
August Lenin sent a telegram to the Executive Committee of the province of
Penza instructing them to intern “kulaks, priests, White Guards, and other
doubtful elements in a concentration camp.” p. 73</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">69. “One must not oly destroy the active forces of the
enemy, but also demonstrate that anyone who raises a hand in protest against
class war will die by the sword . . . In a civil war, there should be no courts
for the enemy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a fight to the
death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you don’t kill, you will
die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So kill, if you don’t want to be
killed!” (Martin Latsis, Izvestiya 23 Aug 1918) p. 74</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">70. “The truth was that the Red Terror was the natural
outlet for the almost abstract hatred that most of eh Bolshevik leaders felt
toward their “oppressors,” whom the wished to liquidate not on an individual
basis, but as a class.” p.75 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">71. “In the space of a few weeks the Cheka alone had
executed two to three times the total number of people condemned to death by
the tsarist regime over ninety two years.” p. 79 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch 4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Dirty War</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">72. “In theory citizens were divided into five categories of
“stomach,” from the workers in heavy industry and Red Army soldiers to the
“sedentary” –a particularly harsh classification that included any
intellectual—and were given rations accordingly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because the “sedentary” –the intellectuals
and aristocrats—were served last, they often received nothing at all, since
often there was nothing left.” p. 89 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">73. “Trotsky on 1 February 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘If it must be so, then let thousands die as
a result, but the country must be saved.” P.89 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74. “By the end of 1920 the ruble had lost 96 percent of its
previous vlalue relative to the prewar gold-standard ruble.” p. 92 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">74. “Not only were thousands of deserters shot, but the
families of deserters were often treated as hostages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the summer of 1918 the hostage
principle was applied in more and more ordinary situations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, a government decree of 15
February 1919 signed by Lenin encouraged local Chekas ‘to take hostages fro
among the peasants in regions were the railway lines had not yet been cleared
of snow to a satisfactory standard.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
if the lines aren’t swept properly, the hostages are to be shot.’”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 92 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">75. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Peasant Revolt</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">– the Greens:</b> “Yaroslavl Province, 23
June 1919.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The uprising of the deserters
in the Petropavloskay <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">volostv </i>has
been put down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The families of the
deserters have been taken as hostages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>When we stated to shoot one person fro each fail, the Greens began to
come out of the woods and surrender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thirty-four deserters were shot as an example . . . Moreover, it was
made clear in the tracts of both the civil and the military authorities that
“if the inhabitants of a village help the bandits in the forests in any way
whatever, the whole village will be burned down . . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the more general Checka reports give a
clearer idea of the scale of this war in the countryside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the period 15 October – 30 November 1918,
in twelve provinces of Russia alone, there were 44 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bunt</i> riots, in which 2,320 people were arrested, 620 were killed in
the fighting, and 982 subsequently executed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>During these disorders 480 Soviet functionaries were killed, as were112 men
from the food detachments, the Red Army, and the Checka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In September 1919, for the ten Russian
provinces fro which reports are available, 48,735 deserters and 7,325 “bandits”
were arrested, 1,826 were killed, 2,230 were executed. And there were 430 victims
among the functionaries and the Soviet military.” p.94</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">76. “It was in the rich provinces of Samara ad Simbirsk,
which in 1919 were required to provide more than one-fifth of the grain
requisitions for the whole of Russia, that spontaneous peasant riots were
transformed for the first time in March 199 into a genuine insurrection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dozens of town were taken by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the insurrectionist peasant army, which by
then numbered more than 30,000 armed soldiers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Bolshevik central powers lost all control of Samara for more than a
month . . . the Bolsheviks were forced to send tens of thousands of men to deal
with this extremely well-organized peasant army with a clear political program
calling for fee trade, free elections to the soviets, and an end to requisitioning
and the “Bolshevik commissarocracy (sp.).” Summing up the situation in April
1919, after the end of the uprising, the head of the Cheka in Samara noted that
4,240 of the rebels had been killed in the fighting, 625 had been subsequently
shot, and 6, 210 deserters and “bandits” had been arrested.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 95</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">77. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Isaac Babel’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Red Cavalry</i> </b>“The retreat and the
subsequent re-conquest of Ukraine at the end of 1919 and the beginning of 1920
were the setting for scenes of extraordinary violence against the civilian
population, as recounted in Isaac Babel’s masterpiece <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Red Cavalry</i>.” </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">78. “The peasant army known as “The Black Eagle” counted
more than 50,000 soldiers at its height.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Armed with cannons and heavy machine guns, the Troops for the Internal Defense
of the Republic overwhelmed the rebels, who were armed with only pitchforks and
axes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a few days thousand of rebels
were massacred and hundreds of villages burned.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 97</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">79.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On average, they
[peasants]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>were left 1 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pud</i> (55 pounds) of potatoes per person
each year—approximately on-tenth of the minimum requirements for life . .
.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was to continue for two years,
until the reels were finally defeated by hunger.” p. 97</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">80. “For the first time, on the principle of collective
responsibility, a new regime took a series of measures specially designed to
eliminate, exterminate, and deport the population of a whole territory . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
these measures were part of the pre-established de-Cossackization plan approved
in a secret resolution of the Bolshevik Party’s enteral committee on 24 January
1919:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘In view of the experiences of the
civil war against the Cossacks, we must recognize as the only <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">politically correct</b> measure massive
terror and a merciless fight against the rich Cossacks, who must be exterminated
and physically disposed of, down to the last man.’ (Bolshevik Party’s Central
Committee on 24 January 1919) . . . ‘what was carried out instead<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[of imposing Bolshevik rule]</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">81. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kill, kill, kill</b>
“A the retaking of Crimea by the Bolsheviks, the last confrontation between the
Red and White force, was the occasion of one of the largest massacres I the
civil war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least 50,000 civilians
were killed by the Bolsheviks in November and December 1920 . . . In October of
alone these <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">troika</i> [special commissions
in charge of de-Cossacization] more than 6,0000 people to death, all of whom
were executed immediately . . . death camps: ‘Gathered together in a camp near
Maikop, the hostages, women and children, and old men survived in the most
appalling conditions, in the cold and the mud of October . . . They are dying
like lies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The women will do anything to
escape death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Soldiers guarding the
camp take advantage of this and treat them as prostitutes.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 100</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">82. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kill, kill, kill </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Cossack regions of the Don and the Kuban
paid a heavy price for their opposition to the Bolsheviks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the most reliable estimates,
between 300,000 and 500,000 people were killed or deported in 1919 and 1920 out
of a population of no more than 3 million . . . Blood? Let blood flow like
water! [from the Kyiv Cheka newspaper 1918] Let blood stain forever the black
pirate’s flag flown by the bourgeoisie, and let our flag be blood-red
forever!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For only through the death of
the old world can ewe liberate ourselves forever from the return of those
jackals!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 102</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">83. “ . . . the local Cheka leader to explain himself, he
answered, “We don’t have time to write the reports at the time,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What does it matter anyway, when we are
trying to wipe out the bourgeoisie and the kulaks as a class?” p. 103 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">84. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kill, kill, kill </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The logical culmination of the “extermination
of the bourgeoisie as a class,”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[hear
Marx] the execution of prisoners, suspects, and hostages imprisoned simply on
the basis of their belonging to the possessing classes,” In Kharkiv there were
between 2,000 and 3,000 executions in February-June 1919, and another 1,000 –
2,000 when the town was taken again in December . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in Rostov-on-Don, approximately 1,000 in
January 1920; in Odessa, 2,200 in May –August 1919, then 1,500 – 3,000 between
February 1920 and February 1921 . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in
Kuban, between 2,000 and 3,000 in August – October 1920 . . . In Kharkiv, in
the days leading up to the arrival of the Whites, on 8 and 9 June 1919,
hundreds of hostages were executed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
Kyiv more than 1,800 people were executed . . . at Ekanterinodar . . .
Atarbekov, head of the local Cheka, disposed of 1,600 bourgeois on 17-19 August
. . . in the Crimea . . . From mid-November to the end of December 1920, more
than 50,000 people we shot or hanged . . . the Revolutionary Committee of
Sevastopol published two lists of victims; the first contained 1,634 names, the
second 1,202 . . . Sevastopol, one of the towns that suffered most heavily
under the repressions as “the city of the hanged.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“From Nahimovsky, all one could see was the
hanging bodies of officers soldiers and civilians arrested in the streets. The
town was dead, . . . All the walls, shop fronts, and telegraph poles were
covered with posters calling for ‘Death to the traitors.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were hanging people for fun.” pp.
106-107</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From Tambov to the Great Famine</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">85.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NEP </b>“ . . . the Bolshevik leaders were
forced to retreat and take the only step that could momentarily calm the
massive, dangerous, and widespread discontent: they promised an end to
requisitioning which was to be replaced by taxes in kind . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Mach 1921, against this backdrop of
conflict between Society and the regime, the New Economic Policy (NEP) came
into being.” pp. 108-109</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">86. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kill, kill, kill </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ten days later Krostadt fell after thousands
of people had lost their lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several
hundred rebels who had been taken prisoner were shot over the net few
days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The records of the event, recently
published for the first time, show that from April to June 1921, 2,103 were
sentenced to death and 6,459 were sent to prison or to the camps . . . Just
before the falloff Krostadt nearly 8,000 people managed to escape across the
ice to Finland, where they were interned in transit camps . . . Deceived by the
promise of an amnesty, a number of them returned to Russia in 1922, where they
were immediately arrested and sent to camps on the Solovetski Islands and to
Kholmgory . . . According to one anarchist source, of the 5,0000 Kronstat
prisoners who wer sent to Kholmogory, fewer than 1,500 were still alive in the
spring of 1922 . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Kholmogory camp
on the great river Dvina, was sadly famous for the swift manner in which it
dispatched a great number of its prisoners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were often loaded onto barges stones were tied around their necks,
they arms and legs were tied, and they were thrown overboard into the rive.” p.
114</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">87. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Decline in
Industrial Production</b> “One of the main priorities of the regime in the
spring of 1921 was to revive industrial production, which had fallen to 10
percent of what it had been in 1913 . . . the Bolsheviks maintained and even
increased the militarization begun over the preceding years . . . in 1921 after
the adoption of the NEP in the great industrial and mining region of the
Donbass, . . . Georgy Pyatako, one of the main leaders who was close to
Trotsky, had been appointed head of the Central Directory of the Coal Industry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a year he increased coal production
fivefold by means of a policy of unremitting exploitation and
intimidation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pyatokov imposed
excruciating discipline on is 120,000 workers: any absenteeism was equated with
an act of sabotage and punished with expulsion to a camp or even a death
sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1921 18 miners were
executed for “persistent parasitism.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Work hours were increased, particularly on Sundays, and Pyatokov
effectively blackmailed the workers into increasing productivity by threatening
the confiscation of ration cards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
measures were taken at a time when the workers received between one-third and
one-half of the bread ration they needed to survive; often at the end of the
day they had to lead (sp.) [leave] boots to comrades who were taking over the
next shift.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The directory acknowledged
that absenteeism among the workforce was due in pat to epidemics “permanent
hunger,” and “a total absence of clothes, trousers, and shoes.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To reduce the number of mouths to feed when
the threat of famine was at its height, Pyatokov on 24 June 1921 ordered the
expulsion form the mining villages of everyone who did not work in the
mines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ration cards were confiscated
from family members of miners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rationing
was also calculated strictly in accordance with the production of individual
miners, thus introducing a rudimentary form of productivity-related pay.” p.
115</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">88.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Treatment of Workers</b> “The working
masses were nothing more than the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rabsila</i>—the
work force—which had to be exploited in the most effective manner possible.
p.116</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">89. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pacification of
the Peasants </b>“Antonov-Ovseenko, president of the Plemipotentiary Commission
of the Central Executive Committee established to constitute an occupying force
in the region, he took hostages on an enormous scale, carried out executions,
set up death camps where prisoners were gassed, and deported entire villages
suspected of assisting or collaborating with the so-called bandits . . . </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">[Order No. 171, 11 June 1921] 1. Shoot on sight any citizens
who refuse to give their names. 2. District and Regional Political Commissions
are hereby authorized to pronounce sentence on any village were arms are being
hidden, and to arrest hostages and shoot them if the whereabouts of the arms
are not revealed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3. Wherever arms are
found, execute immediately the eldest son in the family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4. Any family that has harbored a bandit is
to be arrested and deported form other province, their possessions are to be
seized and the eldest son is to be executed immediately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5. Anny families sheltering other families
who have harbored bandits are to be punished in the same manner and their
eldest son is to be shot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6. In the
event that bandit families have fled, their possessions are to be redistributed
among peasant who are loyal to the Soviet regime, and their houses are to be
burned or demolished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7. These orders
are to be carried out rigorously and without mercy.</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The day after the Order No. 171 was sent out Tukhachevsky
ordered all revels to be gassed . . . The forests where to be cleared by the use
of poison gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This must be carefully
calculated, so that the layer of gas penetrates the forests and kills everyone
hiding there.” pp. 116-117</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">90. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Concentration
Camps</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“By July 1921 the military
authorities and the Cheka had set up seven concentration camps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to information that even now is
incomplete, at least 50,000 people were interned in the camps for the most part
women, children, and the elderly, as well as hostages and members of the
families of deserters and members of the families of deserters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The condition in these camps were
intolerable: typhus and cholera were endemic, and the half-naked prisoners
lacked even basic requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A famine
began in the summer of 1921, and by the autumn the mortality rate had climbed
to 15-20 percent a month.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 118</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">91. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starvation as a
Weapon </b>“ . . . Kyiv, where the suicide rate has never been so high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peasants are killing themselves en masse
because they can neither pay their taxes nor rebel, since all their arms have
been confiscated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Famine has been
hanging over the regions for more than a year now, and the peasants are
extremely pessimistic about the future.” p. 119</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">92. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starvation as a
Weapon </b>“ . . . ‘Today,’ Vavilin [Commissariat of Food] explained, ‘there
are no more revolts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We see new phenomena
instead: crowds of thousands of starving people gather around the Executive
Committee or the Party headquarters od eh soviet to wait, for days and days,
for the miraculous appearance of the food they need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is impossible to chase this crowd away,
and every day more of them die.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
dropping like flies . . . I think there must be at least 900,000 starving
people in this province [Samara] . . . the People’s Commissariat of Food, fully
aware of the gravity of the situation, drew up lists of districts and provinces
judged to be starving or threatened by imminent famine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January 1921 one report claimed that among
the cause of the famine in Tambov was the “orgy” of requisitioning of 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was quite obvious to the common people, as
conversations reported by the political police made clear, that the ‘soviet
regime is trying to starve out all the peasants who dare resist it.‘“ pp. 120</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">93.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Linen’s attitude about famine </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“”Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov [Lenin] had the
courage to come out and say openly that famine [famine of 1891]would have
numerous positive results, particularly in the appearance of a new industrial
proletariat, which would take over from the bourgeoisie . . . Famine, he
explained, in destroying the outdated peasant economy, would bring about the
next stage more rapidly, and usher in socialism, the stage that necessarily
followed capitalism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Famine would also
destroy faith not only in the tsar, but in God too.’ . . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Lenin’s letter to the Politburo on 19 March
1922] ‘With the help of all those starving people who are starting to eat each
other, who are dying by the millions, and whose bodies litter the roadside all
over the country, it is now and only now that we can—and therefore we
must—confiscate all church property with all the ruthless energy we can still
muster. This is precisely the moment when the masses will support us most
fervently, and rise up against the reactionary machinations of the petit-bourgeois
and Black Hundred religious conspirators . . . “ pp. 123-125</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">94. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Murder of the
Clergy </b>“As the weekly report for the secret police indicate, the campaign
to confiscate church goods was at its height in March, April, and May 1922,
when it led to 1,414 incidents and the arrest of thousands of priests, nuns,
and monks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to church records,
2,691 priests, 1,962 monks, and 3,447 nuns we killed that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.126</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 6 From the Truce to the Great
Turning Point</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">95. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Two Penal
Systems </b>“In 1922 the government proposed that the GPU [Replaced the Cheka
on February 6, 1922.] set up a huge camp on five islands in the Solovetski
archipelago, in the White Sea near Arkhangelsk,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>. . . By the end of the year there were more than 4,000 prisoners, by
1927 there were 15,000 by the end of 1928 there were nearly 38,000” pp. 136-137</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">96. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Categories of
Prisoners </b>“Under the NEP the GUP administration recognized three categories
of prisoners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first included all
those involved in politics that is, people who were members of old Menshevik,
Socialist Revolutionary, or anarchist parties . . . The second group,
numerically by far the largest, contained all the counterrevolutionaries:
members of non-socialist or new anarchist political parties, member of the
clergy, veteran officers fro the tsarist armies, civil servants from the old
regime, Cossacks, participants in . . . revolt, and anyone else who had been
sentenced under Article 58 of the penal code . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third category grouped together all
common criminals . . . “ p. 137</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">97. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Soviet Wars of
Colonial Conquest</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“In the apparently
calm years of the NEP, for 1923 to 1927, the peripheral republics of
Russia—Transcaucasia and Central ?Asia—saw the bloodiest and most massive
repressions . . . It is still impossible even to guess at the number of victims
in this war . . . The second major sector of the GPU’s Oriental Department was
Transcaucasis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the first half of the
1920’s Dagestan, Georgia, and Chechnya were severely affected by the repressions
. . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It lasted for more than a year,
and some regions were “pacified” only by heavy bombing and huge massacres of
civilians, which persisted into 1924.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 138-139</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">98. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stalin’s War on
the Kulaks and Others</b> “The requisitioning and repressive measures merely
worsened the agricultural situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
the short term, the use of force had allowed the authorities to brain a harvest
approximately the same size as that from the preceding year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the long term, however, the consequences
were similar to those during War Communism: peasants reacted by sowing considerably
less the following year . . . “Saboteurs” were blamed for all economic
failures, and they became the excuse for using thousands of whit-collar workers
to build the new special offices of the GPU, known as the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sharashki</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thousands of
engineers and technicians who had been convicted of sabotage were punished by
being sent to construction sites and high-profile civil engineering projects .
. . Not only white-collar industrial workers were targeted in the vast
anti-specialist operations beginning 1928.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Numerous university professors and students of “socially unacceptable”
background were excluded from higher education . . .” pp. 142-143</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">99. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The First Five
Year Plan</b> “The drawing-up of the first Five Year Plan highlighted question
about the division of the labor force and the exploitation of the inhospitable
regions that were so rich in natural resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In that respect the penal workforce, heretofore an untapped source of
manpower, was considered a potentially extremely valuable asset—a major source
of revenue, influence, and power . . . Nonetheless, it took an entire year for
Stalin and his followers to persuade other Party leaders to accept the policies
of enforced collectivization, dekulakization, and accelerated
industrialization—the three key aspects of the coherent program for the brutal
transformation of the economy and society.” p. 144</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">100. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Collectivization
and the end of the NEP</b> “The stakes were set: the choice was to be made
between rural capitalism and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kolkhozy
</i>[collectivization] . . . On 31 October 1929 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pravda</i> called fo r”total collectivization.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A week later, on the twelfth anniversary of
the Revolution, Stalin published his famous article “The Great Turning Point,”
which was based on the fundamentally erroneous idea that “the average peasant
has welcomed the arrival of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kolkhoz.</i>”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The NEP was definitively over.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 145<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 7 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Forced Collectivization and Dekulakization </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">101. “Recent research in the newly accessible archives has
confirmed that the forced collectivization of the countryside was in effect a
war declared by the Soviet state on the nation of smallholders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than 2 million peasants were deported
(1.8 million in 1930-31 alone, 6 million died of hunger, and hundreds of
thousands died as a direct result of deportation . . . the violence used
against the peasants allowed the authorities to experiment with methods that
would later be used against other social groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In that respect it marked a decisive step in
the development of Stalinist terror . . . ON 27 December 1929 Stalin demanded
‘the eradication of all kulak tendencies and the elimination of the kulaks as a
class’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . The commission defined
three categories of kulaks: those engaged in “counterrevolutionary activates”
were to be arrested and transferred to GPU wok camps or executed if they put up
any sign of resistance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their families
were to be deported and all their property confiscated. Those in the third
category, classified as loyal to the regime, were to be officially transferred
to the peripheral regions of the districts I which they lived, “outside the collectivized
zones, on land requiring improvement.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. 146-147</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">102. “The repressions were horrifying.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of March 1930, “mopping-up
operations against counterrevolutionary elements” on the borders of western
Ukraine led to the arrest of more than 15,000 people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In about forty days from 1 February to 15
March, the Ukrainian GPU arrested 26,000 people, of whom 650 were immediately
executed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the GPU’s own
records, 20,200 people received death sentences that year through the courts
alone.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 150 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">103. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Deportation
Operations</b> “ In fact the number of people deported as kulaks was so
great—more than 700,000 people by the end of 1930, more than 1.8 million by the
end of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1931—the framework designed to
cope with the process could not possibly keep up. Few detailed records were
kept of the mortality rates for the convoys of 1939 and 1931, but the appalling
conditions, the cold, the lack of food, and the rapid spread of disease must
have cost a large number of lives . . . In all, 1,803,392 people were
officially deported as part of the dekulakization program in 1930 and 1931. One
might well wonder how many died of cold and hunger in the first few months of
their “new life . . . in a report sent to Stalin in May 1933 . . . more than
6,000 people deported from Moscow and Leningrad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although it concerns a later period and deals
with a different category of deportee—not peasants but “outdated elements”
thrown out of a new socialist town at the end of 1932—the document describes
the fairly common phenomenon of “abandonment in deportation . . . The transport
conditions were appalling: the little food that was available was inedible, and
the deportees wee cramped into nearly airtight spaces . . . The result was a
daily mortality rate of 34—40 people.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>151-154</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">104. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Starvation
Destination<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</b>The day after the arrival
[on Nazino Island] of the first convoy, on 19 May, snow began to fall again,
and the wind picked up.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Starving,
emaciated fro months of insufficient food, without shelter, and without tools .
. . they were trapped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These tiny
amounts of flour were the only food that the deportees received during the
entire period of the stay on the island.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The more resourceful among them tried to make some rudimentary sort of
pancakes, but they had nothing to mix or cook them in . . . It was not long
before the first cases of cannibalism occurred . . . At the end of June the
deportees began to be transported to the so-called village colonies . . . The
mortality rate was still appalling; for example, of the seventy-eight<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>people who embarked for the island to the
fifth colonial village, twelve were still alive when the boat arrived . .
.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is impossible to gage how many
similar cases of the abandonment of deportees there were, but some of the
official figures give an indication of the losses . . . One can thus estimate
that approximately 3000,000 deportees died during the process of deportation.”
pp. 154-155 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">105. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Slavery and Abuse
</b>“It was the goal of the GPU to provide . . . its own workforce<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . exploiting the various natural
resources in the northern and eastern regions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In reality the managers usually treated these workers, whose status was
comparable to that of prisoners, as a free source of labor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Workers in the colonies often received no
salary . . . among the most flagrant abuses cited in the reports were totally
unrealistic work targets, nonpayment of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>wages, beatings, and confinement in unheated prison cells in the dead of
winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Women prisoners were traded with
GPU officers in exchange for food or were sent as maid “for all service” to the
local chiefs . . . the following remark . . . was quoted in GUP reports of the
summer of 1933, and summed up very well the attitude of many such directors
toward their highly expendable human resources: ‘If we wanted to, we could
liquidate all of you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we were to do
so, the GPU would promptly send us another hundred thousand just like
you.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 157</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 8 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Great Famine</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">106. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Great Famine
“</b>The great famine of 1932-33 has always been recognized as one of the
darkest periods in Soviet history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to the irrefutable evidence that is now available, more than 6
million people died as a result of it.” p. 159</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">107. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Propaganda</b>
“The few voices abroad that attempted to draw attention to the tragedy were
silenced by Soviet propaganda . . . The Soviet authorities were assisted by
statements such as that made by Edouard Herriot, the French senator and leader
of the Radical Party, who traveled through Ukraine in 1933.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upon his return he told the world that
Ukraine was full of “admirable irrigated and cultivated fields and collective
farms” resulting in “magnificent harvests.”’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>. . . Such blindness was the result of a marvelous show put on for
foreign guests by the GPU . . .” pp. 159-160 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">108. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Punishments for
Not Meeting Targets </b>“In Ukraine . . . The commission blacklisted all
districts in which the collection targets had not been met . . . the purge of
local Party administrations, the massive arrest no simply of workers on the
collective farms, but also of managers suspected of “minimizing production.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon the same measures were being applied in
other grain-producing regions as well . . . To defeat the enemy only one
solution was possible: he would have to be starved out.” p. 163</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">109. In the countryside the death rate was at its highest in
the summer of 1933.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AS though hunger
were not enough, typhus was soon common, and in towns with population of
several thousand there wee sometimes fewer than two dozen survivors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Case of cannibalism are recorded both in GPU
reports and in Italian diplomatic bulletins from Kharkiv: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Every night the bodies of more than 250
people who have died from hunger or typhus are collected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of these bodies have had thee live r
removed, through a large slit in the abdomen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The police finally picked up some of the mysterious ‘amputators’ who
confessed that they were using the meat as a filling for meat pies that they
were selling in the market.” p. 165 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">110. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Excerpts from a
letter to Stalin from Mikhail Sholokhov –</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Methods of Torture </b>“The “cold” method: the worker is stripped bare
and left out in the cold, stark naked in a hanger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes whole brigades of collective
workers are treated in this fashion. The hot method: the feet and the bottom of
the skirt of female workers are doused with gasoline and then set alight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The flames are put out, and the process is
repeated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Napolovski <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kolkhoz</i> a certain Polotkin,
plenipotentiary [presiding authority] for the district committee, forced the
collective workers to stretch out on stoves hated till they were white hot;
then he cooled them off by leaving them naked in a hanger. . . In the
Lebyazhenski <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kolkhoz</i> the workers were
all lined up against a wall and an execution was simulated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could give a multitude of similar
examples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are not: “abuses” of the system; this is
the present system for collection grain.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 166 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">111. “In 1933, while these millions were dying of hunger,
the Soviet government continued to export grain, shipping 18 million
hundredweight of grain abroad “in the interests of industrialization.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 167<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">112. Using the demographic archives and the censuses of 1937
and 1939, which were kept secret until very recently, it is possible to
evaluate the scale of the famine in 1933 . . . Nearly 49 million people were
affected by famine or scarcity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
regions worst affected, such as the rural zones surrounding Kharkiv, the
mortality rate from January to June 1933 was ten times higher than normal:
100,000 deaths in June 1933 as opposed to 9,000 deaths in June 1932 . . .
Outside the immediate hunger zone, demographic losses attributable to the
scarcity of food were far from negligible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the rural zones around Moscow, mortality rates climbed by 50 percent
from January to June 1933; in the town of Ivanovo, for instance, which had been
a center for hunger riots in 1932, mortality rose by 35 percent in the first
half of the year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In total, for the year
1933 and for the whole of the country, there were 6 million more deaths that
usual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the immense majority of those
deaths can be attributed directly to hunger, the death toll for the whole
tragedy must therefore be nearly 6 million.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The peasants of Ukraine suffered worst of all, with 4 million lives
lost.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 167 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">113. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Impact of
the Great Famine </b>“. . . the Great Famine of 1932-33 appeared as the
decisive episode in the creation of a system of repression that was to consume
class after class and social group after social group.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through the violence, torture, and killing of
entire populations, the great famine was a huge step backward both politically
and socially.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tyrants and local despots
proliferated, ready to take any step necessary<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to force peasants to abandon their goods and their last provisions, and
barbarism took over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Extortion became an
everyday practice, children were abandoned. Cannibalism reappeared, epidemics
and banditry were rampant, new death camps were set up, and peasants were
forced to face a new form of slavery, the iron rule of the Party-state.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp 167-168</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 9 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Socially Foreign Elements and Cycles of
Repression </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">114. “Bourgeois specialists,” “aristocrats,” members of the
clergy and of the liberal professions, entrepreneurs, shopkeepers, and
craftsmen were all victims of the anticapitalist revolution that was launched
in the early 1930s.” p. 169</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">115. “. . . civil servants<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>. . . were purged because of their “right-wing deviations,” sabotage,”
or “membership in a socially alien class.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was notable that 80 percent of the more senior civil servants at the
People’s Commissariat of Finance had served under the old regime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . in a letter addressed to Molotov,
Stalin had given strict instruction: “It is imperative to: (1) carry out a
radical purge of the whole of the People’s Commissariat of Finance and the
State Bank, regardless of any objections from doubtful Communists . . . (2)
shoot at least twenty or thirty of the saboteurs who have managed to infiltrate
these organizations . . . (3) step up GPU operations all over the country to
try to recover all the silver coins that are still in circulation.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 25 September 1930 all forty-eight civil
servants were executed.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 170-171</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">116. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Second Attack on the Church</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The years 1929 and 1930 were marked by a
second great offensive by the Soviet state against the church . . . The antireligious
offensive of 1929 -30 occurred in two stages the first began in the spring and
summer of 1929 and was marked by a reintroduction and reinforcement of the
antireligious legislation of 1918-1922 . . . On 26 August the government
instituted the new five-day work week—five days of work, and one day of
rest—which made it impossible to observe Sunday as a day of rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This measure was deliberately introduced “to
facilitate the struggle to eliminate religion.” . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In October 1929 the seizure of all church
bells was ordered because “the sound of bells disturbs the right to peace of
the vast majority of atheists in the towns and the countryside.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 172</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">117. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The List of
Enemies </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The kulaks, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spetsy</i>, and members of the clergy were
not the only victims of the terror of the early 1930s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January 1930 the authorities launched a
vast campaign to “evict all entrepreneurs.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The operation was aimed in particular at shopkeepers, craftsmen, and
members of the liberal professions—all of the nearly 1.5 million people who had
worked in the minuscule private sector under the NEP.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These small entrepreneurs, whose average
working capital did not exceed 1,000 rubles, and 98 percent of whom did not
have a single employee, were rapidly evicted by a tenfold increase in their
taxes and the confiscation of their goods . . . A decree of 12 December 1930 noted
more than 30 different categories of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lishentsy</i>,
citizens who had been deprived of their civil rights, including
“ex-landowners,” “ex-shopkeepers,” “ex-nobles,” “ex-policemen,” “ex-tsarist
civil servants,” “ex-shopkeepers,” ex-employees or owners of private
companies,” ex-White officers,” ex-priests, ex-monks, ex-nuns, and “ex-members
of political parties.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
discrimination carried out against the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lishentsy</i>,
who in 1932 together with their families totaled some 7 million people,
entailed the elimination of their voting rights and their rights to housing,
health care, and ration cards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N 1933
and 1934 the measures became even stricter with the inception of “passportization”
to clear the towns of “socially undesirable elements.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 174</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">118. “The most spectacular operations took place in
1933.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 28 June to 3 July, 5,470
Gypsies from Moscow were arrested and deported to Siberian “work villages”,
from 8 to 12 July, 4,750 “socially undesirable elements” were arrested and
deported from Kyiv, in April, June, and July, three waves of police activity in
Moscow and Leningrad resulted in the deportation of 18,000 people . . . More
than two-thirds of the deportees died within a month.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p 176</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">119. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The End of Legal
Rights</b> “A few hours after the assassination [of Stalin’s chief political
rival] was announced, Stalin drafted the decree that came to be know as the
“Law of 1 December.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This extraordinary
measure, authorized by the Politburo two days later, ordered that the period of
questioning fro suspected terrorists be reduced to ten day, allowed suspects to
be tried without legal representation, and permitted executions to be carried
out immediately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The law marked a
radical break with the relaxation of terror only a few months earlier, and it
became the ideal instrument for the launching of het Great Terror.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 180</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 10 The Great Terror (1936-19390 </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">120. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Numbers of Lives
Lost During the Great Terror<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“For
Conquest [Khrushchev’s historian who drew up the general outlines of the Great
Terror]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and his followers, the Great
Terror led to at least 6 million arrests, 3 million executions, and 2 million
deaths in the camps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Revisionist historians
regard these figures as somewhat inflated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 186</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">121.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“On 2 July 1937
the Politburo sent local authorities a telegram ordering the “all kulaks and
criminals must be immediately arrested . . . and after trial . . . the most
hostile are to be shot, and the less active but still hostile elements deported
. . . In the following weeks the central authorities received “indicative
figures” set in by the local authorities . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>[that] During this particular operation 256,450 people were arrested and
72,950 shot . . . From 28 August to 15 December 1937 . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22.500 individuals were executed and another 16,800
were condemned to camps,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 31 January
1938, at the instigation of the NKVD [new name for the GPU which replaced the
Cheka], a further increase of 57,200 was accepted, 48,000 of who were to be
executed.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 187</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">122.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“This commission
[special board of the NKVD] . . . submitted at least 383 lists to be signed by
Stalin and the Politburo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These lists
contained some 44,000 names of Party leaders or members, as well as the names
of prominent figures from industry and the army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At leas 39,000 of them were condemned to
death” p.189</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">123. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">De-Stalinization Vindicated </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Researchers can thus compare these figures
with other sources of statistics about the Gulag Administration the People’s
commissariat of Justice, and legal records that are now also available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It appears that during 1937 and 1938,1,575,000
people were arrested by the NKVD, of these, 1,345,000 (85.4 percent) received
some sort of sentence and 681,692 (51 percent of those who were sentenced) were
executed. </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">124. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">On Socialist
Realism Writers</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Accused of
defending hostile and foreign points of view and of straying beyond the
boundaries of Socialist Realism, writers, publishers, theater directors, and
journalists all paid a heavy price during the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ezhovshchina</i>. Approximately 2,000 members of the writers’ union
were arrested, deported to camps or executed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Among the most famous victims were Isaac Bable, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Red Cavalry </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Odessa Tales, </i>who was shot on 27 January 1940 . . .” p. 200</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">125. “The huge
categories of victims . . . </b>–Cadres and specialists, socially dangerous and
alien elements, and spies—all demonstrate the logic of the massive killings of
the Great Terror, which was responsible for nearly 700,000 deaths in two years.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>202</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 11 The Empire of the Camps</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">126. “The 1930s, marked by repression against society on a
hitherto unknown scale, also saw a huge expansion on the concentration-camp
system . . . By mid-1930 approximately 140,000 prisoners were already working
in the camps run by the GPU . . . The number of people receiving some sort of
custodial sentence continued to rise: more than 56,000 wee sentenced by the GPU
in 1929, and 1930 (this compared with 1,238,000 in 1931) . . . In the second
half of the 1930s the Gulag population doubled, form 965,000 prisoners in early
1935 to 1,930,000 in early 1941.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>203-205</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">127. “He [Lavrenti Beria, people’s commissar of internal
affairs] recommended the extension of the working day to eleven hours, with
three rest days allowed per month, “to exploit, as much as possible, all the
physical capacities of all the prisoners.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 206</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">128. “A provisional balance sheet of statistics on the
terror might run as follows: 6 million dead as a result of he famine of 1932-33
. . . 720,000 executions . . . 300,000 known deaths in the camps form 194 to
1940 – By extrapolating these figures back to 1930-1933 (years for which very
few records are available), we can estimated that some 400,000 died during the
decade . . . 600,000 registered deaths among the deportees, refugees, and “specially
displaced.” . . . Approximately 2,200,000 deported, forcibly moved, or exiled as
“specially displaced people.” . . . A cumulative figure of 7 million people who
entered the camps and Gulag colonies from 1934 to 1941.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 207</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">129. “On 1 January 1940 some 1,670,000 prisoners were being
held in the 53 groups of corrective work camps and the 425 corrective work
colonies. One year later the figure had risen to 1,930,00 . . .” p.207 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">130.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Soviet Annexation of Easter Europe </b>“Eight
days after the signing of the pact [German Soviet non-aggression pact], Nazi
troops marched into Poland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One week
later, after all Polish resistance ha been crushed, and at the insistence of
the Germans, the Soviet government proclaimed its intention to occupy the
territories to which it was entitled under the secret protocol of 23 August . .
. On 17 September the Red Army entered Poland . . . The Soviet Union took
230,000 prisoners of war, including 15,000 officers . . . Germany agreed to
include Lithuania in the sphere of Soviet control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The partitioning of Poland allowed the U.S.S.R.
to annex vast territories of 180,000 square kilometers, with a population of 12
million Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Poles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After farcical referendum, these territories were attached to the Soviet
republics of Ukraine and Belorussia . . . According to records kept in the
Special Colonies Department of the Gulag, 381,000 Polish civilians from the
territories taken over by the U.S.S.R. in September 1939 were deported between
February 1940 and June 1941 as “specially displaced people” to Siberia, the
Arkhangelsk region, Kazakhstan, and other far-flung corners of the U.S.S.R. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The figures given by Polish historians are
much higher, arguing for approximately 1 million deportees . . . As for the
Polish prisoners of war, only 82,000 were still alive in the summer of 1941 . .
. In total more than 388,000 Polish prisoners of war, interned refugees, and
deported civilians benefited from this amnesty[].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several hundred thousand had died in the
previous two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A great number had
been executed on the pretext that they were “unrepentant and determined enemies
of Soviet power” . . . As soon as the Polish territories were annexed, the
Soviet government summoned the heads of the Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian
governments to Moscow and imposed “mutual assistance treaties on them according
to which they “invited” the U.S.S.R. to set up military bases on their
territory . . . The entry of Soviet troops in October 1939 marked the real end
of the independence of the Baltic states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On 11 October Beria [head of the NKVD] gave the order to “stamp out
anti-Soviet and antisocialist elements” in these countries . . . Their
[Stalin’s representatives] mission was to carry out the Sovietization of the
three republics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Parliaments and all
local institutions were dissolved and most of the members arrested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only the communist Party was authorized to
present candidates for the elections on 14 and 15 July 1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the weeks following the farcical
elections, the NKVD, under the leadership of General Ivan Serov, arrested
between 15,000 and 20,000 “hostile elements.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In Latvia alone, 1,480 people were summarily executed at the beginning
of July . . . during the night of 13—14 May, when “socially hostile” elements
from the Baltic region, Moldavia, Belorussia, and western Ukraine were rounded
up . . . In total, 85,716 people were deported in June 1941, including 25,711
from the Baltic states . . . During the night of 13--14 June, 11,038 members of
“bourgeois nationalist” families, 3,240 members of the families of former
policemen, 7,907 members of families of land-owners, industrialists, and civil
servants, 1,649 members of families of former officers, and 2,907 “others” were
deported.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The document [another letter
from Beria to Stalin] makes clear that the heads of these families had been
arrested, and in all probability had already been executed . . . No information
is available on the number of deportees who died in transit, but one can
imagine that the numbers were high.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
journey took form six to twelve weeks, and the deportees were fifty to a wagon
in the cattle trucks used to transport them, kept together with all their food
and baggage in the same place . . . A few days after the occupation of the
Baltic states, the Soviet government sent an ultimatum to Romania demanding
they immediate return of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the U.S.S.R. . . .
on 2 August 1949 Kobulov, Beria’s assistant, signed a deportation order . . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for 31,699 “ant-Soviet elements” who lived in
the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldavia and for another 12, 191 in the
Romanian regions that had been incorporated into Ukraine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within a few months all these “elements” had
been classified and filed in what was by then the tried and tested manner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The previous evening, on 1 August 1940,
Molotov had given a triumphant speech to the Supreme Soviet regarding the
German-Soviet pact, which had given the U.S.S. R. 23 million new inhabitants .
. . On 1 January 1941 the gulags contained more than 1,930,000 people, 270,000
more than the previous year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than
500,000 people in the new “Sovietized” territories had been deported, in
addition to the 1.2 million “specially displaced people” who had been counted
at the end of 1939.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soviet prisons,
which had a theoretical limit of 234,000 inmates, held 462,000 people and the
total number of sentences passed that year saw a huge rise, climbing in one
year from 700,000 to 2,300,000.” pp. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>208-214</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 12 The Other Side of Victory</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">131. For a long time, one of the best-kept secrets of Soviet
history was the deportation of whole ethnic groups during the Great Patriotic
War—nations that wee collectively accused of “subversive tactics, espionage,
and collaboration with the occupying Nazi forces.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . The Germans were the first ethinic
group to be collectively deported, a few weeks after the German invasion of the
U.S.S.R. According to the 1939 census, thus were then 1,427,000 Germans living
in the Soviet Union, most of them descendants of the German colonists invited
by Catherine II . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From 3 to 5
September 1941, 446,480 Germans were deported in 230 convoys, which on average
contained 50 trucks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This meant that
there were nearly 2,000 people per convoy, or 40 per truck . . . [From the
decree of 28 August 1941] If acts of sabotage are indeed carried out on
Germany’s orders by German Saboteurs and spies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>. . . then blood will flow, and the Soviet government, as is only
appropriate in times of war, will be obliged to take punitive measures against
the German population of the Volga . . . As of 25 December 1941, 894,600
Germans had been deported, most of them to Kazakhstan and Siberia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the Germans deported in 1942 are taken
into account, in all roughly 1,209,430 were deported in less than a year—very
close to the 1,427,000 Germans reported in the 1939 census . . . More than 82
percent of the German population in Soviet territory were thus deported, at a
moment when all police and military forces should have been concentrating on
the armed struggle against the invading enemy rather than the deportation of
hundreds of thousands of innocent Soviet citizens . . . Because information
about the convoys is so piecemeal, it is impossible today to calculate how many
of these Germans died in the transfer to the new settlements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also unclear how many convoys actually
reached their destination in the chaos engulfing Russia in the autumn of
1941.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of November, according
to the plan, 29,600 German deportees were to arrive in the region of
Karaganda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But on 1 January 1942 only
8,304 had actually arrived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
intention was for 130,998 individuals to settle in the area, but in fact nom
more than 116,612 made it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What happened
to the others?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Altai region was
slated to receive 11,000 deportees, but actually received 94,799.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Worse still are the NKVD reports on the
arrival of the deportees, which leave no doubt that the regions were totally
unprepared for them.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>216-219<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">132. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Other Groups</b>
“The deportation of the Germans was followed by a second great wave of
deportations, from November 1943 to the June 1944, when six peoples—the
Chechens, the Ingush, the Crimean Tatars, the Karachai, the Balkars, and the
Kalmyks—were deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan Uzbekistan, and Kirgizstan on the
pretext that they had “collaborated massively with the Nazi occupier.” p. 219</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">133. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Accounts of
Death</b> “We worked hard, and we were always hungry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of us could barely stand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had deported thirty families from our
village.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were one or two survivors
from five families.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everyone else died
of hunger or disease.” . . . in the tightly shut wagons, people died like flies
because of hunger and lack of oxygen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And no one gave us anything to eat or drink . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When they did open the doors in the middle of
the steppes in Kazakhstan, we were given military rations to eat but nothing to
drink, and we were told to throw all the dead out beside the railway line
without burying them . . . A few figures give an idea of eh scale of death
among the deportees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January 1946 the
Administration for Special Resettlements calculated that there were 70,360
Kalmyks remaining of the 92,000 who had been deported two years
previously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 1 July 1944, 35,750
Tartar families representing 151,424 people had arrived in Uzbekistan; six
months later there were 818 more families but 16,000 fewer people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the 608,749 people deported from the
Caucasus, 146,892, or nearly 1 in 4, had died by 1 October 1948, and a mere
28,120 had been born in the meantime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
the 228,392 people deported from Crimea, 44,887 had died after four years, and
there had been only 6,564 births.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
extremely high mortality rate becomes even more apparent when one also takes
into account the fact that between 40 percent and 50 percent if the deportees
were under sixteen years of age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Death
form natural causes” was thus only a tiny part of these statistics.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 222-223</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">134. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Executions </b>“When
there was not enough time for a camp to be evacuated, as was often the case in
the opening weeks of the war, the prisoners were simply executed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was particularly the case in western
Ukraine, where at the end of June 1941 the NKVD massacred 10,000 prisoners in
Lviv, 1,200 in the prison at Lutsk, 1.500 in Stanislwow, and 500 in Dubno.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 225</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">135. All administration reports from the gulags for the
years 1941-1944 emphasize the horrendous deterioration of living conditions in
the camps during the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
overcrowded camps the living space of each prisoner fell 1.5 square meters to 0.7;
prisoners must have taken turns sleeping on boards, since beds were then a
luxury reserved for workers with special status.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Average daily caloric intake fell by 65
percent from prewar levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Famine
became widespread and in 1942 typhus and cholera began to appear in the
camps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to official figures,
nearly 19,000 prisoners died of these diseases each year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1941 there were nearly 101,000 deaths in
the labor camps alone, not including the forced-labor colonies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus that annual death rate was approaching 8
percent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1942 the Gulag
Administration registered 249,000 deaths (a death rate o 18 percent), and in
1943, 167,000 deaths (a death rate of 17 percent).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one also includes the executions of
prisoners and deaths in the prisons and in the forced-labor colonies, one can
roughly calculate the there were some 600,000 deaths in the gulags in 1941-43
alone.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 226</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">136. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More Executions
and Deaths</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“From July 1941 to July
1944 special courts in the camps sentenced 148,000prisoners to new punishment
and executed 10.858 of these . . . The weakest prisoners and those least
adapted to the harsh conditions that prevailed in the camps were amount the
approximately 600,000 who died in the gulags in 1941-1943.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>228</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">137. To root out all opposition to Sovietization, NKVD
agents targeted the schools . . . they drew up lists of people to be arrested
as a preventive measure at the top of these lists were the names of the most
able pupils, whom they judged to be “potentially hostile to the Soviet
system.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 229</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">138. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As in
Solzhenitsyn<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“</b>There intended to
contain Soviet prisoners of war who had been set free or had managed to escape
from enemy prisoner-of-war camps; all were suspected of being potential spies
or at least of having been contaminated by their stay outside the soviet
system.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 230</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 13 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apogee [climax] and Crisis in the Gulag System</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">139. “It was on the agricultural front that the situation
was most perilous . . . Refusing to look into the reasons for this agricultural
disaster, and blaming the failure on the greed of a few private farmers, the
government decided to “eliminate all violations of the status of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kolkhozy</i>” and to go after “hostile and
foreign elements sabotaging the collection process, thieves, and anyone caught
pilfering the harvest . . . In November and December 1946 sentences were handed
down against more than 53.300 people, most of them collective farm workers, who
were sent to the camps for the theft of grain or bread . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The famine of the autumn and winter of
1946-47 struck the regions most severely affected by the drought of the summer
of 1946 . . . They were at least 500,000 victims.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As in 1932, the famine of 1946-47 was passed
over in a total silence. The refusal to lower the obligator collection targets
when the harvest in some areas reached scarcely 250 kilos per hectare meant
that shortage evolved into famine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
starving works often had no choice but to steal a few reserves simply to
survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In one year, recorded thefts
rose by 44 percent . . . In the second half of that year [1947] more than
380,000 people, including 21,000 under age sixteen, were sentenced as a result
of this new, draconian law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the
theft of no more than a few kilos of rye, one could be scented to eight to ten
years in the camps . . . Among people sentenced for theft were numerous women,
war windows, and mothers with young children who had been reduced to begging
and stealing to survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of
1948 the gulags contained more then 500,000 prisoners (twice as many as in
1945).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some 22,815 children under age
four were kept in the “infant houses” located in the women’s camps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By early 1953 this figure rose to more than
35,000.” pp. 234-235 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">140. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Deportations, Pacifications,
and Collectivization in the Baltic States</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“In 1948 alone nearly 50,000 Lithuanians were deported as “specially
displaced,” and 30,000 were sent to gulags.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In addition, according to figures from the Ministry of Internal Affairs,
21,259 Lithuanians were killed in “pacification operations” in the republic.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of 1948, 4 percent of the land had
undergone collectivization in the Baltic states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From March to May 1949 nearly 95,000 people
were deported from the Baltic republics to Siberia . . . including 27,084 under
the age of sixteen, 1,785 young children who had no family left, 146 disabled
people, and 2,850 infirm elderly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In September
1951 a new series of sweeps resulted in the deportation of another 17,000
so-called Baltic kulaks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the years
1940-1953 the number of deportees from the Baltic is estimated at 200,000 . . .
To these figures one should add the number of people from the Baltic imprisoned
in gulags—a total of 75,000 in 1953 . . . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In total, 10 percent of the entire adult Baltic
population was either deported or in a camp.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 236 </span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">141. “In the first months of 1953 the gulags contained
2,750,000 prisoners . . .” p. 238</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ch. 14 The Last Conspiracy</span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">142. “One final troubling aspect of . . . public revelation
of the horrors of the Nazi death camps, it allowed the deep-seated tsarist anti-Semitism,
which the Bolsheviks had previously eschewed, to resurface, thus demonstration
the confusion of the last years of Stalinism.” p.243</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">143. “A group of “engineer saboteurs” in the metallurgy
complex in Stalino, almost all of whom were Jewish, were sentenced to death and
executed on 12 August 1952.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paulina
Zhemchuzhina, Molotov’s Jewish wife, who was a top manager in the textile
industry, was arrested on 21 January 1949 for “losing documents containing
state secrets” and was sent to a camp for five years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The wife of Stalin’s personal secretary Alexzander
Poskrebyshev, who was also Jewish was accused of espionage and shot in July
1952.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both Molotov and Poskrebyshev
continued to serve Stalin as though nothing had happened.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 245</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">144. “Of all these purported activities, the Leningrad
Affair, which led to the secret executions of the main leaders of the Soviet
Communist Party’s second-most important branch organization, is still by far
the most mysterious . . . The accused . . . –Kuznetsov, Rodionov, Popokov,
Voznesensky, Ya. F. Kapustin, and P. G. Lazutin—were judged <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in camera</i> on 30 September 1950 and
executed the following day, one hour after the verdict was announced . . . In
October 1950 other travesties of justice condemned to death dozens of Party
leaders who had belonged to the Lenigrad organization . . .”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 246</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">145. “The secret trial of the members of the Jewish
Anti-Fascist Committee lasted from 11 to 15 July 1952.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirteen of the accused were sentenced to
death and executed on 12 August 1952 along with ten other “engineer saboteurs,”
all Jewish . . . In all, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee affair led to 125
sentences, including 25 death sentences, which were carried out immediately,
and 100 camp sentences of between ten and twenty-five years.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 248</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">146. “One thing alone is certain: Stalin’s death finally put
an end to the list of the millions of victims who suffered under his
dictatorship.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 249</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Ch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>15 The Exit from Stalinism</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">147. “Less than two weeks after Stalin’s death, the gulag
system was completely reorganized and brought under the authority of the
Ministry of Justice.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 252 </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
</span><div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">148. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lidia Chukovskaya <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The
great return, which took place in almost total silence as far as official
pronouncements were concerned, together with the realization that for millions no
return would ever be possible, threw many people into deep confusion and began
a vast social and moral trauma, a tragic confrontation in a divided
society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Lidia Chukovskaya wrote, “Two
Russians looked each other in the eye: the one who had imprisoned, and the one
who had been imprisoned.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 257</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Conclusion</span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
149.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The first
cycle, from the end of 1917 to the end of 1992, began with Lenin’s seizure of
power, which he saw as a necessary part of civil war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a brief phase in the spontaneous social
violence was channeled into more official structures, which then acted as
catalysis in breaking up the old order, a deliberate offensive against the peasantry
took shape in the spring of 1918.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp.
262-263 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
150.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Violence had become
such an everyday occurrence, so much a way of life, that the new terror went on
for another quarter of a century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
second war against the peasantry was decisive in institutionalizing terror as a
means of government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was manifested
in several different ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Collectivization
. . . Mass deportations . . . the military and feudal exploitation of eh
peasantry” –a new form of slavery was invented.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 264 </div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
151. “The time of the Great Terror, from late 1936 to 1938,
brought more than 85 percent of all the death sentences handed down during the
entire Stalinist period . . . After 1940, in the contest of the Sovietization
of the new territories that had been annexed and the “Great Patriotic War,” a
series of repressions resumed . . . The annexation of eastern Poland and then
of the Baltic states in 1939—1941 led to the elimination of the “nationalist
bourgeoisie” and the deportation of specific minority groups . . .”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 264 <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">II World Revolution, Civil War, and
Terror, Stephane Coutois, Jean-Louis Panne, and Remi Kauffer <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">16 The Comintern in Action, Stephane
Courtois and Jean-Louis Panne<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Revolution in Europe<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
152. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Spartacus Group </b>“In
Berlin in December 1918 Rosa Luxenburg and Karl Liebknecht published the
program of the Spartakus group, breaking away form the Independent Social
Democratic party a few days later to set up the German Communist Party (KPD)
through a merger with a few other groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In early January 1919 the Spartakists, led by Liebknecht—who was more of
a radical revolutionary that Luxenurg and, like Lenin, opposed the idea of a
Constituent Assembly—tried to start and insurrection in Berlin.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 272 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
153. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lenin’s Call for
Terror</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Lenin, whom Bela Kun had
hailed as the leader of the world proletariat, was in regular contact by
telegram with Budapest after 22 March (218 messages were exchanged) and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>he advised shooting the Social Democrats and
“petits-bourgeois.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In his message to
the Hungarian works on 27 May 1919, he justified this recourse to terror:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dictatorship of the proletariat requires
the use of swift, implacable, and resolute violence to crush the resistance of
exploiters, capitalists, great landowners, and their minions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyone who does not understand this is not a
revolutionary.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One proclamation posted on the walls summed
up the mood of the moment: “IN the proletarian state, only workers are allowed
to live!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work became obligatory, and
all businesses employing more than twenty workers were immediately
nationalized, followed by businesses employing more than ten, and soon the rest
as well.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 273 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
154.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lenin’s Boys in Hungary “</b>Soon a Terror
Group of Revolutionary Council of the Government was formed and quickly became
known as “Lenin’s Boys.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Terror
Group murdered about ten people, including a young naval ensign, Ladislas
Dobsa; a former first secretary of state and his son, who was the chief of the
railways; and three police officers . . . With some twenty of “Lenin’s Boys,”
Szamuely [the most radical of the Communist leaders] then went to Szolnok, the
first city to be taken by the Hungarian Red Army, where he executed several
locals accused of collaboration with the Romanians . . . One Jewish schoolboy
who tried to plead for his father’s life was killed for calling Szamuely a
“wild beast.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The chief of the Red Army
tried in vain to put a brake on Szamuely’s appetite for terror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Szamuely had requisitioned a train, and was
traveling around the country hanging any peasants opposed to collectivization measures.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 274<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Comintern and Civil War<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
155. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">World Wide
Revolution</b> “. . . Lenin decided to establish an international organization
whose aim was to spread the revolution throughout the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thereafter, as the “headquarters of world
revolution,” . . . The manifesto adopted at the Second Congress proudly
announced: “The Communist International is the international party for
insurrection and proletarian dictatorship.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Consequently, the third of the twenty-ne conditions stipulated that “in
almost all the countries o Europe and America, the class struggle is moving
into the period of civil war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under such
conditions Communists can no longer trust bourgeois law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the duty to set up everywhere, in
parallel to the legal organization, an underground movement capable of decisive
actions in the service of the revolution at the moment of truth.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 275-276<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
156. “The “Thesis on Tactics” indicated that “the Communist
Party must educate large sections of the proletariat, with both words and
deeds, and inculcate the idea that any economic or political struggle, when the
circumstances are favorable, can be transformed into civil war, in the course
of which it is the duty of the proletariat to seize power.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 276 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
157. The aim of this offensive [into Estonia] was clearly
explained in the newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Severnaya
Kommuna</i> (The Northern Commune): “It is our duty to build a bridge
connecting the Russian Soviets to the proletariat of Germany and Austria . . .
Our victory will link the revolutionary forces of Western Europe to those of
Russia. It will lend irresistible force to the universal social
revolution.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 278<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
158. On 14 January the Bolsheviks had time to kill only 20
people, including Arch-bishop Plato, of 200 they were holding prisoner in Tartu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because the victims had been clubbed to death
with axes and rifle butts—one officer was bound with his insignia nailed to his
body—they were extremely difficult to identify.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P.278 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
159. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Bulgaria</b> “On 17 April [1925] at
Georgiev’s [murdered advisor to the king] funeral in the Cathedral of the Seven
Saint in Sofia, a terrible explosion caused the come to fall in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among the 140 dead were 14 generals, 16 commanding
officers, and 3 parliamentary deputies . . . the attack was organized by the
military section of the Communist Party.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>p. 279<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
160. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In China, Mao’s
Formula </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It was thus very early on
that the idea took root among the communists in China that the revolution was
above all a military affair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This belief
institutionalized the political function of the military, which naturally
resulted I the ideas like Mao’s famous formula, “Power comes out of the barrel
of a gun.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 282 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
161. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In Spain</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The justification of violence, the
day-to=day practice of class hatred, and the theory of civil war and terror
were used again in 1936 in Spain, where the Comintern sent a number of its
cadres who distinguished themselves in the Communist repressions.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 283<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
162. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Purges of
Communist Parties throughout Europe</b> “According to Mikhail Panteleev, the
ultimate aim of these purges was the eradication of all resistance to Stalinism
. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Togliatti in 1938 says,] “Death
to the cowards, spies, and fascist agents!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Long live the Part of Lenin and Stalin, the vigilant guardian of the
victories of the October Revolution and the sure guarantor of the triumph of
the revolution throughout the world!” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 300-301 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
163. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stalin’s
complicity with Hitler</b> “The fate of militant German Communists is well
documented thanks to the existence of list of cadres . . . which were drawn up
under KPD leaders . . . some 1,136 people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Arrests reached their peak in 1937, when 619 people were arrested, and
continued until 1941, when 21 were arrested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The fate of 666 of these people is unknown, although it is almost certain
that they died in prison.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least 82
were executed, 197 died in prison camps, and 132 were handed over to the
Nazis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approximately 150 survived their
long sentences and eventually managed to leave the U.S.S. R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the ideological reasons invoked to
justify the arrest of these militants was that they had failed to stop Adolf
Hitler’s rise to power, as though Moscow itself had played no role in the Nazi
seizure of power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most tragic
episode of all, the occasion on which Stalin displayed the full extent of his
cynicism, was the handing over to Hitler of the German antifascists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This took place in 1937, when the Soviet
authorities began expelling Germans from the U.S.S. R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ON 16 February ten were condemned and then
handed over by the Soviet special services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>P. 301 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
164<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Deal between
Communists and Nazis</b> “This understanding between Nazi Germany and Soviet
Russia prefigured the Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939, when, according to Jorge
Semprum, “the truly convergent nature of all totalitarian systems was
revealed.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P. 302<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
165<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. Purging the
Poles</b> “The polish Communists figured second only to Russians themselves in terms
of the number who suffered in the purges. General Secretary Julian Lenski was
called to Moscow and immediately disappeared, twelve members of the Central
Committee,. Many leaders slightly lower in the hierarchy, and several hundred
militants, including Poles who had enlisted in the International Brigades, were
liquidated . . . Although little is known about the fate of the anonymous workers,
we do know that eight secretaries of the YCP’s Central Committee, fifteen other
members of the Central Committee, and twenty –one secretaries from regional or
local bodies were arrested and disappeared. . . Others were executed
immediately, including the Vujovic brothers . . . [and the] head of the
Communist Youth International and a Trotsky sympathizer, also disappeared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 305-306<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Hunt for Trotskyites <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
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166. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">International
Murder </b>“On 17 July 1937 he [Reiss – professional agitator and avid
communist] sent an open letter to the CPSU Central Committee in which he
explained his position and attacked Stalin and Stalinism by name, calling it
“that admixture of the worst types of opportunism, unprincipled, bloody, and
deceptive, which is threatening to poison the whole world and to kill off what
remains of the Workers’ Movement.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reiss
also explained his move into the Trotskyite camp and in doing so unknowingly
signed his own death warrant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The NKVD
immediately contacted its network in France and found Reiss in Switzerland, where
an ambush was laid for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Lausanne
on the night of 4 September he was riddled with bullets by two French
Communists while a female NKVD agent attempted to kill his wife and child with
a box of poisoned chocolates . . . The assassination of Reiss was quite
spectacular, but it was part of a much wider movement to liquidate Trotskyites
wherever possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is hardly
surprising that Trotskyites were massacred in the U.S.S.R. along with all
others who died in the purges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is
more surprising is the lengths to which the secret services went to destroy
their opponents abroad, as well as the different Trotskyite groups that had
sprung up in so many countries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The main
method used was the patient covert infiltration of all such groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In July 1937 Rudolf Klement, the leader of
the International Secretariat of the Trotskyite Opposition, disappeared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ON 26 August a headless, legless body was
fished out of the Seine and was soon identified as the body of Klement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trotsky’s own son, Lev Sedov, died in Paris
shortly after a medical operation, but the suspicious circumstances surrounding
his death led his family to believe it was an assassination organized by the
Soviet secret services. . . “p. 307<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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167. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Assisinatino of
Trotsky</b> “Sudoplatov did admit, however, that in March 1939 he had been
personally ordered by Berian and Stalin to assassinate Trotsky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stalin told him: “We must do away with Trotsky
this year, before the outbreak of the war that is inevitably coming . . . With
the help of the Mexican Communist Party, Sudoplatov’s men prepared a first
attempt on Trotxky’s life on 24 May, which he miraculously escaped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The infiltration of Ramon Mercader under an
assumed name finally provided Sudoplatov with the means to eliminate Trotsky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mercader gained the confidence of one of the
female members of Trotsky’s group and managed to et into contact with him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather warily, Trotsky agreed to meet him to
go over an article Mercader had supposedly written in Trosky’s defense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mercader then stabbed Trotsky in the head
with an ice pick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mortally wounded,
Trotsky cried out for help, and his wife and bodyguards threw themselves on
Mercader. Trotsky died the next day.” pp 307-308 <o:p></o:p></div>
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168. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">How Trotsky
Viewed Stalin</b> “For him, the GPU was “Stalin’s main weapon for wielding
power” and was “the instrument of totalitarianism in the U.S.S.R., from which
“a spirit of servitude and cynicism has spread throughout the Comintern and
poisoned the workers’ movement to the core.” p. 308<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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169. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Castor protects
the killer of Trotsky </b>“Ramon Mecader died in 1978 in Havana, where Fidel
Castor had invited to work as an adviser to the Ministry of the Interior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been decorated with the Order of Lenin
for his crime, and he was buried quietly in Moscow.” p. 309 <o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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170. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">World Wide
Attack on Trotskyies</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Communists
often used the concentration-camp system to get rid of their political enemies,
deliberately sending them to the hardest sections . . . [Greece] In 1946, in a
report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Vasilis Bartziotas
noted that 600 Trotskyites had been executed . . . [China] In China an
embryonic movement had taken shape in 1928 under the leadership o Chen Duxiu,
one of the founders and earliest leaders of Chinese Communist Party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1935 it still had only a few hundred
members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the war against Japan some
of them managed to infiltrate the Eight Army of the People’s Liberation Army
(PLA), the armed force of the Communist Party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mao Zedong had then executed and liquidated their battalions,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end of the civil war they were
systematically hunted down and killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The fate of may of them is still unknown . . . [Viet Nam] On 14
September the Viet Minh launched a huge operation against the Trotskyite
cadres.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of them were executed shortly
after their capture . . . Ta Tu Thau, the leader of the movement, was executed
in February 1946.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ho Chi Minh himself
wrote that all Trotskyites were “traitors and spies of the lowest sort.” pp.
309-311<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foreign Antifascist
and Revolutionary Victims of eh Terror in the U.S.S.R. </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
171. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Finns for the
U.S. and Finland</b> “In the early 1930s the Soviet Union launched a propaganda
campaign in the Karelia region, making much of the possibilities offered by the
frontier regions between Russia and Finland and the golden opportunity
presented there to “built socialism.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some 12,000 people left Finland to live in Karelian and were joined
there by another 5,000 from the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most of then latter were members of the American Association of Finnish
Workers and were experiencing tremendous hardship because of the stock-market
crash of 1929.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Amtorg agents (Amtorg was
the Soviet advertising agency) promised them work, good salaries, housing, and
a free trip fro New York to Leningrad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They were told to bring all their possessions with them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What Aino Kuusinen termed “the rush for
Utopia” soon turned into a nightmare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
soon as the Finns arrived, their machinery, tools, and savings were
confiscated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were forced to hand
over their passports and effectively found themselves prisoners in an
underdeveloped region where there was nothing but forest and conditions were
extremely harsh.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to Arbo
Tuominen, who led the Finnish Communist Party and held a key position in the
Presidium of the Comintern Executive Committee until 1939 before being
condemned to death and then having his sentence committed to ten years’
imprisonment, at least 20,000 Finns were detained in concentration camps.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 312 <o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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172. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Italian
Communists</b> “Around 200 Italians [in U.S.S.R.] were arrested, mostly for
espionage, and about 40 were shot, 25 of whom have been identified.” p.313<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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173. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Yugoslavs </b>“In
1917 there were 2,600 Yugoslavs living in Russia, and by 1924 the number had
risen to 3,750 . . . “the vast majority were arrested in 1937 and 1938, and
their fate remains unknown . . . supported by the fact that several hundred
émigrés disappeared without a trace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Even now no definite information is available about the fate of the
Yugoslavs who worked in the U.S.S.R., in particular concerning those who worked
on the subway protested against their working conditions and were subsequently
taken away, never to be seen again.” pp. 316-317<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
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174. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jews</b> “Many
Polish Jews had fled east before the advancing Berman army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the winter of 1939-40 the Germans were
not overly worried about people fleeing over the border, but many of those who
did try their luck met an unexpected obstacle” “The Soviet Guards in the
‘classless society’ in their long fur coats, with their bayonets at the ready,
often greeted with police dogs and bursts of automatic gunfire the nomads who
had set out for the promised land.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
December 1939 to March 1940 the Jews found themselves trapped in a
no-man’s-land about a mile wide, on the west bank of the Bug, and were forced
to camp out under the stars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of
them then turned around and returned to the German zone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>L. C. “I.D> no. 15015, a former soldier in
the Polish army of General Ladislav Anders, later summed up the situation as
follows: The territory was a sector of about 600-700 meters, where about 800
people had been stranded for several weeks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ninety percent of them were Jews who had escaped from the Germans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We were ill and constantly damp from the
incessant autumn rain, and we huddled together for warmth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The “humanitarian” Soviet border guards
wouldn’t give us even a mouthful of bread or hot water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They didn’t even let through the peasants
from the surrounding countryside, who were willing to help us stay alive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of us died there as a result . . .I can
confirm that the people who went back home to the German side were right to do
so, because the NKVD was no better than the Gestapo from any point of
view.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The only difference was that the
Gestapo killed you more quickly, while the NKVD killed and tortured in horribly
long and slow way . . . “ pp. 317-318 <o:p></o:p></div>
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175. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">1984</i></b> “The main difference between
the Soviet camps and detention camps in the rest of the world is not their
huge, unimaginable size or the murderous conditions found there, but something
else altogether.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s the need to tell
an endless series of lies to save your own life, to lie every day, to wear a
mask for years and never say what you really think.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Soviet Russia, free citizens have to do
the same thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dissembling and lies
become the only means of defense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Public
meetings, business meetings, encounters on the street, conversations, even
posters on the wall all get wrapped up in an official language that doesn’t
contain a single word of truth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People
in the West can’t possibly understand what it is really like to lose the right
to say what you think for years on end, and the way you have to repress the
tiniest “illegal” thought you might have and stay silent as the tomb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That sort of pressure breaks something inside
people.” p. 318 <o:p></o:p></div>
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176. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Jews Flee
U.S.S.R. </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“IN the winter of 1945-46
the physician Jacques Pat, secretary of the Jewish Workers’ Committee of the
United States, went to Poland to begin and inquiry into Nazi crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On his return he published two articles in
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jewish Daily Forward</i> on the fate
of Jews who had fled to the U.S.S.R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
his calculations, and on the basis of hundreds of interviews, 400,000 Polish
Jews had died in 150,000 chose to take back Polish citizenship so that they
could leave the U.S.S.R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The 150,000 Jews
who are today crossing the Soviet-Polish border are no longer interested in
talking about the Soviet Union, the Socialist fatherland, dictatorship, or
democracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For them such discussions are
over, and their last word is this gesture of flight.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 319<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Forced Return of
Soviet Prisoners<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
178. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">As in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Day in the Life of Ivan Donicovich </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>“If having any contact with people from
abroad, or simply being a foreigner, made one suspect in the eyes of the
regime, then having been kept prisoner for four years during the war outside
one’s national territory was also enough to make a Russian soldier a traitor as
far as the Soviet authorities were concerned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Under Decree No. 270 in 1042, which modified Article 193 of the penal
code, any soldier captured by the enemy <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ipso
facto </i>became a traitor.” p. 319<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
179. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hitler’s Killing
of Russian POWs </b>“In the case of the Russians, the conditions had often been
atrocious, as Hitler considered that all Slavs were subhuman and hence were to
be disposed of en masse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the 5.7
million Russian prisoners of war, 3.3 million died of hunger and the poor
conditions.” p. 320<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
180. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Western Allies
Hand Over “Russians” to the U.S.S.R. </b>“It was very early on that Stalin, in
response to the Allies’ preoccupation with the idea that there were Russian
soldiers in the Wehrmacht, decided to obtaining permission to repatriate all
Russian who found themselves in the Western zone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This permission was quickly granted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the end of 1944 to January 1945 more
than 332,000 Russian prisoners (including 1,179 from San Francisco) were
transferred [to] the Soviet Union, often against their will . . . Once the
Yalta accords had been signed, convoys left Britain weekly for the
U.S.S.R.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From May to July 1945 more than
1.3 million people who had been living in the Western occupied zones, and who
were considered Russian by the British, including people form the Baltics,
which had been annexed in 1940, and Ukrainians, were repatriated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the end of August more than 2 million of
these “Russians” had been handed over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sometimes they were kept in terrible conditions . . . Protests against
such policies were few, and took place too late to be of any use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One did appear in the summer of 1947, in the
Socialist review <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Masses:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b></i>“One
can easily imagine Genghis Khan, at the height of his power, closing his
frontiers to prevent his slaves from running away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it is hard to imagine that he would be
granted the right to extradite them from abroad . . . This is a true sign of
our postwar moral decay . . . What moral or political code can possibly be used
to oblige people to go and live in a country where they will live and work as
slaves?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What gratitude does the world
expect from Stalin for turning a deaf ear to the cries of all the Russian
citizens who have taken their own lives rather than return home?” pp. 320-321<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
Enemy Prisoners<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
181. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Enemy Prisoners </b>“The
Soviet Union had not ratified the 1929 Geneva Convention on prisoners of
war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Theoretically, all prisoners were
protected y the convention even if their country was ot a signatory, but the
Soviet government took little account of this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In victory, it still kept between 3 million and 4 million German
prisoners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among them were soldiers
freed by the Western forces who had come back to the Soviet zone and been
deported farther east to the U.S.S.R. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
182. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Deaths </b>“One
estimate made by a special commission (the Maschke commission) claimed that
nearly 1 million German prisoners of war died in Soviet camps.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A typical case involved the 100,000 German
prisoners taken by the Red Army at Stalingrad, of whom only 6,000
survived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to the Germans,
there were still around 60,000 Italian survivors in February 1947 . . . The
Italian government claimed that only 12,513 of those soldiers ha returned to
Italy at that date.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Romanian and
Hungarian soldiers found themselves in the same position after the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In March 1945, 100 volunteers from the
Spanish “Azul” division were finally liberated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This survey would not be complete with mentioning the 900,000 Japanese
soldiers taken prisoner in Manchuria.” pp. 322-333<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
The Unwilling<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
183. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">French</b> “In
192 the Germans decided forcibly to conscript those born in 1920-1924 . . .
many of these soldiers, who were know in France as the Malgre-nous, or “In
Spite of Ourselves” we sent to the eastern front, where 22,000 died.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the Soviet authorities found out about
this unusual situation from other Free French, they began to appeal to French
soldiers to desert, promising them that they would be reenlisted in a regular
French army, Whatever the circumstances were, 23,000 people from the
Alsace-Lorraine were taken prisoner . . . in terrible conditions: they were
undernourished (receiving only 600 grams of black bread a day), forced to work
in the forests, and lived in primitive, half-buried huts, with no medical
care.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People who escaped form this death
camp estimated that at least 10,000 of their companions died there in 1944 and
1945.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 323 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Civil War and War of National
Liberation </span></b><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
184. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tito</b> “Tito
himself was a Croat—the Communist partisan leader began to establish guerrilla
bases in Bosnia in 1942.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two
movements were soon opposed on key issues . . . Historians estimate that there
were slightly more than 1 million deaths, out of a total population of just 16
million.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 324-325<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
185. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Communists Take
Yugoslavia</b> “Following Italy’s surrender in September 1943,Churchill’s
decision to help Tito [gave] the Communists . . . a clear political advantage
over their rivals . . . Solider and policemen of all types fund themselves forced
to walk to their deaths, hundreds of miles across the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Slovenian prisoners were taken back to
Slovenia near Kocevje, where as many as 30,000 were killed . . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Draza Mihailovic’s troops were completely
annihilated at about the same time as the Slovenians . . . Once captured, Draza
Mihailovic was tried, sentenced to death, and shot on 17 July 1946.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pp. 325-326<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
186. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In Greece</b> “.
. . civil war within the main war was of great advantage to the Germans as they
swept down upon the resistance units on by one . . . a few weeks later the
ELAS[Peoples Army for National Liberation] attacked Colonel Psarros’ EKKA
[National Social Liberation Movement] troops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He was defeated after five days and taken prisoner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His offers were massacred: Psaros himself was
beheaded . . . On 2 September, as the Germans began to evacuate Greece, the
ELAS sent its troops to conquer the Peloponnesus, which had always eluded its
control thanks to the security battalions. All captured towns and villages were
“punished.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Meligala, 1,400 men,
women, and children were massacred along with some 50 officers and
noncommissioned officers from the security battalions . . . Later, asked about
the reasons for the defeat of the EAM-ELS [Communist], Velouciotes replied
frankly: “We didn’t kill enough people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The English were taking a major interest in the crossroads called
Greece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we had killed all their
friends, they wouldn’t have been able to land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone described me as a killer—that’s the way we were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Revolutions succeed only when rivers run red
with blood, and blood has to be spilled if what you are aiming for is the
perfectibility of the human race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pp327-328 <o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
187. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Greek Civil
War</b> “It seems that the Greek Communist uprising was perfectly coordinated
with the Soviet Union’s new policies . . . following the usual pattern: police
stations were attacked, their occupants killed, and leading local figures executed
. . . Villages that refused to cooperate suffered sever reprisals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One village in Macedonia was hit particularly
hard: forty-eight houses were burned down, and twelve men, six women, and two
babies killed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After March 1947
municipal leaders were systematically eliminated, as were priests.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By March the number of refugees reached
400,000.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 329<o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
188. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Deportation
of Greek Children</b> “During the civil war of 1946-1948, Greek Communists kept
records on all children aged three to fourteen in all areas they
controlled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In March 1948 these children
were gathered together in the borer regions, and several thousand were taken
into Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The villagers tried to protect their children by hiding them in the
woos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Red Cross, despite the
enormous obstacles placed in their path, managed to count 28,296 . . . In
reality the enforced deportation of the children was carried out in appalling
conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Starvation and epidemics
were extremely common, and many of the children simply died.” p. 330 <o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">17
The Shadow of the NKVD in Spain<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The
Communist Line<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">189. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goal of Communists in Spain</b> “Their aims
were manifold, but their primary goal was to ensure that the Spanish Communist
Party<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . seized power and was to
establishes a state that would become another Soviet satellite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To achieve their goal, they used traditional
Soviet methods, such as establishing an omnipresent police force and
liquidation all non-Communist forces. p. 335<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“Advisers”
and Agents<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">190. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Advisors” from Soviet Union </b>“First and
foremost among these were the 2,044 military advisers . . . “ p. 336<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“After
the Lies, Bullets in the Neck”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">191. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Punishment</b> “To the Communists mind,
political deviation was the equivalent of treason, an everywhere it was met
with the same punishment.” p. 339<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">May 1937
and the Liquidation of the POUM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">192. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Communist Attack the POUM [Spanish
Anti-Communists]</b> “The Communists ha prepared for the attack by increasing
the level of propaganda and harassment and closing down both the POUM radio
station and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La batalla</i>, the POUM’s
official newspaper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 6 May, 5,000
police agents headed by leading Communists arrived in Barcelona.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ensuing violent confrontations between
Communist and non-Communist forces left nearly 500 dead and another 1,000
wounded.” p. 340<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">193.
“Taking advantage of the confusion, the Communists seized evey opportunity to
liquidate their political opponents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Camillo Berneri, the Italian anarchist philosopher ,and his companion
Francesco Barbieri were abducted and killed by a squad of twelve men; their
bodies were found riddled with bullets the following day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only days before, Berneri had prophetically
written in his journal, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guera di classe ;</i>
“Today we fight Burgos, tomorrow we must fight Moscow for our freedom.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 34<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">194. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">George Orwell</b> “Many militants such as
Guido Picelli simply disappeared for good, with out a trace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Orwell, who had enlisted as a volunteer
in the POUM, lived through these days and was forced to go into hiding and to
flee . . .” p. 341<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">195. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceka
[Cheka] in Spain</i></b> “The Communists used information gathered by the
police to carry out these operations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They set up illegal prisons, called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ceka
. . . “When the Stalinist decided to open a ceka</i>,” one victim recalled
there was a small cemetery being cleaned out nearby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Chekists had a diabolical idea: they
would leave the cemetery’s tombs open, with the skeletons and the decomposing
bodies in full view.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s where they locked
up the most difficult cases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had
some particularly brutal methods of torture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many prisoners were hung up by their feet, upside down, for whole
days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others they locked in tiny cupboards
with just a tiny air hole near the fact to breathe through . . . One of the
worst methods was know as “the drawer”; prisoners were forced to squat in tiny
square boxes for several days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some were
kept there unable to move for eight to ten days. To do this sort of work,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soviet agents used depraved individuals who
felt that their actions had already been approved by “La Pasionaria” (Dolores
Ibarruri).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had once said at a
meeting in Valencia: “It is better to kill one hundred innocents than to let
one guilty person go.” pp.342-343<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">196. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Stalin’s Goals in Spain</b> “On the way to
Montauban he [Joan Farre Gasso, a former POUM leader] was stopped by the
Communist <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">maquis</i>, or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">guerrilleros espanoles</i>, who executed him
on the spot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The assassination prolonged
the civil war in Spain in its most sinister aspect: the liquidation of
thousands of the bravest and most determined antifascists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Spanish example shows the impossibility
of separation the legal and criminal enterprises of the Communists in their
pursuit of their political objectives . . . Moscow’s intervention was intended solely
to promote Soviet interests while pretending it was essential for the struggle
against fascism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is clear that the
real goal of Stalin and his henchmen was to take control of the destiny of the
Republic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To that end, the liquidation
of left-wing opposition to the Communists—Socialists, anarchosyndicalists,
POUMists, and Trotskyites—was no less important than the military defeat of
Franco. p. 352<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">18
Communism and Terrorism by Remi Kauffer<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">197. “ .
. . The failure of guerrilla movements in South America—where they were opposed
by special troops trained by the Americans—was an inactive for the Communists
to resume the ”terrorist” methods that until then they had used relatively
infrequently, the most memorable exception being the Sofia Cathedral explosion
in 1924.” p. 353 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">198. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Palestinian Terror</b> “The “hand of
Moscow” was thus not omnipresent [see Ireland].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But it played an active role in supporting certain Middle Eastern
terrorist groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Starting form the idea
that the Palestinian organizations represented a national liberation movement
comparable to the Algerian FLN, the Soviet Union was quick to come out in favor
of Yasser Arafat’s Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) . . . the KGB also
kept its eye on another Palestinian nationalist group, the Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), led by Doctor George Habash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Claiming to be a radical Marxist group, this
highly structured movement had no qualms about carrying out terrorist attacks
and spectacular hijackings.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>p. 355<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">199. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">North
Korea</b> “. . . in 1987, when a team of two North Korean agents . . . failed
to rejoin their flight during a stopover in Abu Dhabi, leaving a bomb in a
radio on the Korean Airlines plane that was heading for Bangkok. Some 115
people died in the subsequent blast . . . it remains the case that by 1997 the
only Communist country systematically committed to the practice of terrorism
was North Korea.” p. 359 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><br /></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-21334107488134623462014-11-24T18:47:00.001-07:002014-11-24T18:47:44.516-07:00Welfare Speech
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Welfare
Speech<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">I’m a bit superstitious – Saturday morning, I awoke a
bit before five and mulled over this opportunity to speak to you in my
head.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I got up in the cold, still dark
and grabbed a shirt and tee shirt out of the closet. I couldn’t see which ones
I had grabbed, it didn’t matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
family has worked at Boy Scout camps every summer for forty-two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Scout t</span>roops often give us tee shirts, they are all
nice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After my shower, I slipped on
the tee shirt and got my inspiration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The tee shirt shows some boys summiting a mountain peak.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In big letters below the art it says, “I can
and will do hard things”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This works on
so many levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It could have be an
admonition to me to get this talk ready, it could by one to you – to tough out
listening to it, or it could be the message I have been tasked to share
distilled into one sentence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">My hope is that, as you listen this morning, my
words will get you to think about your own lives – your own work – the
difficult things you do because you can.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">When not at Boy Scout Camp, I am a high school
History teacher; I have been honored to teach at Layton High School for thirty
years!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every year, at this time, I
lecture about the Romans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In these years
of teaching, I have “gone through” five different text books; [my thanks to you tax
payers] all have asked the students to consider a similar question – “what
caused the fall of the Roman Republic?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are, of course many factors – but one of the most potent is the
fact that too many people became dependent on the State, on the labor of
others, for their support.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The greatness
of Rome was built by people who sought to work for their own success and that
of their city, a people who valued personal and family honor and duty to
country above all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When too of them many came to
feel they did not need to work, but rather could live on the labor of others,
the economy crumbled, evils and dangers multiplied, and their freedom was
lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">This morning, I have been asked to speak on the
Welfare Program of the Church, taking my direction from:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The 1<sup>st</sup> Presidency message – September
1986, delivered by President Thomas Monson. In his message, Pres. Monson states
– that these “basic principles do not change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They will not change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
reviled truths.” He explains:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On April 5, 1936 the Welfare Plan of the Church was
established by President Heber Grant, 1<sup>st</sup> Counselor Reuben Clark and
2<sup>nd</sup> Counselor David McKay.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
October Conference 1936, President Grant said, “Our primary purpose was to set
up, insofar as it might be possible, a system under which<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the curse of idleness would be done away
with, the evils of a dole abolished, and independence, industry, thrift and
self-respect be once more established amongst our people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The aim of the Church is to help the people
to help themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work is to be
re-enthroned as the ruling principle of the lives of our Church
membership”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">President Monson presents these reviled truths as
six principles 1) work, 2) self-reliance, 3) sound financial management, 4) a
year’s supply, 5) caring for the extended family, and 6) wise use of Church
resources. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Our ward is full of living examples of these
principles, of men and women who live honorably and do their duty!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Before I go through President Monson’s six
principles point by point, let me remind you for the great lie.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the council in heaven, Lucifer proposed
that he would do all the work and give all of God’s children salvation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His plan was rejected not because of his
impudent pride – but because IT WOULD NOT HAVE WORKED.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must work out our own salvation – we must
learn to find joy by doing it ourselves!!!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of course we will fall short – and then the Savior will do his part –
but we cannot learn to love if we do not pass through sorrow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Now, to President Monson’s principles:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1.
Work</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> is basic to all we do. – Gen. 3:19: “In the sweat
of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And in 1939 President Stephen Richards
explained “We have always dignified work and reproved idleness . . . The busy
hive of the honeybee Deseret – has been our emblem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work with faith is a cardinal point of our
theological doctrine, and our future state – our heaven – is envisioned in
terms of eternal progression through constant labor.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Even God has work to do: “This is my work and my
glory, to bring about the eternal life of man.” A big job!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">When I was a little boy, we lived in a tiny house in
Anchorage, Alaska.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every morning, I
could hear my dad get up at five and get ready to head off to work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would have to drive six miles through the
forest to Fort Richardson – sometimes it was forty below zero or even colder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It never occurred to me that he would not go
out and take care of me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">I saw in my father a living example of King
Benjamin, who in Mosiah 2:14 explains that he has “labored with [his] own hands
that [he] might serve” the people, even though he was their king. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A hundred
and fifty years later [160 BC], Marcus Aurelius, was emperor of Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marcus Aurelius was probably the most
powerful man who ever lived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was absolute
master of an empire that stretched from Britain to Bagdad, from the Rhine to
the cataracts of the Nile. He could have spent his life in luxury in a
palace in Rome – but he chose rather to spend his life camped out in a tent and fighting on
battlefields in the defense of his country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That was his work, he didn’t have to do it – he chose to serve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He put it this way:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“At dawn,
when you have trouble getting out of bed, tell yourself: “I have to go to
work—as a human being. What do I have to complain of, if I’m going to do what I
was born for—the things I was brought into the world to do? Or is this what I
was created for? To huddle under the blankets and stay warm?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">He chose to
get up and go to work, like my dad, like all dads and moms who choose to do
what they should, not only for the benefit of their children material needs,
but to set the example for how those children should live their own lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2.
Self-reliance</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> is a product of our work and
under-girds all other welfare practices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>President Marion Romney said in 1976:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“Let us work for what we need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Let us be self-reliant and independent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Salvation can be obtained on no other principle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salvation is an individual matter, and we
must work out our own salvation in temporal as well as in spiritual
things.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And a year later, President
Spencer Kimball taught, “The responsibility for each person’s social,
emotional, spiritual, physical, or economic well-being rests first upon
himself, second upon his family, and third upon the Church <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">if he is a faithful member</b> thereof.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">In my classes at Layton High, I require my students
to take notes on everything I tell them, on the reading we do together, on the
material they read in their test book.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We work together to prepare for the final test.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I provide them with a study outline and once
we have covered the material in class,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
help them fill in the appropriate information on their study guide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have posted a completely filled in study guide on the
class webpage so they can check their work and make sure they have taken down
everything they will be expected to know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">The other day, as most of my students were
frantically writing in an effort to get down all the information before we moved on to
the next point, I saw a boy sitting smugly in his seat doing nothing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I look on his desk and saw he had printed out
my completely filled in outline from the web page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had
done nothing but pushed a button but, since he had the filled out sheet in
front of him, he believed he had done his work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was disappointed. However, it gave me an opportunity to explain to the
class that having the paper filled in is not the goal – the goal is to learn
the material and more importantly it is to learn how to learn material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do not have a problem with providing
information to my students – but I expect them to do the work necessary to
learn for themselves – otherwise it does them no good at all. President Monson
continues:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3.
Sound Financial Management</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> – Too many in the
Church have failed to avoid unnecessary debt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They have little, if any, financial reserve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The solution is to budget, to live within our
means, and to save some for the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Reuben Clark said in 1938, “Once in debt interest is you companion every
minute . . . and whenever you get in its way or cross its course or fail to
meet its demands, it crushes you.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Our country is 20 trillion dollars in debt. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What an example for a nation to set – “bread and
circuses” barrowed from the future of our children and their children’s
children. Years ago, Janice had taken our little boys shopping.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The oldest – then about five or six – saw
something in the shop he wanted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When
his mother told him we didn’t have enough money, he retorted – just write a
check.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such obliviousness may be amusing
in a child – in a society it is devastating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4.
A year’s supply </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">of life’s necessities. (When I was a kid
this was one of the most often preached tenants of the church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We don’t hear much about it anymore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How things have changed.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>President Monson says, “As has been said so
often, the best storehouse system that the Church could devise would be for
every family to store a year’s supply of needed food, clothing, and, where
possible, the other necessities of life.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">At Camp Loll, about 200 boys and 100 leaders come to the woods every week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The scouts bring with them a week’s supply of
everything they need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thirty-five miles
of dirt road from the nearest store, they have no other choice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They think that the fun and adventure will be
the best part of the trip – but most learn that the real value of living a week
in the woods is learning to do hard things; its being prepare for anything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They build a year’s supply of self-confidence
and a life time of knowing that they can and will do hard things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They swim in cold water and climb to mountain
tops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They build their own shelters, gather
wood for their fires, and water to drink and wash, cook their own meals, and do
their own dishes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They follow bear and
fire processions, defend and repair the wilderness, follow the trails, and go
on working and playing in paradise through rain and sun and dark and
mosquitos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Having brought everything
they need with them, they make their way for a week in the wilderness relying
on their own abilities and the love of the fellows.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s “all the world”, a life time, in a
week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5.
Caring for the extended family</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> – In 1 Timothy, Paul
wrote, “If any provide not for his own, and especially for those of his own
house, he hath denied the faith and is worse than an infidel.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>President Monson reiterates, “It is our
sacred duty to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">care for our families,
including our extended families”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. </i>It is difficult to understand how one
mother can take care of seven children more easily than seven children can take
care of one mother. . .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1938, President
Clark gave clear direction on this matter:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“The prime responsibility for supporting an aged parent rests upon [the]
family, not upon society … The family which refuses to keep its own is not
meeting its duty.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1944, President Stephen Richards put it clearly,
“I think my food would choke me if I knew that while I could procure bread my
aged father or mother or near kin were on public relief.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Thales of Miletus, who was born in 625 BC, over a
century before the first Hebrew Scriptures were even written down, said,
“Expect from your children the same provision you made for your parents.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">When I was a little boy, I would wake up in the middle
of the night, afraid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would call out for
my “daddy” and he would come and comfort me; his presence enough to assure
me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I knew that there was no danger, no
monster, no evil – that was a match for him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ten years ago, at the age of 89, my father had a massive heart
attack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The doctors kept telling us he
would die any day – but he didn’t; so we brought him home to live with us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His bed was set up in our family room, just
outside our bedroom door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What joy I
felt – when in the middle of the night, he would call to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would go out and sit at his side and we
would talk till he feel back to sleep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">One night – it was about two A. M. – he called for
me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I went to him and asked what he
wanted. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“I want to go for a drive.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“Where do you want to go?” I asked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Realize that my dad had longed lived in
Brigham City.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“I want to go to Mantua,” he said. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“Dad,” I explained, “it’s the middle of the night –
you won’t be able to see anything.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“Yah,” he said, “but I could hear the engine running.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“I have to go to work in three hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I promise </span>I’ll take you to Mantua this afternoon, when
I get home from school."</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">He went off to sleep – he never woke up again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Next to the example of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">how to work</b> – this chance to serve – was my father’s greatest gift
to me. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6.
Proper Use of Church Resources</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> – President Monson
explains, “The Lord’s store house includes the time, talents, skills,
compassion, consecrated material, and financial means of faithful Church
members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These resources are available
to the bishop in assisting of those in need.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He presents five basic guidelines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1) The bishop is to seek out the poor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>2) The bishop, with the council of the Relief Society president, is to
evaluate each situation with discernment, sound judgment, balance, and
compassion. 3) He will insure that those who receive welfare assistance should
work to the extent of their abilities for that which is received, [take that
Lucifer] providing work which will enhance the recipient’s efforts to become
self-reliant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4) Assistance given by the
bishop is temporary and partial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
rehabilitation of members is the responsibility of the individual and the
family, aided by the priesthood quorum and Relief Society<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are attempting to develop
independence, not dependence. </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5)
Assistance is with basic life-sustaining goods and services, not the
maintenance of current living standards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(Quote from the last General conference by Bishop Davies 2<sup>nd</sup>
councilor in presiding bishopric, “Church welfare system is to sustain life not
life style.”) Monson explains that, “Families may need to alter their standards
of living in doing all they can to meet their own needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">President Monson is quite clear that welfare
resources are provided by the sacrifice of the saints for the benefit of those
in need.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Donations are both a gift to
others and a blessing to ourselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
those resources are to be used in need, President Monson indicates that they
are for true and great emergencies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Examples
of when welfare is to be used are catastrophes like the Teton Dam Disaster and
WWII. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The purpose of the Church Welfare program is not to
provide for the material needs of the poor, rather, as President Grant
explained: “Our primary purpose was to set up, insofar as it might be possible,
a system under which the curse of idleness would be done away with, the evils
of a dole abolished, and independence, industry, thrift and self-respect be
once more established amongst our people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The aim of the Church is to help the people to help themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work is to be re-enthroned as the ruling
principle of the lives of our Church membership.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> -------------------------------------------------------------------</o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Related
Quotes:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Thales of
Miletus 600 BC.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">23. Expect
from your children the same provision you made from your parents.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">From the </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Bhagavad Gita 500 BC</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On Work:
2:47 Krishna – Set thy heart upon thy work, but never on its reward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work not for a reward; but never cease to do
thy work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On Leading
by Example: 3:21 & 26 Krishna – 21: “In the actions of the best men others
find their rule of action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The path that
a great man follows becomes a guide to the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>26 “Let not the wise disturb the mind of the
unwise in their selfish work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let him,
working with devotion; show them the joy of good work.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On Service:
3: 25 Krishna – Even as the unwise work selfishly in the bondage of selfish
works, let the wise man work unselfishly for the good of all the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">On Faith
with Works: 3:31 Krishna – Those who ever follow my doctrine and who have
faith, and have a good will, find through pure work their freedom. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">From
Democritus: 460 BC. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">27. The
thrifty behave like bees, working as though they are to live forever. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">31.
Voluntary labors make it easier to endure involuntary labors.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">36. Mercenary
service teaches self-sufficiency in life; for bread and a straw mattress are
the sweetest cures for hunger and exhaustion.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">47. Poverty
and wealth are names for want and satisfaction; so one who is in want is not
wealthy and one who is not in want is not poor.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">48.
Fortunate is he who is content with moderate gods, unfortunate he who is
discontent with many.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">69. Those
who praise the unintelligent do them great harm.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Marcus
Aurelius 121 – 180 BC.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“In the
morning when thou risest unwillingly, let this thought be present - I am rising
to the work of a human being. Why then am I dissatisfied if I am going to do
the things for which I exist and for which I was brought into the world?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">“At dawn,
when you have trouble getting out of bed, tell yourself: “I have to go to
work—as a human being. What do I have to complain of, if I’m going to do what I
was born for—the things I was brought into the world to do? Or is this what I
was created for? To huddle under the blankets and stay warm?”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“At dawn,
when you have trouble getting out of bed, tell yourself: “I have to go to
work—as a human being. What do I have to complain of, if I’m going to do what I
was born for—the things I was brought into the world to do? Or is this what I
was created for? To huddle under the blankets and stay warm?”</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-63743042149771863422014-11-09T15:46:00.000-07:002014-12-03T05:03:33.121-07:00Little BearWe had a bear in camp this past summer. I had several encounters with him. Fortunately he was a little bear. I believe he has had enough of me. One rainy afternoon, I trudged out to meet him for the third time - bear spray in hand. I fought my way through the undergrowth and scrambling through the gullies about fifty yards above the trail to Polar Bear. We came face to face. He took a good look at me and bounded off over the south ridge. Just the response I was hoping for. <br />
<br />
He has been much on my mind. I just finished painting this picture of him. <br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipsja_T-PY4V7Gj57iV87MBSq2-XyaUwGwLTqmQdTKspVwcFCl_mgocT7-od7rngBKsnkIQGZO3NORzs_jjZ4VTY4n8MkIfMJvCZdWA-xAkScGnM1HXpjUGJgokb_jMmTDfvjJ/s1600/Little+Bear+02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipsja_T-PY4V7Gj57iV87MBSq2-XyaUwGwLTqmQdTKspVwcFCl_mgocT7-od7rngBKsnkIQGZO3NORzs_jjZ4VTY4n8MkIfMJvCZdWA-xAkScGnM1HXpjUGJgokb_jMmTDfvjJ/s1600/Little+Bear+02.jpg" height="400" width="318" /></a></div>
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I also wrote a poem concerning him and the dangers he represents - or - if you prefer, the dangers he faces, if either the camp or the bear fail to learn and obey the rules.</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">From dark
dangers Rules keep us free,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">
<span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">While Virtue
gives Reason to our Faith. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 28pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><o:p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> <em>Little Bear</em> was accepted at the Petite Impressions art show at the Eccles Community Art Center. He will be on exhibit along with a lot of other works by other folks starting this weekend. </span></o:p></span></span></div>
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8382259.post-7210272267239258882014-09-28T20:43:00.000-06:002014-09-28T20:46:19.913-06:00Gifts to Loll 2014<br />
Camp Loll could not operate without the gifts from a host of generous friends who have caught the vision of Joy through Service that is Loll's purpose. <br />
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One of the summer's first great gifts came for Loll's great friends Scott Poulsen and Jeff Stork. Understand that Camp Loll is cut off from the wonders of cell coverage, electrical power grids, and civilization in general. This is actually a good thing - most of the time - but in the face of an emergency and the necessity of doing business, we, like anyone else, need to be able to make a phone call and have contact with staff and scouts in the depths of the Wilderness. This would be impossible were it not for the generosity and genius of these two heroes. Scott has set up our satellite phone and internet connection. He arrived in camp the second day and had our phone up and running in hours. He then lent his experience to supporting Jeff, our radio master, in setting up our new antenna and servicing our radio net which allows our hiking groups to be in constant contact with Camp Loll and also insures that program areas such as the rifle range, the waterfront, and the climbing rocks are in instant contact with "base" if they ever need help. All the equipment has either been provided directly through Scott and Jeff's generosity or through donations to the Camp Loll Alumni fund. Thank you, all of you!!!!!<br />
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Here, Jeff - on the left and Scott, set up Jeff's new wonder antenna. I've no idea how or why is works so well. All I know is that now I can speak to any hike from Union Falls to Survey Peak to Beulah Lake at any time. <br />
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Here is a close up of Jeff's Magic Antenna.</div>
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Jeff Stork in the Camp office with Loll's resident computer - electronic device genius, Brad Lundell. <br />
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Our great friend and wonderworker - Scott Poulsen, makes the first phone call of the summer. The phone and the computer worked all day every day for the rest of the season. </div>
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Thanks to Scott and Jeff for their wonderful gifts. </div>
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The next great miracle gift for Loll had its beginning at the 2013 Alumni Reunion. In our Camp Committee meeting, our Chairman, Lynn Hinrichs asked who would take responsibility for replacing the docks. The docks had been in use for twenty years, they were in need of constant repair and the decaying Styrofoam floats were giving us a lot of trouble. David Kirkham took on the job. </div>
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The double miracle that would come from Dave's promise to act had its beginning months before our summer adventure. At Kirkham Motors - home of the "coolest" cars in the world - where the docks would be crafted out of aluminum. </div>
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The raw materials - lots and lots of aluminum.<br />
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The wonder machines of Kirkham Motors.<br />
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Every piece is wonderfully hand crafted by craftsmen - true artists. <br />
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The old docks have spent their winter on the beach at Loll. The rotting foam blocks stored on the docks under tarps made from old billboard covers. The steel frames make these monsters so hard to move that it typically takes the entire staff an afternoon to get them into the lake. <br />
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The foam crumbles off the docks and the beach has to be constantly policed to gather in the mess. <br />
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Over the years the foam blocks have broken into smaller and smaller pieces. Once the docks and foam had been hauled to the parking lot it was time to bring the new docks in. They had been trucked to Loll by Dave and his right hand man, Eric. </div>
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A few staff members can carry one of the strong but light segments to the landing. Once they were to the lake, it was only a matter of paddling them across to the waterfront.<br />
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Next - under the direction of Dave and his sons Chris and Nick, the segments are fitted together. <br />
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The new docks are incredibly buoyant and strong. They are filled with foam, but it is sealed in the aluminum shell. The docks are painted gray to help keep them cool and protected. </div>
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When in place there will be an L dock for swimming, a swim dock, a little farther out, and a separate dock for the sailboats and catamarans. <br />
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Nick leads the crew in the assembly of the docks. He and Chris spent a good deal of the winter building these wonderful gifts to Loll.<br />
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Here are Eric, Dave, Chris, and Nick. Thousands of campers will enjoy their generosity and service for a long time to come. </div>
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This is the beautifully engraved ladder up out of the swimming area onto the docks. Once more the thousands who use Loll are made safe and happy by the service and generosity of Camp Loll Staff and Alumni. </div>
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Even as Dave was fulfilling his pledge to "fix the docks" others were getting ready to make use of them. Last year one of Camp Loll's catamarans was falling apart and leaking. My impulse was to throw it away and either do without or come up with the money to replace it. But some of our Staff had different ideas. Our 2013 Waterfront Director, Ian Crookston and our ACE Director Joey Langford told me if I'd send it home, they would fix it. Spring found it in better than new condition. The hulls completely sealed and re-painted and all the hardware replaced and installed. Once again the hours and hours of work were donated by Loll's great staff and any materials that had to be purchased provided by the Alumni Funds. </div>
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Our "better than new" Cat ready for action. <br />
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There has been an interesting shift in use pattern at the Camp Loll Waterfront over the past few years. Kayaking is now a new Merit Badge offered by the BSA. 2012 found Loll with only three very old kayaks, left overs from the old days when we ran a float trip between Shoshone and Lewis Lakes. They were in bad shape and the old design required float bladders and canvas "skirts" to keep them afloat. Now we have 18 brand new "ocean kayaks" and at any given time there are more kayaks on the lake than there are canoes, and rowboats combined. This is another miracle made possible by a Camp Loll alumni and dear friend. Dr. Steven Johnson worked at Loll the first year it was a camp, 1959. He is still a regular at our camp. Coming up early in the season to help us get set up and spending the week with his troop during the season as well. There are many gifts from Dr. Johnson throughout the camp - but the last two summers he has brought us all of our new kayaks. <br />
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Here are some Loll campers out in the kayaks gifted to Loll by Dr. Steve Johnson. They come in various sizes and with either two seats or one.<br />
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In a kayak you feel like a loon.<br />
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Some of our alumni take advantage of Dr. Johnson's gifts. They are the most popular waterfront activity during Alumni Weekend. <br />
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The Kirkham's gift of the dock just kept on giving. For several years we have been contemplating replacing the benches at Camp Loll's Campfire Bowl. Every plan seemed very difficult and very expensive. Surely we would have to get some new benches as many at the fire bowl were broken, rotting, or in the case of many of them which were logs - uncomfortable. <br />
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Now that the new docks were in place we had to deal with the lumber and steel framings. The crumbling foam had all been hauled away either by Dave and Eric or by Dr. Johnson. Steve had loaded the trailer he had brought loaded with our beautiful new kayaks with the old floats and taken them to the St. Anthony dump. Jody Orme and Jake Dansie came up with another miracle. Why not cut the steel frame of the docks up and put the boards on the sections to form benches. Some new base logs and we would have a new Campfire Bowl. I was having trouble figuring out how to take the steel to the salvage yard - the two by sixes would make good firewood, I thought. The idea of making benches seemed way to difficult to me. But, Jody, Jake, and the Camp Loll crew are not to be put off by a challenge.<br />
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Grinder in hand Jake and his helpers went to work cutting up the thick steel framing. <br />
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This was a very difficult task. We wore through many grinder pads but not Jake's determination.<br />
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No free time for Camp Loll's hard working crew.<br />
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Just one lesson on persistence and ingenuity after another.</div>
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It was soon discovered that the edges of the cut steel were dangerously sharp; so Jake and crew took them into the garage - out of the snow storms - and rounded them off.<br />
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Holes were drilled in the planks and frames - and many drill bits and one drill later we had enough benches to fill the entire fire bowl.<br />
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The old benches were taken to the fire wood pile, new support logs cut and hauled into place.<br />
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Once the old were gone, Jody donned his brand new chain saw outfit and, brand new chain saw in hand, began to prepare the benches. If you look behind Jody you will see that the east section still needs to be replaced - it will be.<br />
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The front benches were already planks - heavy floor boards salvaged from the old rifle range some years ago. <br />
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The rest would be the carefully cut, drilled and lag bolted reincarnations of the docks.</div>
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They are very heavy and very strong.<br />
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The crew found more to do with their time. The project would actually be underway throughout the summer. It would be the second to last week of the season before the last bench was in place. <br />
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The fire bowl, when completed had more seats in it than ever - it will once more allow our staff to sit among the scouts rather than crowd together over on the rock to the east of the benches. This has not been possible for many years - since Loll's attendance has grown. </div>
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But now, once more the Staff can sit along the ends of each bench - ready to dash down to perform and then return to support the scouts and the presenters in the program. It makes a wonderful difference, a magical improvement of our already great shows.</div>
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So, there you go - the brand new docks became a wonderful improvement to the Campfire Bowl; at the cost of a few hundred carriage bolts.<br />
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There were many more gifts to Loll in the summer of 2014. I am remiss that we do not have pictures of them all. Joe Hawkes brought us enough food to keep us happy for weeks - everything from fresh frozen chicken to boxes of chocolate covered almonds and a "zebra" hide. The Alumni fund also bought Loll a beautiful new wall tent and frame for our adult staff to live in at the Waterfront estates, and a replacement washing machine when one of ours gave out after ten summers of almost constant service. And that new chain saw - that was also paid for by the Alumni's money. Without it so many things that needed doing would not have been done - and the new Campfire Bowl remained a dream. </div>
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Jody with the new chain say - a perfect example of how the gifts of Loll's friends and the hard work of Loll's staff make Camp Loll a success. <br />
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Lysishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10669231502705943487noreply@blogger.com0